PART 4Capital Buffers and Macro-prudential Measures
Systemic risk buffer: amendments
19.—(1) In regulation 60, for the new Part 5A, substitute—
“PART 5ASystemic Risk Buffer
Interpretation
34A. In this Part—
“institution” means—
a credit institution, or
an investment firm which is for the time being designated by the PRA under article 3 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (PRA-regulated Activities) Order 2013(1);
“recognition decision” means a decision by the PRA to recognise a third country buffer rate;
“relevant entity” has the meaning given in regulation 34C(1);
“systemic risk buffer” has the meaning given in regulation 34C(1);
“third country buffer rate” has the meaning given in regulation 34B.
Third country buffer rates: recognition
34B.—(1) In this Part, a “third country buffer rate” means—
(a)in relation to an EEA state, a buffer rate set in accordance with Article 133 of the capital requirements directive as it has effect in EU law as amended from time to time, or if revoked, by its successor; or
(b)in relation to a country other than the United Kingdom which is not an EEA state, a buffer rate set by the relevant authority of that country, that the PRA considers serves a similar purpose to the buffer rates that may be set in accordance with Article 133 of the capital requirements directive as it has effect in EU law as amended from time to time, or if revoked, by its successor.
(2) The PRA may decide to recognise a third country buffer rate (“a recognition decision”).
(3) A recognition decision may relate to all institutions or institutions of a specified description.
(4) The PRA may revoke a recognition decision.
Requirement to maintain a systemic risk buffer
34C.—(1) The PRA may require an institution, a UK parent financial holding company, or a UK parent mixed financial holding company (a “relevant entity”) to hold additional Common Equity Tier 1 capital (“a systemic risk buffer”) in relation to some or all of the exposures referred to in regulation 34G, in order to prevent or mitigate macro-prudential or systemic risks which are not covered—
(a)under the capital requirements regulation; or
(b)by the countercyclical capital buffer, the G-SII buffer or the O-SII buffer provided for in these Regulations.
(2) If the PRA imposes a requirement on a relevant entity under paragraph (1), the PRA must specify—
(a)the exposures or subset of exposures to which that requirement relates;
(b)the buffer rate to be applied to those exposures.
(3) The only buffer rates that the PRA may specify for the purposes of paragraph (2) are 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% and 5%.
(4) For the purposes of this regulation, a risk is a “macro-prudential or systemic risk” if it is a risk of disruption in the financial system with the potential to have serious negative consequences to the financial system and the real economy in the United Kingdom.
(5) The PRA may impose a requirement under paragraph (1) on all relevant entities, or on relevant entities of a specified description, and may impose different requirements in relation to different relevant entities or classes of exposures.
Third country rates: application to relevant entities
34D.—(1) The PRA may require a relevant entity which has exposures located in a third country, in relation to which a recognition decision is in effect, to apply the third country buffer rate, in relation to its total exposures in that country.
(2) The powers in paragraph (1), in relation to a recognition decision which is limited to relevant entities of a specified description (in accordance with regulation 34B(3)), apply only to relevant entities falling within the description.
(3) Where a relevant entity is required to apply a third country buffer rate under paragraph (1), the PRA must specify, to the relevant entity concerned, the basis to be applied in valuing exposures from one of the following bases—
(a)an individual basis;
(b)a sub-consolidated basis; or
(c)a consolidated basis.
(4) Where the PRA require a relevant entity to apply a third country buffer rate under paragraph (1)—
(a)if the third country buffer rate addresses different risks to the systemic risk buffer rate applied under regulation 34C (the “regulation 34C rate”), the third country buffer rate may be applied cumulatively with the systemic risk buffer rate;
(b)if the third country buffer rate addresses the same risks as the regulation 34C rate, only the higher buffer rate is to be applied.
(5) The PRA may revoke a requirement imposed under paragraph (1).
(6) Where the PRA decides that a relevant entity must apply a third country buffer rate, the regulator must decide the date from which the relevant entity must apply the third country buffer rate.
(7) Where the PRA revokes a requirement that a relevant entity maintain a third country buffer, the regulator must decide the date from which the relevant entity must cease to apply the third country buffer rate.
Calculation of the systemic risk buffer
34E.—(1) Relevant entities must calculate the amount of the systemic risk buffer in accordance with the following formula—
where—
“SRB” is the systemic risk buffer;
“RT” is the buffer rate applicable to the amount of the total risk exposure of a relevant entity;
“ET” is the amount of the total risk exposure of the relevant entity calculated in accordance with Article 92(3) of the capital requirements regulation;
“I” is the index denoting the subset of exposures specified by the PRA under regulation 34C(2);
“RI” is the buffer rate applicable to the amount of the risk exposure of I;
“EI” is the risk exposure amount of a relevant entity for I calculated in accordance with Article 92(3) of the capital requirements regulation.
(2) The PRA may require a relevant entity to maintain a systemic risk buffer on—
(a)an individual basis;
(b)a sub-consolidated basis; or
(c)a consolidated basis.
Cumulative buffers
34F.—(1) Where a relevant entity is subject to a systemic risk buffer, applied in accordance with this Part, subject to paragraph (2), that buffer is to be cumulative with the O-SII buffer applied under Part 5ZA or the G-SII buffer set under Part 4.
(2) The sum of the systemic risk buffer rate and the O-SII buffer rate or G-SII buffer rate may not exceed 5%.
Systemic risk buffer exposures
34G. A systemic risk buffer may apply to the following exposures—
(a)all exposures located in the United Kingdom;
(b)the following sectoral exposures located in the United Kingdom—
(i)all retail exposures to natural persons which are secured by residential property,
(ii)all exposures to legal persons which are secured by mortgages on commercial immoveable property,
(iii)all exposures to natural persons other than those specified in sub-paragraph (i),
(iv)all exposures to legal persons other than those specified in sub-paragraph (ii);
(c)all exposures located in a third country;
(d)sectoral exposures referred to in paragraph (b) which are located in a third country;
(e)a specified subset of the exposures referred to in paragraphs (a) to (d).
Notifications
34H.—(1) Where the PRA gives or revokes a recognition decision under regulation 34B, it must notify—
(a)the FCA;
(b)the authorities of the third country which are responsible for supervision of undertakings; and
(c)if different, the authorities of the third country responsible for setting the buffer rate.
(2) When the relevant entity to which one or more systemic risk buffers apply is a subsidiary undertaking of a parent undertaking which is incorporated under the law of a third country, the PRA must notify the competent authority of the third country concerned of any requirements imposed on the relevant entity under regulation 34C.
(3) Where a systemic risk buffer is applied to exposures in a third country, the PRA must notify the competent authority of the third country concerned.
Publication: systemic risk buffer
34I.—(1) Where the PRA requires a relevant entity to maintain a systemic risk buffer under regulation 34C, it must publish the following information on its website—
(a)the systemic risk buffer rate;
(b)the relevant entities to which the systemic risk buffer applies;
(c)the exposures to which the systemic risk buffer rate applies;
(d)the justification for setting or resetting the systemic risk buffer rate;
(e)the date from which the relevant entities are to apply the setting or the resetting of the systemic risk buffer rate; and
(f)the names of the countries where exposures located in those countries are recognised in the systemic risk buffer.
(2) The PRA must not publish information under paragraph (1)(d) if publication might jeopardise the stability of the financial system.
(3) Where the PRA revokes a requirement that a relevant entity maintain a systemic risk buffer rate under regulation 34C, it must publish—
(a)the fact that the requirement has been revoked;
(b)the justification for its decision to revoke the requirement; and
(c)the date from which the relevant entity may cease to apply the systemic risk buffer rate.
Publication: third country buffer rates
34J.—(1) Where the PRA recognises a third country buffer rate under regulation 34B, it must publish—
(a)the buffer rate; and
(b)the justification for recognising the buffer rate.
(2) Where the PRA requires a relevant entity to apply a third country buffer rate under regulation 34D, it must publish—
(a)the date from which the relevant entity must apply the third country buffer rate;
(b)the location of the exposures to which the third country buffer rate relates;
(c)the level of consolidation which applies in the calculation of the third country buffer; and
(d)the justification for its decision under regulation 34D(1).
(3) The PRA must not publish information under paragraph (1)(b) or (2)(d) if publication might jeopardise the stability of the financial system.
(4) Where the PRA revokes a requirement that a relevant entity apply a third country buffer rate under regulation 34D, it must publish—
(a)the fact that the requirement has been revoked;
(b)the justification for its decision to revoke the requirement; and
(c)the date from which the relevant entity may cease to apply the third country buffer rate.
Review
34K. The PRA must review the following matters at least once every second year—
(a)the decision to require a relevant entity or class of relevant entities to maintain a systemic risk buffer under regulation 34C(1);
(b)a buffer rate set under regulation 34C(2);
(c)the exposures, or subset of exposures, to which that buffer rate is applied;
(d)a decision that a relevant entity must maintain a third country buffer under regulation 34D;
(e)a decision as to the level of consolidation to apply in relation to the application of a third country buffer rate under regulation 34D(3).
Appeals
34L.—(1) A person who is aggrieved by a decision of the PRA under regulation 34C may refer the matter to the Tribunal.
(2) The scope of such an appeal is limited to the buffer rate set under regulation 34C(2).”
S.I. 2013/556. Article 3 was amended by S.I. 2013/3115; 2017/701 and 2019/632.