2021 No. 534

Civil Aviation

Climate Change

The Air Navigation (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) Order 2021

Made28th April 2021

Laid before Parliament5th May 2021

Coming into force26th May 2021

At the Court at Windsor Castle, the 28th day of April 2021

Present,

The Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty in Council

This Order is made in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 60(2)(a), 60(3)(p) and 61 of, and Schedule 13 to, the Civil Aviation Act 19821.

This Order is made with the consent of the Treasury as is required under section 60(3)(p) of the Civil Aviation Act 1982.

Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, orders as follows:

PART 1General

Citation and commencementI11

This Order may be cited as the Air Navigation (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) Order 2021 and comes into force on 26th May 2021.

ExtentI22

This Order extends to the whole of the United Kingdom.

ApplicationI33

1

Subject to paragraph (2), this Order applies to civil international aviation undertaken by aeroplane operators for F12which the United Kingdom is the administering State, in accordance with article 8, under this Order.

2

This Order does not apply to the following flights—

a

humanitarian, medical and firefighting flights, or to international flights preceding or following a humanitarian, medical or firefighting flight provided such flights are conducted with the same aeroplane, and are required to accomplish the related humanitarian, medical or firefighting activities or to reposition the aeroplane after that for its next activity, or

b

flights by State aircraft.

3

The aeroplane operator must provide supporting evidence of such activities to the verification body or, upon request, to the Regulator.

InterpretationI44

In this Order—

“Aerodrome” means a defined area on land or water, including any buildings, installations and equipment, intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraftF13,
“Aerodrome pair” means a group of two aerodromes composed of a departing aerodrome and an arrival aerodromeF13,
“Aeroplane” means a power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flightF13,
“Aeroplane operator” means a person identified under article 5F13,
“Aeroplane owner” means a person, organisation or enterprise identified via Item 4 (name of owner) and Item 5 (address of owner) on the certificate of registration of an aeroplaneF13,
“Aeroplane type” means the aeroplane types described in “Doc 8643 – Aircraft Type Designators”2F13,
F14...
F14...
F14...
“Air Operator Certificate” or “AOC” means a certificate issued by the CAA authorising an operator to carry out specified commercial air transport operationsF13,
“CAA” means the Civil Aviation Authority of the United KingdomF13,
“CERT” means the CO₂ Estimation and Reporting Tool regulated by Schedule 3F13,
“Chicago Convention” means the Convention on International Civil Aviation and its Annexes3, signed in Chicago on 7th December 1944, as amendedF13,
“chief inspector” means the chief inspector constituted under regulation 8(3) of the Pollution Prevention and Control (Industrial Emissions) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 20134F13,
“CO₂” means carbon dioxideF13,
“CO₂e” means carbon dioxide equivalentF13,
“Compliance period” means the relevant timeline set out in Schedule 1F13,
“Conversion process” means a type of technology used to convert a feedstock into aviation fuelF13,
“CORSIA” means the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation5F13,
“CORSIA eligible fuel” means a CORSIA sustainable aviation fuel or a CORSIA lower carbon aviation fuel, which an aeroplane operator may use to reduce its offsetting requirements6F13,
“CORSIA lower carbon aviation fuel” means a fossil-based aviation fuel that meets the CORSIA Sustainability Criteria7 under this OrderF13,
“CORSIA sustainable aviation fuel” means a renewable or waste-derived aviation fuel that meets the CORSIA Sustainability Criteria8 under this OrderF13,
“domestic flight” means the operation of an aircraft from take-off at an aerodrome in the United Kingdom or its territories, to landing at an aerodrome of the United Kingdom or its territoriesF13,
“Emissions Monitoring Plan” means the plan setting out how the aeroplane operator’s aviation emissions are to be monitored for the purposes of this OrderF13,
“Emissions Report” means the report produced by the aeroplane operator for the purposes of article 31(1)F13,
“Feedstock” means a type of unprocessed raw material used for the production of aviation fuelF13,
“Flight plan” means specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraftF13,
“Fuel uplift” means the measurement of fuel provided by the fuel supplier, as documented in the fuel delivery notes or invoices for each flight, in litresF13,
“Great Circle Distance” means the shortest distance, rounded to the nearest kilometre, between the origin and the destination aerodromes, measured over the earth’s surface modelled according to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)9F13,
“GHG” means Greenhouse gasesF13,
“IAF” means International Accreditation ForumF13,
“ICAO” means the International Civil Aviation Organisation10F13,
“IEC” means International Electrotechnical CommissionF13,
“international flight” means the operation of an aircraft from take-off at an aerodrome of a State or its territories, to landing at an aerodrome of another State or its territoriesF13,
“ISO” means International Organization for StandardizationF13,
“ISO 14064-3:2006” means ISO document entitled “Greenhouse gases -- Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions”F15,
“ISO 14065:2013” means ISO document entitled “Greenhouse gases - Requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms of recognition, Document published on: 2013-04”F15,
“ISO 14066:2011” means ISO document entitled “Greenhouse gases — Competence requirements for greenhouse gas validation teams and verification teams”F15,
“ISO/IEC 17011:2004” means ISO/IEC document entitled “Conformity assessment - General requirements for accreditation bodies accrediting conformity assessment bodies”F15,
“kg” means kilogrammesF13,
“MRV” means Monitoring, Reporting and VerificationF13,
“MJ” means MegajouleF13,
“National accreditation body” means the body authorised by a State which attests that a verification body is competent to provide specific verification servicesF13,
“New entrant” means any aeroplane operator that commences an aviation activity falling within the scope of this Order on or after its entry into force and whose activity is not in whole or in part a continuation of an aviation activity previously performed by another aeroplane operatorF13,
“Notifying State” means the State that has submitted to ICAO the request for the registration of or change in the three-letter designator of an aeroplane operator over which it has jurisdictionF13,
“NRW” means the Natural Resources Body for Wales11F13,
“Operator” means, for the purpose of this Order, the person, organisation or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operationF13,
F14...
“Regulator” is the regulator identified under article 10 for the purpose of this OrderF13,
“Reporting period” means a period which commences on 1st January and finishes on 31st December in a given year for which an aeroplane operator or State reports required information. The flight departure time (UTC)12 determines which reporting period a flight belongs toF13,
“scheme year” means the calendar year beginning on 1st January 2021 or any of the subsequent calendar years during which CORSIA appliesF13, and a reference to a scheme year described by a calendar year, such as the “2021 scheme year”, is a reference to the scheme year beginning on 1st January of that yearF13,
“SEPA” means the Scottish Environment Protection Agency13F13,
“SI units” means the international system of measurements that is based on particular metric unitsF13,
“source stream” means any of a specific fuel type, raw material or product giving rise to emissions of relevant greenhouse gases at one or more emission sources as a result of its consumption or productionF13,
“State” means any State that is a signatory to, or has acceded to, the Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed at Chicago on 7th December 1944F13,
“State aircraft” means an aircraft used in the military, customs or police servicesF13,
“State pair” means a group of two States composed of a departing State or its territories and an arrival State or its territoriesF13,
F16“Sustainability Certification Scheme” means a scheme for the certification of sustainable fuels that has been approved by ICAO in ICAO document “CORSIA Approved Sustainability Certification Scheme”3,
“UK ETS Order” means the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Order 202014F13,
F17“Verification body” means a person that performs the verification of an Emissions Report, as an accredited independent third party,
F17“Verification of report” means an independent, systematic and sufficiently documented evaluation process of an Emissions Report,
F17“Verification Report” means a document, drafted by the verification body, containing the verification statement and required supporting information set out in paragraph 3(22) to (26) of Schedule 6 and required supporting information, and
F17“Verification team” means a group of verifiers, or a single verifier that also qualifies as a team leader, belonging to a verification body conducting the verification of an Emissions Report, whether or not supported by technical experts.

Meaning of aeroplane operatorI55

In this Order, a person is an “aeroplane operator” where that person is an operator that produces annual CO₂ emissions greater than 10,000 tonnes from the use of an aeroplane with a maximum certificated take-off mass greater than 5,700 kg conducting international flights.

UnitsI66

The non-SI units listed in column 2 of the Table must be used either in lieu of, or in addition to, SI units15 as primary units of measurement under this Order.

TableNon-SI units for use with SI units

Specific quantity	Non-SI Unit	Symbol	Definition (in terms of SI units)
Mass	tonne	T	1 t = 10³ kg
Time	hour	H	1 h = 60 min = 3,600 s
Volume	litre	L	1 L = 1 dm³ = 10^-3 m³

PART 2Administration

CHAPTER 1General

Notification to ICAO of voluntary participation in CORSIAI77

1

The Secretary of State must notify ICAO of any change in the decision by the government of the United Kingdom to voluntarily participate, or to discontinue its voluntary participation, in CORSIA, for the purpose of the inclusion of the United Kingdom in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs”16.

2

The notification in paragraph (1) must be made by 30th June in each year from and including 2021 to and including 2025, for the purposes of inclusion in the subsequent year of the scheme.

Attribution of an aeroplane operator to the United KingdomI88

1

The United Kingdom is the administering State for an aeroplane operator where—

a

the aeroplane operator has an ICAO Designator which identifies the United Kingdom asthe Notifying State, as listed in the ICAO document entitled ICAO Designators for Aircraft Operating Agencies, Aeronautical Authorities and Services17,

b

without an ICAO Designator, the aeroplane operator has a valid AOC, or equivalent, or

c

without an ICAO Designator or AOC, the aeroplane operator has its registered office in the United Kingdom or, where the aeroplane operator is a natural person, is resident in the United Kingdom.

2

An aeroplane operator with international flights attributed to it and which has the United Kingdom as its administering State must notify the Regulator of that fact.

3

The Secretary of State, with the assistance of the Regulator, must ensure the correct attribution of an aeroplane operator to the United Kingdom according to the approach in paragraph (1).

4

A Regulator must, by 30th October in each scheme year, provide the Secretary of State with a list of aeroplane operators for which it is the Regulator.

5

The Secretary of State must submit to ICAO in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1 a list of aeroplane operators which are attributed to the United Kingdom containing the required information as described in Schedule 5, Table 3 and the Secretary of State may submit updates to this list to ICAO on a more frequent basis.

Attribution of international flights to an aeroplane operatorI99

1

An aeroplane operator must identify international flights that are attributed to it in accordance with paragraph (3).

2

Two or more consecutive flights operated under the same flight number are considered as separate flights for the purposes of this Order.

3

An international flight is attributable to an aeroplane operator as follows—

a

when Item 7 (aircraft identification)18 of the flight plan contains the ICAO Designator, that flight must be attributed to the aeroplane operator that has been assigned this Designator,

b

when Item 7 (aircraft identification) of the flight plan contains the nationality or common mark, and registration mark of an aeroplane that is explicitly listed in a valid AOC, or equivalent, that flight must be attributed to the aeroplane operator that holds the F18Air Operator Certificate, and

c

when the aeroplane operator of a flight has not been identified under sub-paragraphs (a) or (b), that flight must be attributed to the aeroplane owner who must then be considered to be the aeroplane operator of that flight.

4

If requested by the Regulator, aeroplane owners identified under paragraph (3)(c) must provide all information necessary to identify the actual aeroplane operator of a flight.

5

The aeroplane operator may, by contract, delegate the administrative requirements of this Order to a third party, as long as the delegation is not to the same entity as the verification body. Liability for compliance must not be delegated.

6

Nationality and registration marks, referred to in paragraph (3)(b), are defined in paragraph 1, Part 2 of Schedule 4 to the Air Navigation Order 201619.

Meaning of RegulatorI1010

1

Subject to paragraph (2) and article 17, the Regulator of an aeroplane operator F19which has been attributed to the United Kingdom under article 8(1) is—

a

the Environment Agency20, where the aeroplane operator —

i

has its registered office or is resident in England, or

ii

does not have a registered office or is not resident in the United Kingdom,

b

the NRW, where the aeroplane operator has its registered office or is resident in Wales,

c

the SEPA where the aeroplane operator has its registered office or is resident in Scotland,

d

the chief inspector, where the aeroplane operator has its registered office or is resident in Northern Ireland.

2

For an aeroplane operator F19which is administered as an aircraft operator under the UK ETS Order in a scheme year, the Regulator is the regulator specified in that Order.

Regulator tasksI1111

1

A Regulator must approve an aeroplane operator’s compliance on the basis of satisfactory evidence that the aeroplane operator meets requirements that are at least equal to the applicable standards specified in this Order.

2

A Regulator must, by 30th October in each scheme year, provide the Secretary of State with a list of verification bodies accredited in the part of the United Kingdom for which it is responsible under article 10 containing the required information described in Schedule 5, Table 3.

3

The Secretary of State must submit to ICAO a list of verification bodies which are accredited in the United Kingdom containing the required information described in Schedule 5 , Table 3, and in accordance with the relevant timeline set out in Schedule 1. The Secretary of State may submit updates to this list to ICAO on a more frequent basis.

Record keepingI1212

1

Each aeroplane operator must keep records relevant to the requirements of this Order for a period of 10 years.

2

The Regulator of an aeroplane operator must keep records relevant to that aeroplane operator’s CO₂ emissions per State pair during 2019 and 2020 in order to calculate each aeroplane operator’s offsetting requirements during the 2030-2035 compliance periods. Those records must be kept for the duration of CORSIA and the 5 years following the end of CORSIA.

Compliance periods and timelineI1313

The Secretary of State, and each Regulator and aeroplane operator must comply with the requirements of this Order in accordance with the relevant timeline set out in Schedule 1.

Equivalent proceduresI1414

1

The use, in relation to an aeroplane operator, of equivalent procedures in lieu of the procedures specified in this Order, must be approved by the Secretary of State with the assistance of the Regulator of that aeroplane operator.

2

Equivalent procedures must demonstrably meet the requirements in Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention.

The CAAI1515

1

The CAA must provide such assistance and advice as a Regulator may require in connection with any of the Regulator’s functions under this Order.

2

The CAA is entitled to recover from the Regulator a sum equal to any expense reasonably incurred by it in providing the Regulator with assistance or advice under paragraph (1).

CHAPTER 2Aeroplane operator’s change in circumstances

Change in aeroplane operator’s attribution to a StateI1616

1

Where—

a

an aeroplane operator changes its ICAO Designator, F20Air Operator Certificate or equivalent, or place of its registered office, and is subsequently attributed to a new State in accordance with paragraph 1.2 of Chapter 1, Part II, Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention, but

b

that aeroplane operator is not establishing a new entity or a subsidiary,

this new State must become the State to which the aeroplane operator fulfils its requirements under Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention from the start of the next compliance period.

2

The aeroplane operator must notify the Regulator of any change described in paragraph (1) within 3 months of the change taking effect.

3

An aeroplane operator with a wholly owned subsidiary aeroplane operator that has its registered office in the United Kingdom F21may be treated as a single consolidated aeroplane operator liable for compliance with the requirements of Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention, subject to the approval of the Regulator. Evidence must be provided in the aeroplane operator’s Emissions Monitoring Plan to demonstrate that the subsidiary aeroplane operator is wholly owned.

Change in aeroplane operator’s registered office within the United KingdomI1717

1

Where—

a

an aeroplane operator attributed to the United Kingdom under article 8(1) with a registered office or place of residence in the area of a Regulator, in a scheme year, changes the address of its registered office or place of residence to the area of a different Regulator (“R”), and

b

that aeroplane operator’s registered office or place of residence is in the area of R at the end of the scheme year,

R is the Regulator of that aeroplane operator from the beginning of the next compliance period.

2

Where—

a

an aeroplane operator which did not have a registered office or place of residence in the United Kingdom at the beginning of a scheme year acquires a registered office or place or residence in the United Kingdom in the course of that period, and

b

at the end of that scheme year that registered office or place of residence is in the area of a Regulator (“S”),

S is the Regulator of that aeroplane operator from the beginning of the next compliance period.

3

The aeroplane operator must notify the Regulator of any change described in paragraphs (1) and (2) within 3 months of the change taking effect.

4

In this article, “area” in relation to a Regulator, means—

a

in respect of the Environment Agency, England,

b

in respect of the NRW, Wales,

c

in respect of the SEPA, Scotland, and

d

in respect of the chief inspector, Northern Ireland.

CHAPTER 3Applications, notices, etc.

Submission of applications and notices to RegulatorsI1818

1

This article applies to an application, notice or report submitted to a Regulator under this Order or under an Emissions Monitoring Plan.

2

An application, notice or report—

a

must be in writing, and

b

unless the Regulator agrees otherwise in writing, must be made on a form provided by the Regulator for that purpose.

3

The Regulator must set out in the form—

a

the information required by the Regulator to determine the application, or

b

the matters required to be included in the notice or report.

4

Unless the Regulator agrees otherwise in writing—

a

the form must be submitted to the Regulator electronically and, if the form specifies an email address for submission, to that address, or

b

if the form is provided by the Regulator for submission through a website, the form must be submitted through the website and in accordance with any instructions given for completion and submission.

5

Unless the information has been provided in a previous application made to the Regulator, an application must set out—

a

the name, postal address, including postcode, and telephone number of the applicant, and

b

either—

i

an email address for service, or

ii

a postal address, including postcode, in the United Kingdom for service.

6

Subject to paragraph (7), an application must be accompanied by the charge for the application set out in the charging scheme published under article 43.

7

Where an application is submitted electronically, the charge may be sent to the Regulator separately from the application; and in that case, for the purposes of this Order, the application must be treated as not being received by the Regulator until the charge is also received.

8

An application may be withdrawn at any time before it is determined.

9

A Regulator may, by notice to an applicant, require the applicant to provide such further information specified in the notice, within the period specified, as the Regulator may require in order to determine the application.

10

For the purposes of this Order, the application must be treated as being withdrawn if—

a

the applicant fails to provide that information —

i

before the end of that period, or

ii

on or before such later date as may be agreed with the Regulator, and

b

the Regulator gives notice to the applicant that the application is treated as having been withdrawn.

Determination of applications by RegulatorsI1919

1

Where an application under this Order is made to a Regulator in accordance with the requirements of this Order, the application must be determined by the Regulator within—

a

the timescales set out in Schedule 1, where relevant, or

b

where Schedule 1 does not apply—

i

the period of 2 months beginning with the date on which the application is received, or

ii

such longer period as may be agreed in writing with the applicant.

2

For the purposes of paragraph (1)—

a

an application is determined when notice of the determination is given to the applicant by the Regulator, and

b

in calculating the period of 2 months, no account must be taken of any period beginning with the date on which a notice under article 18(9) is given to the applicant and ending with the date on which the applicant provides the information specified in the notice.

3

Where the Regulator fails to determine an application before the end of the period referred to in paragraph (1)—

a

the applicant may give to the Regulator notice that the applicant treats the application as having been refused, and

b

if such notice is given the application must be treated as having been refused at the end of that period.

Service of notices given by the RegulatorI2020

1

This article applies to a notice given under this Order by the Regulator.

2

The notice must be in writing.

3

The notice may be given to a person in any of the following ways—

a

by delivering it to the person,

b

by sending it to a postal or email address provided by the person for the purpose of the service of notices and not withdrawn for that purpose,

c

by leaving it at the person’s proper address,

d

by sending it by post or electronic means to the person’s proper address,

e

if the person is a body corporate, by giving it to the secretary or clerk of the body in accordance with any of sub-paragraphs (a) to (d), or

f

if the person is a partnership, by giving it to a partner or a person having the control or management of the partnership business in accordance with any of sub-paragraphs (a) to (d).

4

In this article, “proper address” means—

a

in the case of a body corporate—

i

the registered or principal office of the body, or

ii

the email address of the secretary or clerk of the body provided by that body for the purpose of service of notices and not withdrawn for that purpose,

b

in the case of a partnership—

i

the principal office of the partnership, or

ii

the email address of the partner or person having control or management of the partnership business provided by that partnership for the purpose of service of notices and not withdrawn for that purpose, or

c

in any other case, the person’s last known address, including an email address provided by that person for the purpose of service of notices and not withdrawn for that purpose.

5

For the purposes of paragraph (4), where a body corporate registered outside the United Kingdom, or a partnership established outside the United Kingdom, has an office in the United Kingdom, the principal office of the body corporate or partnership is its principal office in the United Kingdom.

6

For the purposes of paragraph (4)(c), where the person is an aeroplane operator, the proper address includes an address derived from information supplied by Eurocontrol21.

PART 3Monitoring, reporting and verification (“MRV”) of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions

CHAPTER 1General

Applicability of MRV requirementsI2121

1

The requirements of this Part apply to an aeroplane operator that produces annual CO₂ emissions greater than 10,000 tonnes from the use of one or more aeroplanes with a maximum certificated take-off mass greater than 5,700 kg conducting international flights.

2

The requirements of this Part apply to a new entrant aeroplane operator from the year after it meets the requirements in paragraph (1).

CHAPTER 2Monitoring of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions

Monitoring of CO₂ emissions: Eligibility of monitoring methodsI2222

1

An aeroplane operator must monitor and record its fuel use from international flights in accordance with an eligible monitoring method set out in paragraphs (3) to (6) for the 2019-2020 period and paragraphs (7) to (12) for the 2021-2035 period, and approved by the Regulator.

2

Following approval and issue of its Emissions Monitoring Plan in accordance with article 24, an aeroplane operator must use the same eligible monitoring method for the entire compliance period22.

2019-2020 period

3

Where an aeroplane operator has, prior to this Order coming into force, accumulated any fuel use during the period of 2019-2020 pursuant to article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/160323, that fuel use data must be used for the purpose of this Order.

4

An aeroplane operator with annual CO₂ emissions from international flights greater than or equal to 500,000 tonnes must use a Fuel Use Monitoring Method set out in Schedule 2.

5

An aeroplane operator with annual CO₂ emissions from international flights of less than 500,000 tonnes must use either a Fuel Use Monitoring Method or the CERT set out in Schedules 2 and 3, respectively.

6

If the aeroplane operator’s annual CO₂ emissions from international flights increases above the threshold of 500,000 tonnes in 2019, the Regulator may permit the aeroplane operator to continue to apply the monitoring method chosen in accordance with paragraph (5) for this period.

2021-2035 period

7

An aeroplane operator, with annual CO₂ emissions from international flights F22subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A of greater than or equal to 50,000 tonnes, must use a Fuel Use Monitoring Method as described in Schedule 2 for these flights. For other international flights, the aeroplane operator must use either a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as described in Schedule 2, or the CERT, as described in Schedule 3.

8

An aeroplane operator, with annual CO₂ emissions from international flights F23subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A of less than 50,000 tonnes, must use either a Fuel Use Monitoring Method or the CERT as described in Schedules 2 and 3, respectively.

9

If an aeroplane operator’s annual CO₂ emissions from international flights F24subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A, increases above the threshold of 50,000 tonnes in a given year (y), and also in year (y+1)25, the aeroplane operator must—

a

submit an updated Emissions Monitoring Plan by 30th September of year (y + 2)26, and

b

change to a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as set out in Schedule 2, on 1st January of year (y + 3)27.

10

If an aeroplane operator’s annual CO₂ emissions from international flights F25subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A decreases below the threshold of 50,000 tonnes in a given year (y), and also in year (y + 1), the aeroplane operator may change monitoring method on 1st January of year (y + 3).

11

Where an aeroplane operator chooses to change its monitoring method under paragraph (10)28, it must submit an updated Emissions Monitoring Plan by 30th September of year (y + 2).

12

Where the aeroplane operator has, prior to this Order coming into force, accumulated any fuel use during 2021 pursuant to article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 in conjunction with article 24 of the UK ETS Order, that fuel use data must be used for the purpose of this OrderF26.

Emissions Monitoring PlanI2323

1

An aeroplane operator must submit an Emissions Monitoring Plan to the Regulator for approval by the Regulator. The Emissions Monitoring Plan must contain the information set out in Schedule 4.

2

Where an aeroplane operator has, prior to this Order coming into force, established an approved Emissions Monitoring Plan pursuant to article 3 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/160329, a Regulator must, before 30th June 2021, approve and issue an Emissions Monitoring Plan to that aeroplane operator in the same terms, subject to any variation required to comply with this Order.

3

A new entrant aeroplane operator must submit an Emissions Monitoring Plan to the Regulator for approval and issue within 3 months of falling within the scope of applicability set out in article 21. The Emissions Monitoring Plan must contain the information specified in Schedule 4.

Issue of Emissions Monitoring PlansI2424

1

If an aeroplane operator submits an Emissions Monitoring Plan for approval by the Regulator in accordance with article 23, a Regulator must approve and issue the Emissions Monitoring Plan F28by notice to the aeroplane operator unless—

a

the Regulator is not satisfied that the application complies with the requirements of this OrderF27, and

b

the aeroplane operator has not agreed to amendments of the application required to satisfy the Regulator that the application does so comply.

2

An Emissions Monitoring Plan issued under paragraph (1) replaces any Emissions Monitoring Plan previously issued to the aeroplane operator.

3

An F29Emissions Monitoring Plan may contain any conditions the Regulator considers necessary to give proper effect to the requirements of this Order.

4

An aeroplane operator must comply with any condition included in its Emissions Monitoring Plan.

Refusal of application for Emissions Monitoring PlansI2525

1

If a Regulator refuses an application for an Emissions Monitoring Plan, the Regulator must give notice to the applicant.

2

A notice under paragraph (1) must state—

a

the reasons for the decisionF30, and

b

if amendments of the application are required in order for an Emissions Monitoring Plan to be issued, the nature of those amendments.

3

An aeroplane operator F31which is given a notice under paragraph (1) must make a revised application to the Regulator before the end of the period of 31 days beginning with the day that the notice was given.

4

Article 24 and this article apply to a revised application under paragraph (3) as they apply to the original application, but for the purposes of such a revised application, the references to the period of 2 months in article 19 are to be read as references to a period of 24 days.

Modification of the Emissions Monitoring PlanI2626

1

An aeroplane operator must notify the Regulator of any proposals for modification of its Emissions Monitoring Plan.

2

The aeroplane operator must resubmit the Emissions Monitoring Plan to the Regulator for approval if a material change is made to the information contained within the Emissions Monitoring Plan.

3

A material change is a change to the information presented in the Emissions Monitoring Plan that would—

a

affect the status or eligibility of the aeroplane operator for an option under the emissions monitoring requirements, or

b

otherwise affect the decision by the Regulator with regard to whether the aeroplane operator’s approach to monitoring conforms with the requirements.

4

The aeroplane operator must also resubmit the Emissions Monitoring Plan in the event of a change to the information presented in the plan that—

a

arises from a change in the availability of data, due to the use of new types of measuring instrument, sampling methods or analysis methods, or for other reasons, which leads to higher accuracy in the determination of emissions,

b

has been found to be incorrect under the data monitoring methodology applied previously,

c

would improve the accuracy of the reported data, unless this is technically not feasible or incurs unreasonable costs, or

d

is necessary to respond to the suggestions for improvement of the monitoring plan contained in a F33Verification Report.

5

An aeroplane operator must also inform the Regulator of changes that would affect the Regulator’s oversight, such as a change in corporate name or address, even if the changes do not fall within the definition of a material change30.

F326

A Regulator may, by giving notice to an aeroplane operator, vary the aeroplane operator’s Emissions Monitoring Plan, including by the modification, addition or removal of a condition, if the Regulator considers it necessary to do so in order to give proper effect to this Order.

Approval of modification of the Emissions Monitoring PlanI2727

F341

A Regulator may allow an aeroplane operator to notify modifications of the Emissions Monitoring Plan that are not significant, without such modifications being the subject of the Regulator’s approval.

2

Any significant modification of the Emissions Monitoring Plan must be subject to approval F35by notice by a Regulator.

3

Where the Regulator considers a modification not to be significant, it must inform the aeroplane operator without undue delay.

4

Significant changes to the Emissions Monitoring Plan include—

a

change of emission factor values laid down in the Emissions Monitoring Plan,

b

a change between the calculation methods referred to in Schedule 2,

c

the introduction of new source streams,

d

changes in the status of the aeroplane operator with regard to one of the thresholds specified in article 5 or 22(7) to (12).

Calculation of CO₂ emissions from aeroplane fuel useI2828

1

An aeroplane operator must apply a fuel density value to calculate fuel mass where the amount of fuel uplift is determined in units of volume.

2

The aeroplane operator must record the fuel density, which may be an actual or a standard value of 0.8 kg per litre, that is used for operational and safety reasons such as in an operational, flight or technical log.

3

The procedure for informing the use of actual or standard density must be detailed in the Emissions Monitoring Plan along with a reference to the relevant aeroplane operator documentation31.

4

An aeroplane operator using a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as set out in Schedule 2, must determine the CO₂ emissions from international flights using the following equation—

C O_{2} = \sum_{f} M_{f} * F C F_{f}

where—

CO₂ = CO₂ emissions in tonnes32F36,
M_f = Mass of fuel f used in tonnesF36, and
FCF_f = Fuel conversion factor of given fuel f.

5

The fuel conversion factor referred to in paragraph (4) is equal to—

a

3.16 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for Jet-A fuel,

b

3.10 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for AvGas, or

c

3.10 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for Jet-B fuel.

Monitoring of CORSIA eligible fuels claimsI2929

1

An aeroplane operator that intends to claim for emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels must use a CORSIA eligible fuel that meets the CORSIA Sustainability Criteria as defined within the ICAO document entitled, “CORSIA Sustainability Criteria for Sustainable Aviation Fuels”33.

2

An aeroplane operator that intends to claim for emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels must only use CORSIA eligible fuels from fuel producers that are certified by an approved Sustainable Certification Scheme included in the ICAO document entitled, “CORSIA Approved Sustainability Certification Schemes”34.

3

If the aeroplane operator cannot demonstrate the compliance of the CORSIA eligible fuel with the CORSIA Sustainability Criteria, it must not be accounted for as a CORSIA eligible fuel.

Calculation of emissions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuelsF3730

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 3Reporting of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions

Aeroplane operator reportingI3031

1

An aeroplane operator must submit to the Regulator a copy of its verified Emissions Report for approval by the Regulator and a copy of the associated Verification Report in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1.

2

The Regulator must decide on the level of aggregation, being State pair or aerodrome pair, for which an aeroplane operator must report the number of international flights in accordance with Field 7 in Table 1 in Schedule 5, and CO₂ emissions in accordance with Field 8 in that Table. F38The Regulator must notify the aeroplane operator of its decision and inform the aeroplane operator whether Fields 7 and 8 in the Emissions Report must be reported at the level of State pair or aerodrome pair during the approval process for its Emissions Monitoring Plan.

3

An Emissions Report must contain the information set out in Table 1 of Schedule 5. An aeroplane operator that uses the CERT is not required to report Field 5 in Table 1.

4

When an aeroplane operator reports its consolidated CO₂ emissions from international flights during the 2019-2020 period, including those of subsidiary aeroplane operators, disaggregated data relating to each subsidiary aeroplane operator must be appended to the main Emissions Report.

5

In specific circumstances where an aeroplane operator operates a very limited number of flights between State pairs, it may submit a written request to the Regulator that such data not be published at the aeroplane operator level, as set out in Tables 4 and 5 of Schedule 5, explaining the reasons why disclosure would harm its commercial interests.

6

Based on this request, the Regulator must determine whether this data is confidential F39and notify the requester.

7

In specific circumstances where aggregated State pair data may be attributed to an identified aeroplane operator as a result of a very limited number of aeroplane operators conducting flights on a State pair, that aeroplane operator may request in writing to the Regulator that such data not be published at State pair level, explaining the reasons why disclosure would harm their commercial interests F40and notify the requester.

8

Based on this request, the Regulator must determine whether this data is confidential.

Reporting of CORSIA eligible fuelsI3132

1

An aeroplane operator must subtract CORSIA eligible fuels traded or sold to a third party from its total reported quantity of CORSIA eligible fuels.

2

The aeroplane operator must provide to the Regulator a declaration of all other GHG schemes it participates in where the emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels may be claimed, and a declaration that it has not made claims for the same batches of CORSIA eligible fuel under these other schemes.

3

To claim emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels in the Emissions Report, the aeroplane operator must provide to the Regulator the information described in Table 2 of Schedule 5, within a given compliance period for all CORSIA eligible fuel received by a blender by the end of that compliance period.

4

The information provided is through to the blend point, and includes information received from both the neat (unblended) fuel producer and the fuel blender.

5

If the aeroplane operator purchases fuel from a supplier downstream from the fuel blender, such as a distributor, another aeroplane operator, or an aerodrome-based fuel distributor, this fuel supplier must provide to the aeroplane operator all of the requisite documentation in order for the emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels to be claimed by the aeroplane operator in accordance with articles 29 and F4141C.

Reporting to ICAOI3233

1

The Regulator must calculate and F42notify each of the aeroplane operators that are attributed to it of their average total CO₂ emissions during 2019 and 2020, in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1.

2

F43The Regulator must provide the Secretary of State with the required information regarding CO₂ emissions specified in paragraph (1) and any F44reported information determined to be confidential in accordance with article 31(6) or (8).

3

The Secretary of State must submit a report covering those emissions for aeroplane operators administered in the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1. This report must contain the information set out in Tables 4, 5 and 6 in Schedule 5, when applicable.

4

The Secretary of State must inform ICAO of any reported data deemed confidential in accordance with article 31(6) and (8).

5

All aeroplane operator data which are deemed confidential in accordance with article 31(6) and (8) must be aggregated without attribution to any specific aeroplane operator, and included within the ICAO document entitled, “CORSIA Central Registry (CCR): Information and Data for Transparency”38.

CHAPTER 4Verification of CO₂ emissions

Verification body and national accreditation bodyI3334

1

A verification body must be accredited as complying with the standards specified in ISO 14065:2013 and the requirements in paragraph 2 of Schedule 6 by a national accreditation body, in order to be eligible to verify the Emissions Report of an aeroplane operator.

2

A national accreditation body must be working in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011:2004.

Annual verification of an aeroplane operator’s Emissions ReportI3435

1

An aeroplane operator must engage a verification body for the verification of its annual Emissions Report.

2

A verification body must conduct the verification according to ISO 14064-3:2006, and the relevant requirements in paragraph 3 of Schedule 6.

3

Following the verification of the Emissions Report by the verification body, the aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, a copy of the Emissions Report and associated Verification Report to the Regulator, in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1.

4

The Regulator must perform an order of magnitude check of the Emissions Report in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1 to assess the completeness of the data provided in that report.

5

To facilitate order of magnitude checks and ensure the completeness of reported data, and where necessary to support the implementation of the requirements in this Order, the Regulator may agree to share with another State’s regulator, specific data and information contained in an aeroplane operator’s Emissions Report where that aeroplane operator performs flights to and from the State of the requesting regulator.

6

The Regulator must inform any relevant aeroplane operator about such a request for that information.

7

In the absence of an agreement between the two States, this information must not be disclosed to third parties.

8

A Regulator must provide the name of the verification body used to verify an Emissions Report on being asked for the disclosure of information by the regulator of another State.

Verification of sustainable aviation fuelsI3536

1

Fuel purchases, transaction reports, fuel blending records and sustainability credentials must constitute the documentary proof for the purpose of verification and approval of emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels.

2

An aeroplane operator must ensure that it, or its designated representative, has audit rights over the production records for the CORSIA eligible fuels that it purchases39.

CHAPTER 5Data management and control

Data gapsI3637

1

An aeroplane operator using a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as described in Schedule 2, must fill data gaps using the CERT, as described in Schedule 3, provided that the data gaps during a compliance period do not exceed the following thresholds—

a

2019-2020 period: 5 per cent of international flightsF45,

b

2021-2035 period: 5 per cent of international flights between State Pairs defined in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs”40.

2

The aeroplane operator must correct issues identified with the data and information management system in a timely manner to mitigate ongoing data gaps and system weaknesses.

3

If the aeroplane operator realises it has data gaps and system weaknesses that exceed the threshold in paragraph (1), it must engage with the Regulator to take remedial action to address this.

4

When the threshold is exceeded, the aeroplane operator must state the percentage of international flights for the 2019-2020 period, or flights F46subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A for the 2021-2035 period, that had data gaps, and provide an explanation to the Regulator in its annual Emissions Report.

5

The aeroplane operator must fill all data gaps and correct systematic errors and misstatements prior to the submission of the Emissions Report.

6

If an aeroplane operator does not provide its annual Emissions Report in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1, the Regulator must engage with the aeroplane operator to obtain the necessary information. If this proves unsuccessful, the Regulator must estimate the aeroplane operator’s annual emissions using the best available information and tools, such as the CERT as described in Schedule 3 F47, and notify the aeroplane operator of its estimate.

F487

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Error correction to Emissions ReportsI3738

1

If an error in an aeroplane operator’s reported emissions is identified by the Regulator, the verification body or the aeroplane operator after the reported CO₂ emissions have been submitted to ICAO in accordance with the timeline set out in Schedule 1, the Regulator must update the reported CO₂ emissions to address the error.

2

The Regulator must assess any implications with respect to the aeroplane operator’s offsetting requirements in previous years and, if necessary, make an adjustment to compensate for the error during the compliance period in which the error has been identified.

3

A Regulator must report to the Secretary of State any error in an aeroplane operator’s CO₂ emissions and the follow-up result of the related adjustment.

4

The Secretary of State must report an error in an aeroplane operator’s CO₂ emissions and the follow-up result of the related adjustment to ICAO.

Reporting on improvements to the monitoring methodologyI3839

1

An aeroplane operator must regularly check whether the monitoring methodology applied can be improved.

2

Where the F49Verification Report states outstanding non-conformities, the aeroplane operator must submit to the Regulator for approval a report on improvements by 30th June of the year in which that F49Verification Report is issued by the verification body. That report on improvements must describe how and when the aeroplane operator has rectified, or plans to rectify, the non-conformities identified by the verification body and to implement recommended improvements.

3

The Regulator may set an alternative date for submission of the report on improvements as referred to in paragraph (2), but no later date than 30th September in the same year. Where applicable, such report on improvements may be combined with the report referred to in paragraph (2).

4

Where recommended improvements would not lead to an improvement of the monitoring methodology, the aeroplane operator must provide a justification for why that is the case. Where the recommended improvements would incur unreasonable costs, the aeroplane operator must provide evidence of the unreasonable nature of the costs.

5

Paragraphs (2) to (4) do not apply where an aeroplane operator has already resolved all non-conformities and recommendations for improvement and has submitted related modifications of the Emissions Monitoring Plan to the Regulator for approval in accordance with article 26 before the date set in paragraph (2), subject to the alternative date set in paragraph (3).

Rounding of dataI3940

1

Total annual emissions must be reported as tonnes of CO₂ rounded to the nearest whole number.

2

Unless otherwise provided in this Order, all variables used to calculate the emissions must be rounded to the nearest whole number for the purpose of calculating and reporting emissions.

Electronic data exchange and use of automated systemsI4041

1

The Regulator may require verification bodies to use electronic templates or specific file formats for F50Verification Reports.

2

Standardised electronic templates or file format specifications may be made available for further types of communication between the aeroplane operator, Regulator, verification bodies and national accreditation body.

F1PART 3ACO₂ offsetting requirements from international flights and emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels

Annotations:

Amendments (Textual)

Pt. 3A inserted (9.11.2022) by The Air Navigation (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) (Amendment) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/1050), arts. 1, 22

CHAPTER 1Offsetting

Applicability of CO₂ offsetting requirements41A

1

For the period of 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021, the offsetting requirements of this Part apply to an aeroplane operator with international flights between States as defined in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs”.

2

This Part does not apply to a new entrant aeroplane operator for three years starting in the year when it meets the requirements in articles 21(1), or until its annual CO₂ emissions exceed 0.1 per cent of total CO₂ emissions from international flights in 2020, whichever occurs earlier.

3

The Regulator must calculate the aeroplane operator’s annual offsetting requirements based on the data reported in accordance with Part 3, the applicability requirements in this article, and the application of articles 41B and 41C.

CO₂offsetting requirements41B

1

The Regulator must calculate, for each of the aeroplane operators administered by it, the amount of CO₂ emissions required to be offset for the period from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021 prior to consideration of the CORSIA eligible fuels, as follows—

where—

OR_y= Aeroplane operator’s offsetting requirements in the given year y,
OE = Aeroplane operator’s CO₂emissions calculated in accordance with article 41A(3) in the given year y, and
SGF_y = Sector’s Growth Factor for the given year y.

2

The Regulator must, upon calculating the offsetting requirements in a given year (OR_y) of each of the aeroplane operators administered by it for the purposes of this Order, inform the aeroplane operator of its offsetting requirements by notice according to the timeline set out in Schedule 1.

Emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels41C

1

An aeroplane operator that intends to claim for emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels in a given year must compute those emissions reductions as follows—

where—

ER_y = Emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels in the given year y, in tonnes,
FCF = Fuel conversion factor,
MS_f,y = Total mass of a neat CORSIA eligible fuel claimed in the given year y, in tonnes, as described in and required by Field 12(b) in Table 1 of Schedule 5,
LS_f = Life cycle emissions value for a CORSIA eligible fuel, in gCO₂e/MJ, and
LC = Baseline life cycle emissions values for aviation fuel, equal to 89 gCO₂e/MJ for jet fuel and equal to 95 gCO₂e/MJ for AvGas.

2

The fuel conversion factor referred to in paragraph (1) is equal to—

a

3.16 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for Jet-A fuel/Jet A1 fuel,

b

3.10 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for AvGas, or

c

3.10 (in kg CO₂/kg fuel) for Jet-B fuel.

3

If a default life cycle emissions value is used, the aeroplane operator must use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Default Life Cycle Emissions Values for CORSIA Eligible Fuels” for the calculation in paragraph (1).

4

If an actual life cycle emissions value is used an approved Sustainability Certification Scheme must ensure that the methodology set out in the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Methodology for Calculating Actual Life Cycle Emissions Values” has been applied correctly.

PART 4Charging

ChargesI4142

1

A Regulator may charge an aeroplane operator or any other person an amount as a means of recovering costs incurred by the Regulator in performing activities in accordance with or by virtue of this Order.

2

The activities referred to in paragraph (1) include—

a

giving advice in relation to an application under or by virtue of this Order or any other advice in relation to the operation of CORSIA,

b

considering an application under or by virtue of this Order,

c

issuing or varying an F51Emissions Monitoring Plan,

d

giving any notice or other document provided for by or under this Order,

e

receiving any notice or other document provided for by or under this Order,

f

monitoring compliance with this Order.

3

A charge under paragraph (1) may include an annual or other periodic charge to an aeroplane operator that does not relate to any specific activity.

4

A Regulator may apply different charges for—

a

the same activity, and

b

different categories of person in relation to the same activity.

5

Payment of a charge is not received until the Regulator has cleared funds for the full amount due and a charge, if unpaid, may be recovered by the Regulator as a civil debt.

6

A Regulator may require a charge to be paid before it carries out the activity to which the charge relates.

7

If a Regulator does not require a charge to be paid in accordance with paragraph (6) it is payable on demand.

8

A Regulator is not required to reimburse a charge where—

a

an activity is not completed, or

b

the person liable to pay the charge does not remain within the scheme for all of the period in relation to which the charge is payable or has been calculated.

Approval, publication and revision of chargesI4243

1

A Regulator must publish a document (“charging scheme”) setting out the charges payable in accordance with article 42(1) or how they will be calculated.

2

Before publishing a charging scheme, the Regulator must—

a

bring its proposals to the attention of the persons likely to be affected by them,

b

allow persons likely to be affected by the proposals to submit representations on, or objections to, them, and

c

specify the period within which representations or objections to the proposals may be made.

3

A charging scheme cannot be published unless it has been approved—

a

in the case of proposals by the Environment Agency, by the Secretary of StateF52,

b

in the case of proposals by SEPA, by the Scottish MinistersF52,

c

in the case of proposals by NRW, by the Welsh MinistersF52,

d

in the case of proposals by the chief inspector, by the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs41.

4

Where a proposed charging scheme has been submitted for approval under paragraph (3), the appropriate national authority—

a

must consider any representations or objections made under paragraph (2)(b), and

b

may make such modifications to the proposal as it considers appropriate.

5

If a Regulator proposes to revise a charging scheme in a material way, paragraphs (2) to (4) apply to the revised charging document.

6

Paragraphs (2) to (5) do not apply to a charging scheme prepared and published by the Secretary of State.

Remittance of chargesI4344

1

The Environment Agency must pay the Secretary of State any charge received by it.

2

SEPA must pay the Scottish Ministers any charge received by it.

3

NRW must pay the Welsh Ministers any charge received by it.

4

The chief inspector must pay the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs any charge received by it.

PART 5Compliance monitoring

Authorised personsI4445

1

A Regulator may authorise a person to exercise, on behalf of the Regulator and in accordance with the terms of the authorisation, the Regulator’s powers set out in this Part.

2

In this Part, “authorised person” means a person authorised under paragraph (1).

InspectionsI4546

1

A Regulator or authorised person may, at a reasonable time, inspect any premises and any thing in or on those premises in order to monitor compliance with this Order.

2

Reasonable prior notice must be given before exercising the powers in this article.

3

A person in control of the premises to which the Regulator or authorised person reasonably requires access must allow the Regulator or authorised person to have such access.

4

The Regulator or authorised person may, when inspecting premises—

a

make any such examination and investigation as may be necessary,

b

install or maintain monitoring equipment or other apparatus,

c

request the production of any record,

d

take measurements, photographs, recordings or copies of anything,

e

take samples of any articles or substances found in, or on, the premises and of the air, water or land in, on, or in the vicinity of, those premises,

f

request any person at the premises to provide facilities or assistance to the extent that is within that person’s control.

5

Except to the extent agreed by the person in control of a place or premises, the power referred to in paragraph (1) does not apply to—

a

a prohibited place F95within the meaning of Part 1 of the National Security Act 2023, or

b

any other premises to which the Crown restricts access on the ground of national security.

Powers of entry, etc.I4647

1

A Regulator or an authorised person may—

a

enter any premises with a warrant issued in accordance with article 48, together with any equipment or material as may be requiredF53,

b

when entering premises by virtue of sub-paragraph (a)—

i

be accompanied by an authorised person and, if considered appropriate, a constableF53,

ii

direct that any part of the premises be left undisturbed for so long as may be necessaryF53,

c

require any person believed to be able to give information relevant to an examination or investigation—

i

to attend at a place and time specified by the Regulator or authorised personF53,

ii

to answer questions, in the absence of any person other than those whom the Regulator or authorised person allows to be present and a person nominated by the person being asked questionsF53,

iii

to sign a declaration of truth of the answers given by that personF53,

d

require the production of—

i

records required to be kept under this OrderF53,

ii

other records which the Regulator or authorised person considers it necessary to see for the purpose of an examination or investigationF53,

iii

entries in a record referred to in this sub-paragraphF53,

e

inspect and take copies of the records and entries referred to in sub-paragraph (d).

2

The powers in paragraph (1) may only be exercised where the Regulator or an authorised person reasonably believes that there has been a failure to comply with the requirements of this Order.

3

Except to the extent agreed by the person in control of a place or premises, the powers referred to in paragraph (1) do not apply in relation to—

a

a prohibited place F96within the meaning of Part 1 of the National Security Act 2023F53, or

b

any other premises to which the Crown restricts access on the ground of national security.

4

It is an offence for a person—

a

to fail to comply with a requirement imposed pursuant to this articleF53, or

b

to prevent any other person from—

i

appearing before a Regulator or an authorised personF53, or

ii

answering a question to which the Regulator or authorised person requires an answer.

5

A person guilty of an offence under paragraph (4) is liable—

a

on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fineF53,

b

on summary conviction in Scotland or in Northern Ireland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximumF53,

c

on conviction on indictment, to a fine.

WarrantsI4748

1

A judge may by warrant authorise a Regulator F55or an authorised person to exercise the power in article 47(1)(a), in accordance with the warrant, where satisfied that—

a

there are reasonable grounds for the exercise of the powerF54, and

b

one or more of the conditions in paragraph (2) are fulfilled in relation to the premises.

2

The conditions referred to in paragraph (1)(b) are that—

a

the exercise of the power by consent in relation to the premises has been refusedF54,

b

a refusal of consent to the exercise of the power is reasonably expectedF54,

c

the premises are unoccupiedF54,

d

the occupier is temporarily absent from the premises and the case is one of urgencyF54,

e

a request for admission to the premises would defeat the purpose of the entry.

3

A warrant in accordance with this article continues to have effect until the purpose for which it was issued has been fulfilled.

4

In paragraph (1), “judge” means—

a

F56in England and Wales, a justice of the peaceF54,

b

in Northern Ireland, a lay magistrateF54, or

c

in Scotland, a justice of the peace or sheriff.

Admissible evidenceI4849

1

An answer given by a person in compliance with article 47(1)(c)(ii) is admissible in evidence—

a

in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, against that person in any proceedingsF57,

b

in Scotland, against that person in criminal proceedings.

2

In criminal proceedings in which the person referred to in paragraph (1) is charged with an offence, no evidence relating to the person’s answer may be adduced and no question relating to it may be asked by, or on behalf of, the prosecution unless evidence relating to it has been adduced by, or on behalf of, the person.

3

Paragraph (2) does not apply to an offence under—

a

section 5 of the Perjury Act 191143F57,

b

section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 199544F57, or

c

article 10 of the Perjury (Northern Ireland) Order 197945.

Information noticesI4950

1

A Regulator may, by giving a notice (an “information notice”) to a person, require the person to provide information for purposes connected with the exercise of functions under this Order.

2

The information notice must set out—

a

the information to be providedF58,

b

the form in which the information must be providedF58,

c

the period within which or the time when the information must be providedF58, and

d

the place where the information must be provided.

3

The information that a person may be required to provide includes information that, although it is not in the person’s possession or it would not otherwise come into the person’s possession, is information that it is reasonable to require the person to obtain or compile for the purpose of complying with the information notice.

Legal professional privilegeI5051

Nothing in this Part requires any person to produce a document which that person would be entitled to withhold the production of on grounds of legal professional privilege.

PART 6Enforcement

Enforcement noticesI5152

1

Where a Regulator considers that a person has contravened, is contravening or is likely to contravene a relevant requirement, the Regulator may give notice (an “enforcement notice”) to the person.

2

In paragraph (1), “relevant requirement” means—

a

a requirement imposed on the person by or under this Order, or

b

a condition of an F59Emissions Monitoring Plan.

3

An enforcement notice must set out—

a

the relevant requirement that the Regulator considers to have been contravened, is being contravened or is likely to be contravened,

b

details of the contravention or likely contravention,

c

the steps that must be taken to remedy the contravention or to ensure that a contravention does not occur,

d

the period within which the steps must be taken, and

e

information about rights of appeal.

4

The person to whom the enforcement notice is given must comply with the requirements of the notice within the period set out in the notice.

5

The Regulator may withdraw an enforcement notice at any time by giving notice of the withdrawal to the person to whom the enforcement notice is given.

Penalty noticesI5253

1

Where a Regulator considers that a person is liable to a civil penalty under any of articles 55 to 63 the Regulator may impose a civil penalty on the person.

2

A civil penalty is imposed on a person by giving a notice (a “penalty notice”) to the person.

3

Where the civil penalty to which the person is liable consists of a non-escalating penalty only, or where the civil penalty consists of both a non-escalating penalty and a daily penalty but the Regulator decides not to impose a daily penalty, the penalty notice must set out—

a

the grounds for liability,

b

the amount of the non-escalating penalty and, where relevant, how the amount is calculated,

c

the date by which the non-escalating penalty must be paid, which must not be less than 28 days after the day on which the notice is given,

d

the person to whom payment must be made, which must be either the Regulator or the appropriate national authority,

e

how payment may be made, and

f

information about rights of appeal.

4

Where the civil penalty to which the person is liable consists of both a non-escalating penalty and a daily penalty and the Regulator considers that it may wish to impose a daily penalty, the Regulator must, before giving a penalty notice to the person, first give a notice (an “initial notice”) to the person.

5

The initial notice must set out—

a

the grounds for liability,

b

the maximum amount of the non-escalating penalty that may be imposed,

c

that the daily penalty that may be imposed begins to accrue on the day on which the initial notice is given, and

d

the maximum daily rate of the daily penalty and the maximum amount of the daily penalty that may be imposed.

6

Where, after an initial notice is given to a person, the Regulator considers that the total amount of the daily penalty to which the person is liable can be calculated, including where the daily penalty reaches its maximum amount, the Regulator may give a penalty notice to the person.

7

The penalty notice must set out—

a

the grounds for liability,

b

the amount of the civil penalty, including how the amount is calculated, which may include—

i

a non-escalating penalty, and

ii

a daily penalty,

c

the date by which the civil penalty must be paid, which must not be less than 28 days after the day on which the notice is given,

d

the person to whom payment must be made, which must be either the Regulator or the appropriate national authority,

e

how payment may be made, and

f

information about rights of appeal.

8

The person to whom a penalty notice is given must pay the civil penalty set out in the notice to the person set out in the notice on or before the date specified in the notice.

9

A civil penalty imposed by a penalty notice is recoverable by the Regulator as a civil debt.

10

A Regulator must, as soon as reasonably practicable—

a

inform the appropriate national authority of a penalty notice given by the Regulator, and

b

pay all sums received or recovered under a penalty notice to the appropriate national authority.

11

In this article—

“appropriate national authority” means—
1. a
  in the case of a penalty notice given by the chief inspector, the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs,
2. b
  in the case of a penalty notice given by SEPA, the Scottish Ministers,
3. c
  in the case of a penalty notice given by NRW, the Welsh Ministers,
4. d
  in any other case, the Secretary of State,
“daily penalty” means a daily penalty set out in articles 55(2)(b), 56(2)(b), 57(2)(b), 58(2)(b), 60(2)(b) or 61(2)(b),
“non-escalating penalty” means a civil penalty under articles 55 to 63 that is not a daily penalty.

12

This article is subject to article 54.

Penalty notices: supplementaryI5354

1

A penalty notice imposing a civil penalty under any of articles 55 to 63 (the “relevant provision”) may set out—

a

a non-escalating penalty of an amount lower than the amount referred to in the relevant provision,

b

where the civil penalty consists of both a non-escalating penalty and a daily penalty—

i

a daily penalty based on a daily rate of an amount lower than the amount referred to in the relevant provision, or

ii

no daily penalty.

2

F60... The Regulator may, by giving notice to the person to whom a penalty notice is given—

a

extend the date for which a payment set out in the penalty notice is due,

b

amend the penalty notice by substituting a lower non-escalating penalty or a daily penalty based on a lower daily rate, or

c

withdraw the penalty notice.

F613

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Failure to apply or make revised application for approval of Emissions Monitoring PlanI5455

1

An aeroplane operator is liable to a civil penalty where the aeroplane operator fails—

a

to apply, or to apply on time, to a Regulator for the approval of an Emissions Monitoring Plan, contrary to article 23F62, or

b

to make a revised application, or to make a revised application on time, for the approval of an Emissions Monitoring Plan, where required to do so under article 26(2).

2

The civil penalty is—

a

£20,000F62, and

b

a daily penalty at a daily rate of £500 for each day that the application is not submitted or, as the case may be, the revised application is not resubmitted, beginning with the day on which the initial notice set out in article 53(4) is given, up to a maximum of £45,000.

Failure to comply with condition of Emissions Monitoring PlanI5556

1

An F63aeroplane operator is liable to a civil penalty where the F63aeroplane operator fails to comply, or to comply on time, with a condition of an Emissions Monitoring Plan, contrary to article 24(4).

2

The civil penalty is—

a

£20,000, and

b

a daily penalty at a daily rate of £500 for each day that the person fails to comply with the condition, beginning with the day on which the initial notice under article 53(4) is given, up to a maximum of £45,000.

Failure to monitor emissionsI5657

1

An aeroplane operator is liable to a civil penalty where the aeroplane operator fails to monitor emissions in accordance with its Emissions Monitoring Plan.

2

The civil penalty is—

a

£20,000F64, and

b

a daily penalty at a daily rate of £500 for each day that the person fails to monitor aviation emissions in accordance with article 22(1), beginning with the day on which the initial notice under article 53(4) is given, up to a maximum of £45,000.

Failure to report emissionsI5758

1

An aeroplane operator is liable to a civil penalty where the aeroplane operator fails to submit, or to submit on time, a verified Emissions Report to a Regulator, contrary to article 31(1).

2

The civil penalty is—

a

£20,000F65, and

b

a daily penalty at a daily rate of £500 for each day that the report is not submitted, beginning with the day on which the initial notice under article 53(4) is given, up to a maximum of £45,000.

Failure to keep recordsI5859

A person is liable to a civil penalty of £50,000 where the person fails to keep the appropriate records in accordance with article 12(1).

Failure to comply with enforcement notice given by a RegulatorI5960

1

A person is liable to a civil penalty where the person fails to comply, or to comply on time, with the requirements of an enforcement notice given by a Regulator under article 52(1).

2

The civil penalty is—

a

£20,000F66, and

b

a daily penalty at a daily rate of £1,000 for each day that the person fails to comply with the requirements of the notice, beginning with the day on which the initial notice under article 53(4) is given, up to a maximum of £45,000.

Failure to comply with information noticeI6061

1

A person is liable to a civil penalty where the person fails to comply, or to comply on time, with the requirements of an information notice given by a Regulator under article 50(1).

2

The civil penalty is—

a

£5,000F67, and

b

a daily penalty at a daily rate of £500 for each day that the person fails to comply with the requirements of the information notice, beginning with the day on which the initial notice under article 53(4) is given, up to a maximum of £45,000.

Providing false or misleading information, etc.I6162

A person is liable to a civil penalty of £50,000 where the person provides false or misleading information, or makes a statement that is false or misleading in a material respect, where the information is provided, or the statement is made—

a

in an application under this OrderF68,

b

in compliance with a notice given to the person under this OrderF68,

c

in a notice that the person is required to give under this OrderF68,

d

in compliance with a condition of an approved Emissions Monitoring PlanF68,

e

in an Emissions Report.

Inspection: refusal to allow access to premisesI6263

A person in control of premises is liable to a civil penalty of £50,000 where the person does not allow a Regulator or authorised person, within the meaning of article 45, access to the premises contrary to article 46(3).

PART 7Appeals

InterpretationI6364

In this Part—

“appeal body” has the meaning given by article 66,
“decision” includes a deemed refusal under this Order.

Right of appealI6465

1

The following may appeal to the appeal body—

a

a person who is aggrieved by a decision of a Regulator determining an application made by that person under this OrderF69,

b

a person who is aggrieved by a notice given to that person, under a provision referred to in paragraph (2).

2

Those provisions are—

a

Article 18(10) (application to be treated as being withdrawn),

b

Article 19(1) (determination of applications by Regulators),

c

Article 24(3) (conditions imposed on Emissions Monitoring Plan)

d

Article 25(1) (refusal of modification of an Emissions Monitoring Plan),

e

Article F7026(6) (modification of an Emissions Monitoring Plan),

F71ea

Article 27(2) (approval of modification of the Emissions Monitoring Plan),

f

Article 31(2) (determination of level of aggregation by Regulator),

g

F73Article 31(6) or (8) (determination of confidential nature of information),

h

Article 33(1) (calculation of reportable emissions by Regulator),

i

Article 37(6) (estimation of reportable emissions by Regulator),

F72ia

Article 41B(2) (CO₂ offsetting requirements),

j

Article 50(1) (information notices),

k

Article 52(1) (enforcement notices), or

l

F74Article 53(2) or (6) (penalty notices).

Appeal bodyI6566

1

In an appeal against a decision of SEPA, the appeal body is the Scottish Land Court46.

2

In an appeal against a decision of the chief inspector, the appeal body is the F75Planning Appeals Commissions (Northern Ireland).

3

In an appeal against any other decision, the appeal body is the First-tier Tribunal48.

Effect of appealsI6667

1

Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the bringing of an appeal under article 65 suspends the effect of the decision pending the final determination or withdrawal of the appeal.

2

The bringing of an appeal does not suspend the effect of—

a

a decision refusing an application,

b

a deemed refusal of an application, or

F76c

a notice under—

i

article 26(6) (modification of an Emissions Monitoring Plan),

ii

article 27(2) (approval of modification of the Emissions Monitoring Plan), or

iii

article 52(1) (enforcement notices).

3

Where an Emissions Monitoring Plan has been approved under article 24, the bringing of an appeal against the conditions included in the plan does not suspend the effect of those conditions.

4

The bringing of an appeal against an estimation of aviation emissions under article 37(6) suspends the effect of the decision only for the purpose of assessing whether there has been compliance with that article.

Determination of appealsI6768

1

In determining an appeal made under article 65 the appeal body may—

a

affirm the decisionF77,

b

quash the decision or vary any of its termsF77,

c

substitute a deemed refusal with a decision of the appeal bodyF77,

d

give directions as to the exercise of the Regulator’s functions under this Order.

2

The appeal body may not make a determination that would result in a decision which could not otherwise have been made under this Order.

Procedure for appealsI6869

1

The procedure for appeals to the Scottish Land Court is provided in Schedule 7.

2

The procedure for appeals to the Planning Appeals Commission (Northern Ireland) is provided in Schedule 8.

PART 8Schedules and consequential amendments

CHAPTER 1Schedules

SchedulesI6970

1

Schedule 1 (which makes provision in relation to administrative procedures for CORSIA) has effect.

2

Schedule 2 (which makes provision in relation to fuel use monitoring methods) has effect.

3

Schedule 3 (which makes provision in relation to CO₂ emission estimation and reporting methods and tools) has effect.

4

Schedule 4 (which makes provision in relation to emissions monitoring plans) has effect.

5

Schedule 5 (which makes provision in relation to reporting) has effect.

6

Schedule 6 (which makes provision in relation to verification) has effect.

7

Schedule 7 (which makes provision in relation to appeals to the Scottish Land Court) has effect.

8

Schedule 8 (which makes provision in relation to appeals to the Planning Appeals Commission (Northern Ireland)) has effect.

CHAPTER 2Consequential amendments

Revocation of retained EU lawI7071

1

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 of 18 July 2019 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards measures adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organisation for the monitoring, reporting and verification of aviation emissions for the purpose of implementing a global market-based measure49 is revoked.

2

Notwithstanding the revocation made by paragraph (1), the provisions of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1603 continue to have effect in respect of the monitoring, reporting and verification of aviation emissions undertaken by aeroplane operators pursuant to that Regulation prior to this Order coming into force.

Richard TilbrookClerk of the Privy Council

SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1Administrative procedures

Article 70(1)

Compliance periods and timelineI711

1

The procedures specified in this Schedule summarise administrative roles and responsibilities of the persons involved in implementing Parts 2 and 3 of this Order. This Schedule provides a list of activities, and the associated date by which the activities must be completed.

22021-2023 period

During the period of 2021-2023, aeroplane operators F78, Regulators and the Secretary of State must comply with the requirements according to the timeline in Table 1, where applicable.

Table 1Details of compliance timeline for 2021-2023 period

Timeline	Activity
To 31st December 2021	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2021 from international flights.
To 31st May 2021	The aeroplane operator must compile 2020 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
31st May 2021	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2020 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st June 2021 to 31st August 2021	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2020 in accordance with article 35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
30th June 2021	The Secretary of State must notify ICAO of any change in the decision by the government of the United Kingdom to voluntarily participate, or to discontinue the voluntary participation, in the applicability of CORSIA’s offsetting requirements under Part II, Chapter 3 of Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention from 1st January 2022 in accordance with article 7(1).
1st August 2021	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2022 compliance year.
31st August 2021	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2020 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
30th September 2021	The Regulator must calculate and inform aeroplane operators attributed to it of their average total CO₂ emissions during 2019 and 2020, in accordance with article 33(1).
30th November 2021	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2022 from international flights.
1st January 2022 to 30th April 2022	The aeroplane operator must compile 2021 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2022	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2021 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2022 to 31st July 2022	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2021 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
30th June 2022	The Secretary of State must notify ICAO of any change in the decision by the government of the United Kingdom to voluntarily participate, or to discontinue the voluntary participation, in the applicability of CORSIA’s offsetting requirements under Part II, Chapter 3 of Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention from 1st January 2023 in accordance with article 7(1).
31st July 2022	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2021 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2022	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2023 compliance year.
31st October 2022	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2021 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)50”.
30th November 2022	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).
F230th November 2022	The Regulator must calculate and inform aeroplane operators of their offsetting requirements for 2021 in accordance with articles 41A and 41B.
1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2023 from international flights.
1st January 2023 to 30th April 2023	The aeroplane operator must compile 2022 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2023	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2022 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2023 to 31st July 2023	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2022 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
30th June 2023	The Secretary of State must notify ICAO of any change in the decision by the government of the United Kingdom to voluntarily participate, or to discontinue the voluntary participation, in the applicability of CORSIA’s offsetting requirements under Part II, Chapter 3 of Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention from 1st January 2024 in accordance with article 7(1).
31st July 2023	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2022 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2023	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2024 compliance year.
31st October 2023	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2022 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2023	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

32024-2026 period

During the period of 2024-2026, aeroplane operators F78, Regulators and the Secretary of State must comply with the requirements according to the timeline in Table 2, where applicable.

Table 2Details of compliance timeline for 2024-2026 period

Timeline	Activity
1st January 2024 to 31st December 2024	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2024 from international flights.
1st January 2024 to 30th April 2024	The aeroplane operator must compile 2023 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2024	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2023 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2024 to 31st July 2024	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2023 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
30th June 2024	The Secretary of State must notify ICAO of any change in the decision by the government of the United Kingdom to voluntarily participate, or to discontinue the voluntary participation, in the applicability of CORSIA’s offsetting requirements under Part II, Chapter 3 of Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention from 1st January 2025 in accordance with article 7(1).
31st July 2024	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2023 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2024	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2025 compliance year.
31st October 2024	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2023 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2024	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2025 to 31st December 2025	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2025 from international flights.
1st January 2025 to 30th April 2025	The aeroplane operator must compile 2024 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2025	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2024 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2025 to 31st July 2025	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2024 in accordance with article 35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
30th June 2025	The Secretary of State must notify ICAO of any change in the decision by the government of the United Kingdom to voluntarily participate, or to discontinue the voluntary participation, in the applicability of CORSIA’s offsetting requirements under Part II, Chapter 3 of Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention from 1st January 2026 in accordance with article 7(1).
31st July 2025	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2024 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2025	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2026 compliance year.
31st October 2025	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2024 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2025	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2026 to 31st December 2026	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2026 from international flights.
1st January 2026 to 30th April 2026	The aeroplane operator must compile 2025 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2026	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2025 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2026 to 31st July 2026	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2025 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2026	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2025 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2026	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2027 compliance year.
31st October 2026	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2025 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2026	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

42027-2029 period

During the period of 2027-2029, aeroplane operators F78, Regulators and the Secretary of State must comply with the requirements according to the timeline in Table 3, where applicable.

Table 3Details of compliance timeline for 2027-2029 period

Timeline	Activity
1st January 2027 to 31st December 2027	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2027 from international flights.
1st January 2027 to 30th April 2027	The aeroplane operator must compile 2026 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2027	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2026 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2027 to 31st July 2027	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2026 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2027	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2026 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2027	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2028 compliance year.
31st October 2027	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2026 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2027	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2028 to 31st December 2028	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2028 from international flights.
1st January 2028 to 30th April 2028	The aeroplane operator must compile 2027 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2028	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2027 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2028 to 31st July 2028	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2027 in accordance with article 35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2028	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2027 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2028	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2029 compliance year.
31st October 2028	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2027 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2028	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2029 to 31st December 2029	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2029 from international flights.
1st January 2029 to 30th April 2029	The aeroplane operator must compile 2028 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2029	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2028 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2029 to 31st July 2029	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2028 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2029	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2028 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2029	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2030 compliance year.
31st October 2029	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2028 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2029	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

52030-2032 period

During the period of 2030-2032, aeroplane operators F78, Regulators and the Secretary of State must comply with the requirements according to the timeline in Table 4, where applicable.

Table 4Details of compliance timeline for 2030-2032 period

Timeline	Activity
1st January 2030 to 31st December 2030	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2030 from international flights.
1st January 2030 to 30th April 2030	The aeroplane operator must compile 2029 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2030	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2029 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2030 to 31st July 2030	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2029 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2030	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2029 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2030	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2031 compliance year.
31st October 2030	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2029 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2030	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2031 to 31st December 2031	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2031 from international flights.
1st January 2031 to 30th April 2031	The aeroplane operator must compile 2030 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2031	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2030 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2031 to 31st July 2031	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2030 in accordance with article 35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2031	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2030 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2031	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2032 compliance year.
31st October 2031	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2030 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2031	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2032 to 31st December 2032	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2032 from international flights.
1st January 2032 to 30th April 2032	The aeroplane operator must compile 2031 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2032	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2031 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2032 to 31st July 2032	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2031 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2032	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2031 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2032	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2033 compliance year.
31st October 2032	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2031 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2032	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

62033-2035 period

During the period of 2033-2035, aeroplane operators F78, Regulators and the Secretary of State must comply with the requirements according to the timeline in Table 5, where applicable.

Table 5Details of compliance timeline for 2033-2035 period

Timeline	Activity
1st January 2033 to 31st December 2033	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2033 from international flights.
1st January 2033 to 30th April 2033	The aeroplane operator must compile 2032 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2033	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2032 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2033 to 31st July 2033	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2032 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2033	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2032 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2033	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2034 compliance year.
31st October 2033	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2032 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2033	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2034 to 31st December 2034	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2034 from international flights.
1st January 2034 to 30th April 2034	The aeroplane operator must compile 2033 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2034	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2033 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2034 to 31st July 2034	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2033 in accordance with article 35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2034	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2033 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
1st August 2034	The Regulator must obtain and use the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA States for Chapter 3 State Pairs” applicable for the 2035 compliance year.
31st October 2034	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2033 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.
30th November 2034	The Secretary of State must submit updates to the list of aeroplane operators that are attributed to the United Kingdom to ICAO in accordance with article 8(5), as well as updates to the list of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom in accordance with article 11(3).

1st January 2035 to 31st December 2035	The aeroplane operator must monitor, in accordance with Chapter 2 of Part 3 of this Order, CO₂ emissions for 2035 from international flights.
1st January 2035 to 30th April 2035	The aeroplane operator must compile 2034 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2035	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2034 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2035 to 31st July 2035	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2034 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2035	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2034 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
31st October 2035	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2034 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.

1st January 2036 to 30th April 2036	The aeroplane operator must compile 2035 CO₂ emissions data to be verified by a verification body, in accordance with Chapter 4 of Part 3 of this Order.
30th April 2036	The aeroplane operator and the verification body must both independently submit, upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verified Emissions Report and associated Verification Report for 2035 to the Regulator in accordance with article 35(3).
1st May 2036 to 31st July 2036	The Regulator must conduct an order of magnitude check of the verified Emissions Report for 2035 in accordance with article35(4) including any filling in of data gaps in case of non-reporting by aeroplane operators in accordance with article 37(6) and (7).
31st July 2036	The Secretary of State must submit required information regarding CO₂ emissions for 2035 to ICAO in accordance with article 33(3).
31st October 2036	The Regulator must obtain and use the Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF) for 2035 from the ICAO document entitled “CORSIA Annual Sector’s Growth Factor (SGF)”.

SCHEDULE 2Fuel use monitoring methods

Article 70(2)

IntroductionI721

1

The procedures specified in this Schedule are concerned with the monitoring of fuel use by aeroplane operators. The methods proposed are representative of the most accurate established practices.

2

Any equivalent procedures to those contained in this Schedule must only be allowed after prior application to and approval by the Regulator for the aeroplane operator concerned.

Fuel Use Monitoring MethodsI732

The aeroplane operator, with the exception of an aeroplane operator eligible to use the CERT, must choose from the following Fuel Use Monitoring Methods—

a

Method A,

b

Method B,

c

Block-off/Block-on,

d

Fuel Uplift, or

e

Fuel Allocation with Block Hour.

Method AI743

1

The aeroplane operator must use the following formula to compute fuel use according to Method A51—

F_{N} = T_{N} - T_{N \pm 1} \pm U_{N \pm 1}

where—

F_N = Fuel used for the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) determined using Method A (in tonnes);
T_N = Amount of fuel contained in aeroplane tanks once fuel uplifts for the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) are complete (in tonnes);
T_N+1 = Amount of fuel contained in aeroplane tanks once fuel uplifts for the subsequent flight (i.e. flight _N+1) are complete (in tonnes); and
U_N+1 = Sum of fuel uplifts for the subsequent flight (i.e. flight _N+1) measured in volume and multiplied with a density value (in tonnes)52.

2

The aeroplane operator performing on an ad-hoc basis flights attributed to another aeroplane operator must provide to the latter the fuel measurement values according to the Block-off/Block-on method.

3

Where no fuel uplift for the flight or subsequent flight takes place, the amount of fuel contained in aeroplane tanks (T_N or T_N+1) must be determined at block-off for the flight or subsequent flight. In exceptional cases the variable T_N+1 cannot be determined. This is the case when an aeroplane performs activities other than a flight, including undergoing major maintenance involving the emptying of the tanks, after the flight to be monitored. In such case the aeroplane operator may substitute the quantity “T_N+1 + U_N+1” with the amount of fuel remaining in tanks at the start of the subsequent activity of the aeroplane or fuel in tanks at Block-on, as recorded by technical logs.

Method BI754

1

The aeroplane operator must use the following formula to compute fuel use according to Method B53—

F_{N} = R_{N - 1} - R_{N} \pm U_{N}

where—

F_N = Fuel used for the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) determined using Method B (in tonnes);
R_N–1 = Amount of fuel remaining in aeroplane tanks at the end of the previous flight (i.e. flight _N-1) at Block-on before the flight under consideration (in tonnes);
R_N = Amount of fuel remaining in aeroplane tanks at the end of the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) at Block-on after the flight (in tonnes); and
U_N = Fuel uplift for the flight considered measured in volume and multiplied with a density value (in tonnes)54 55.

2

3

Where an aeroplane does not perform a flight previous to the flight for which fuel consumption is being monitored (e.g., if the flight follows a major revision or maintenance), the aeroplane operator may substitute the quantity R_N-1 with the amount of fuel remaining in the aeroplane’s tanks at the end of the previous activity of the aeroplane, as recorded by technical logs.

Block-off/Block-onI765

The aeroplane operator must use the following formula to compute fuel use according to the Block-off/Block-on Method56—

F_{N} = T_{N} - R_{N}

where—

F_N = Fuel used for the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) determined using Block-off/Block-on Method (in tonnes);
T_N = Amount of fuel contained in aeroplane tanks at Block-off for the flight under consideration i.e. flight _N (in tonnes); and
R_N = Amount of fuel remaining in aeroplane tanks at Block-on of the flight under consideration i.e. flight _N (in tonnes).

Fuel UpliftI776

1

For flights with a fuel uplift, unless the subsequent flight has no uplift the aeroplane operator must use the following formula to compute fuel use according to the Fuel Uplift Method57—

F_{N} = U_{N}

where—

F_N = Fuel used for the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) determined using fuel uplift (in tonnes); and
U_N = Fuel uplift for the flight considered, measured in volume and multiplied with a density value (in tonnes)58.

2

For flight(s) without a fuel uplift (i.e. flight _N+1, …, flight _N+n), the aeroplane operator must use the following formula to allocate fuel use from the prior fuel uplift (i.e. from flight _N) proportionally to block hour—

F_{N} = U_{N} * [\frac{B H_{N}}{B H_{N} \pm B H_{N \pm 1} \pm \cdot \cdot \cdot \pm B H_{N \pm n}}]

F_{N \pm 1} = U_{N} * [\frac{B H_{N \pm 1}}{B H_{N} \pm B H_{N \pm 1} \pm \cdot \cdot \cdot \pm B H_{N \pm n}}]

F_{N \pm n} = U_{N} * [\frac{B H_{N \pm n}}{B H_{N} \pm B H_{N \pm 1} \pm \cdot \cdot \cdot \pm B H_{N \pm n}}]

where—

F_N = Fuel used for the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) determined using fuel uplift (in tonnes);
F_N+1 = Fuel used for the subsequent flight (i.e. flight _N+1) determined using fuel uplift (in tonnes);
F_N+n = Fuel used for the follow-on flight (i.e. flight _N+n) determined using fuel uplift (in tonnes);
U_N = Fuel uplift for the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) (in tonnes)59;
BH_N = Block hour for the flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) (in hours);
BH_N+1 = Block hour for the subsequent flight (i.e. flight _N+1) (in hours); and
BH_N+n = Block hour for the follow-on flight (i.e. flight _N+n) (in hours).

Fuel Allocation with Block Hour60I787

1

For fuel allocation with block hour, the following calculation methods apply.

Calculation of average fuel burn ratios

2

For an aeroplane operator which can clearly distinguish between international and domestic fuel uplifts, the aeroplane operator must compute, for each aeroplane type, the average fuel burn ratios by summing up all actual fuel uplifts from international flights, divided by the sum of all actual block hours from international flights for a given year, according to the following formula—

A F B R_{A O, A T} = \frac{\sum_{N} U_{A O, A T, N}}{\sum_{N} B H_{A O, A T . N}}

where—

AFBR_AO,AT = Average fuel burn ratios for aeroplane operator (AO) and aeroplane type (AT) (in tonnes per hour);
U_AO,AT,N = Fuel uplifted for the international flight _N for aeroplane operator (AO) and aeroplane type (AT) determined using monitoring method Fuel Uplift (in tonnes); and
BH_AO,AT,N = Block hour for the international flight _N for aeroplane operator (AO) and aeroplane type (AT) (in hours).

3

For an aeroplane operator which cannot clearly distinguish between international and domestic fuel uplifts, the aeroplane operator must compute, for each aeroplane type, the average fuel burn ratios by summing up all actual fuel uplifts from international and domestic flights divided by the sum of all actual block hours from these flights for a given year, according to the following formula—

A F B R_{A O, A T} = \frac{\sum_{N} U_{A O, A T, N}}{\sum_{N} B H_{A O, A T . N}}

where—

AFBR_AO,AT = Average fuel burn ratios for aeroplane operator (AO) and aeroplane type (AT) (in tonnes per hour);
U_AO,AT,N = Fuel uplifted for the international or a domestic flight _N for aeroplane operator (AO) and aeroplane type (AT) measured in volume and multiplied with a specific density value (in tonnes)61; and
BH_AO,AT,N = Block hour for the international and domestic flight _N for aeroplane operator (AO) and aeroplane type (AT) (in hours).

4

An aeroplane operator’s specific average fuel burn ratios must be calculated on a yearly basis by using the yearly data from the actual reporting year. The average fuel burn ratios must be reported, for each aeroplane type, in the aeroplane operator’s Emissions Report.

Calculation of fuel use for individual flights

5

The aeroplane operator must compute the fuel consumption for each international flight by multiplying the aeroplane operator specific average fuel burn ratios with the flight’s block hour according to the following formula—

F_{N} = A F B R_{A O, A T} * B H_{A O, A T, N}

where—

F_N = Fuel allocated to the international flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) using the Fuel Allocation Block Hour method (in tonnes);
AFBR_AO,AT = Average fuel burn ratios for aeroplane operator (AO) and aeroplane type (AT) (in tonnes per hour)62 63; and
BH_AO,AT,N = Block hour for the international flight under consideration (i.e. flight _N) for aeroplane operator (AO) and aeroplane type (AT) (in hours).

6

A verification body must cross-check whether the emissions reported are reasonable in comparison to other fuel related data of the aeroplane operator.

F797

Average Fuel Burn Ratio (AFBR) based on all flights for a reporting year must be rounded to at least three decimal places.

SCHEDULE 3CO₂ emissions estimation and reporting methods and tools

Article 70(3)

Introduction to the ICAO CORSIA CO₂ Estimation and Reporting Tool (CERT)I791

The procedures specified in this Schedule are concerned with the estimation of CO₂ emissions by an aeroplane operator for the purposes of monitoring CO₂ emissions and filling data gaps. The methods and tools proposed are representative of most accurate established practices.

Use of the CERT for complying with monitoring and reporting requirementsI802

1

The aeroplane operator must use the CERT according to the eligibility criteria as described in article 22 of this Order and upon approval by the Regulator.

2

The aeroplane operator must use either—

a

the Block Time input method, or

b

the Great Circle Distance input method,

to enter the necessary information into the CERT.

3

The aeroplane operator approved to use the Block Time input method—

a

must collect the following data and must enter it into the CERT to estimate its CO₂ emissions during the compliance year—

i

ICAO aircraft type - model designator64,

ii

origin aerodrome ICAO Designator65,

iii

destination aerodrome ICAO Designator66,

iv

Block Time (in hours), and

v

number of flights,

b

may collect the following data and, if collected, must enter it into the CERT to estimate its CO₂ emissions during the compliance year—

i

date, and

ii

flight ID.

4

The aeroplane operator approved to use the Great Circle Distance input method—

a

must collect the following data and must enter it into the CERT to estimate its CO₂ emissions during the compliance year—

i

ICAO aircraft type - model designator,

ii

origin aerodrome,

iii

destination aerodrome, and

iv

number of flights,

b

may collect the following data and, if collected, must enter it into the CERT to estimate its CO₂ emissions during the compliance year—

i

date, and

ii

flight ID.

SCHEDULE 4Emissions monitoring plans

Article 70(4)

Content of Emissions Monitoring Plans67I811

The Emissions Monitoring Plan of an aeroplane operator must contain the information listed in this Schedule.

Aeroplane operator identificationI822

The following aeroplane operator identification information is required—

a

name and address of the aeroplane operator with legal responsibility;

b

information for attributing the aeroplane operator to the United Kingdom, by—

i

ICAO Designator used for air traffic control purposes,

ii

a copy of the F80Air Operator Certificate if the aeroplane operator does not have an ICAO Designator, or

iii

the aeroplane operator’s place of registration if the aeroplane operator does not have an ICAO Designator or an F80Air Operator Certificate;

c

details of ownership structure relative to any other aeroplane operator, including identification of whether the aeroplane operator is a parent company to, or subsidiary of, another aeroplane operator;

d

if the aeroplane operator is in a parent-subsidiary relationship and seeks to be considered a single aeroplane operator for the purposes of this Order, confirmation must be provided that the parent and any subsidiary F81are attributed to the United Kingdom and that each subsidiary is wholly-owned by the parent;

e

contact information for the person within the aeroplane operator’s company who is responsible for the Emissions Monitoring Plan;

f

description of the aeroplane operator’s activities, such as scheduled and non-scheduled flights, passenger, cargo and executive services, and the geographic scope of operations.

Fleet and operations dataI833

The following fleet and operations data is required—

a

list of the aeroplane types and type of fuel, such as Jet-A, Jet-A1, Jet-B, and AvGas, used in aeroplanes operated for international flights at the time of submission of the Emissions Monitoring Plan, recognising that there may be changes over time. The list must include—

i

aeroplane types with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 5,700 kg or greater and the number of aeroplanes per type, including owned and leased aeroplanes, and

ii

type of fuel used by the aeroplanes;

b

information used for attributing international flights to the aeroplane operator, being—

i

ICAO Designator used in Item 7 of the aeroplane operator’s flight plans, or

ii

a list of the nationality or common mark, and registration mark of aeroplanes that are explicitly stated in the F82Air Operator Certificate, or equivalent, and used in Item 7 of the aeroplane operator’s flight plans if the aeroplane operator does not have an ICAO Designator;

c

procedures on how changes in the aeroplane fleet and fuel used will be tracked, and subsequently integrated in the Emissions Monitoring Plan;

d

procedures on how the specific flights of an aeroplane will be tracked to ensure completeness of monitoring;

e

procedures for determining which aeroplane flights meet the definition of international flights and are therefore subject to the requirements in Part 3 of this Order;

f

list of States to where the aeroplane operator operates international flights at the time of initial submission of the Emissions Monitoring Plan68;

g

procedures for determining which international aeroplane flights are subject to offsetting requirements under Part II, Chapter 3 of Annex 16, Volume IV to the Chicago Convention69;

h

procedures for identifying domestic flights and/or humanitarian, medical or firefighting international flights that would not be subject to the requirements in Part 3 of this Order.

Methods and means of calculating emissions from international flightsI844

1

The methods and means of calculating emissions from international flights during the periods specified in this paragraph are as follows.

Methods and means for establishing the average emissions during the 2019-2020 period

2

If the aeroplane operator uses the CERT as described in Schedule 3, the following information must be provided—

a

an estimate of CO₂ emissions for all international flights for 201970 with supporting information on how the estimation was calculated, and

b

the type of input method used in the CERT, namely—

i

Great Circle Distance input method, or

ii

Block Time input method.

3

If the aeroplane operator uses a Fuel Use Monitoring Method as described in Schedule 2, the following information must be provided—

a

the Fuel Use Monitoring Method used, namely—

i

Method A,

ii

Method B,

iii

Block-off/Block-on,

iv

Fuel Uplift, or

v

Fuel Allocation with Block Hour F8subject to offsetting requirements, under article 41A, aggregated for all aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom (in tonnes)F94,

b

if different Fuel Use Monitoring Methods are to be used for different aeroplane types, the aeroplane operator must specify which method applies to which aeroplane type,

c

information on the procedures for determining and recording fuel density values, whether standard or actual, as used for operational and safety reasons, and a reference to the relevant aeroplane operator documentation, and

d

the systems and procedures to monitor fuel consumption in both owned and leased aeroplanes. If the aeroplane operator has chosen the Fuel Allocation with Block Hour method, information must be provided on the systems and procedures used to establish the average fuel burn ratios as described in Schedule 2.

4

If the aeroplane operator is in a parent-subsidiary relationship and seeks to be considered as a single aeroplane operator for the purposes of this Order, it must provide the procedures used for maintaining records of fuel used and emissions monitored during the 2019-2020 period of the various corporate entities. This must be used to establish individual average emissions during the 2019-2020 period for the parent and each subsidiary.

Methods and means for emissions monitoring and compliance on or after 1st January 2021

5

If the aeroplane operator has international flights F83which are not subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A, it must confirm whether it plans to use the CERT as described in Schedule 3 or the Fuel Use Monitoring Methods as described in Schedule 2.

6

If the aeroplane operator meets the eligibility criteria in article 22(8), and it chooses to use the CERT as described in Schedule 3, the following information must be provided—

a

an estimate of CO₂ emissions for all international flights F84which are subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A for the year before the emissions monitoring is to occur, such as an estimate of such emissions for 2020 for monitoring in 2021, as well as information on how the fuel use and CO₂ estimation was calculated, and

b

the type of input method used in the CERT, namely—

i

Great Circle Distance input method; or

ii

Block Time input method.

7

If the aeroplane operator meets the eligibility criteria in article 22(7), or chooses to use a Fuel Use Monitoring Method as described in Schedule 2, the following information must be provided—

a

the Fuel Use Monitoring Method used, namely—

i

Method A,

ii

Method B,

iii

Block-off/Block-on,

iv

Fuel Uplift, or

v

Fuel Allocation with Block Hour;

b

if different Fuel Use Monitoring Methods are to be used for different aeroplane types, the aeroplane operator must specify which method applies to which aeroplane type;

c

information on the procedures for determining and recording fuel density values, whether standard or actual, as used for operational and safety reasons and a reference to the relevant aeroplane operator documentation;

d

the systems and procedures to monitor fuel consumption in both owned and leased aeroplanes; and

e

if the aeroplane operator has chosen the Fuel Allocation with Block Hour method, information must be provided on the systems and procedures used to establish the average fuel burn ratios as described in Schedule 2.

8

If the aeroplane operator is using a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, as defined in Schedule 2, it must state whether it plans to use the CERT for international flights that are subject to emissions monitoring but are F85not subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A. If so, the aeroplane operator must also state whether it is using the Great Circle Distance input method or Block Time input method to enter information into the CERT.

Data management, data flow and controlI855

The aeroplane operator must provide the following information—

a

roles, responsibilities and procedures on data management;

b

procedures to handle data gaps and erroneous data values, including—

i

secondary data reference sources which would be used as an alternative,

ii

an alternative method in case the secondary data reference source is not available, and

iii

for those aeroplane operators using a Fuel Use Monitoring Method, information on systems and procedures for identifying data gaps and for assessing whether the 5 per cent threshold for significant data gaps has been reached;

c

documentation and record keeping plan;

d

assessment of the risks associated with the data management processes and means for addressing significant risks;

e

procedures for making revisions to the Emissions Monitoring Plan and resubmitting relevant portions to the Regulator when there are material changes;

f

procedures for providing notice in the Emissions Report of non-material changes that require the attention of the Regulator; and

g

a data flow diagram summarising the systems used to record and store data associated with the monitoring and reporting of CO₂ emissions.

SCHEDULE 5Reporting

Article 70(5)

IntroductionI861

1

The procedures specified in this Schedule are concerned with the reporting requirements under Chapter 3 of Part 3 of this Order.

2

Unless otherwise stated, fuel use and CO₂ emissions must be reported to the nearest tonne.

Content of Emissions Report from aeroplane operator to the RegulatorI872

1

The information required for an aeroplane operator’s Emissions Report to the Regulator is set out in Table 1.

Table 1Content of aeroplane operator Emissions Report

The template of an Emissions Report from an aeroplane operator to the Regulator is provided in Appendix 1 of the Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume IV – Procedures for demonstrating compliance with the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)71.

Field	Data Field	Details
Field 1	Aeroplane operator information	(a) Name of aeroplane operator. (b) Detailed contact information of aeroplane operator. (c) Name of a point of contact. (d) Method and identifier used to attribute the aeroplane operator to the United Kingdom in accordance with article 8(1). (e) State (the United Kingdom).
Field 2	Reference details of aeroplane operator Emissions Monitoring Plan	Reference to the Emissions Monitoring Plan that is the basis for emissions monitoring that year.
Field 3	Information to identify the verification body and Verification Report	(a) Name and contact information of the verification body. (b) Verification Report to be a separate report from the aeroplane operator’s Emissions Report.
Field 4	Reporting year	Year during which emissions were monitored
Field 5	Type and mass of fuel used	Total fuel mass per type of fuel72— (i) Jet-A (in tonnes), (ii) Jet-A1 (in tonnes), (iii) Jet-B (in tonnes), (iv) AvGas (in tonnes).
Field 6	Total number of international flights during the reporting period	Total number of international flights during the reporting period73.
Field 7	Number of international flights per State pair or aerodrome pair	(a) Number of international flights per State pair, without rounding, or (b) Number of international flights per aerodrome pair, without rounding.
Field 8	CO₂ emissions per aerodrome pair or State pair	(a) CO₂ emissions from international flights per State pair (in tonnes), or (b) CO₂ emissions from international flights per aerodrome pair (in tonnes).
Field 9	Scale of data gaps	(a) Percent of data gaps, according to criteria defined in article 37(1) and (4) and rounded to the nearest 0.1%. (b) Reason for data gaps if per cent of data gaps exceeds the thresholds defined in article 37(1) (a) and (b).
Field 10	Aeroplane information	(a) List of aeroplane types. (b) Aeroplane identifiers used in Item 7 of the flight plans during the year for all international flights. Where the identifier is based on an ICAO Designator, only the ICAO Designator is to be reported. (c) Information on leased aeroplanes. (d) AFBR F3(average fuel burn ratio) for each aeroplane type under the list in point (a)74.
Field 11	Eligibility for and use of the CERT in accordance with article 22	(a) Version of the CERT used. (b) Scope of use of the CERT, i.e. on all flights or only on the international flights, F4not subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A .
Field 1276	CORSIA eligible fuel claimed	(a) Fuel type, i.e. type of fuel, feedstock and conversion process. (b) Total mass of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel claimed in tonnes, per fuel type.
	Emissions information (per fuel type)	(c) Approved Life Cycle Emissions values. (d) Emissions reductions claimed from a CORSIA eligible fuel, as calculated in accordance with equations described in F5article 41C and reported in tonnes.
	Emissions reductions (total)	(e)Total emissions reductions claimed from the use of all CORSIA eligible fuels in tonnes77.
Field 13	Total CO₂ emissions	(a) Total CO₂ emissions based on total mass of fuel in tonnes from Field 5 and reported in tonnes78. (b) Total CO₂ emissions from flights F6subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A in tonnes. (c) Total CO₂ emissions from international F7flights that are not subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A in tonnes.

2

The supplementary information required for an aeroplane operator’s Emissions Report if emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels is being claimed is set out in Table 2.

Table 2Supplementary information to an aeroplane operator’s Emissions Report if emissions reductions from the use of each CORSIA eligible fuel being claimed

The template of a CORSIA eligible fuels supplementary information to the Emissions Report from an aeroplane operator to the Regulator is provided in Appendix 1 of the Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume IV – Procedures for demonstrating compliance with the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)79.

Field	Data Field	Details
Field 1	Purchase date of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel
Field 2	Identification of the producer of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel	(a) Name of producer of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel. (b) Contact information of the producer of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel.
Field 3	Fuel Production	(a) Production date of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel. (b) Production location of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel. (c) Batch number of each batch of neat CORSIA eligible fuel. (d) Mass of each batch of neat CORSIA eligible fuel produced.
Field 4	Fuel type	(a) Type of fuel, i.e. Jet-A, Jet-A1, Jet-B, AvGas. (b) Feedstock used to create the neat CORSIA eligible fuel. (c) Conversion process used to create the neat CORSIA eligible fuel.
Field 5	Fuel Purchased	(a) Proportion of neat CORSIA eligible fuel batch purchased, rounded to the nearest % if less than an entire batch of CORSIA eligible fuel is purchased. (b) Total mass of each batch of neat CORSIA eligible fuel purchased (in tonnes). (c) Mass of neat CORSIA eligible fuel purchased (in tonnes)80.
Field 6	Evidence that fuel satisfies the CORSIA Sustainability Criteria	A valid sustainability certification document.
Field 7	Life cycle emissions values of the CORSIA eligible fuel	(a) Default or Actual Life Cycle Emissions Value (LS_f) for given CORSIA eligible fuel f, which is equal to the sum of point (b) and point (c), in gCO₂e/MJ rounded to the nearest whole number. (b) Default or Actual Core Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) value for given CORSIA eligible fuel f (in gCO₂e/MJ rounded to the nearest whole number). (c) Default Induced Land Use Change (ILUC) value for given CORSIA eligible fuel f in gCO₂e/MJ rounded to the nearest whole number.
Field 8	Intermediate purchaser81	(a) Name of the intermediate purchaser. (b) Contact information of the intermediate purchaser.
Field 9	Party responsible for shipping of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel to the fuel blender	(a) Name of party responsible for shipping of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel to the fuel blender. (b) Contact information of party responsible for shipping of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel to the fuel blender.
Field 10	Fuel Blender	(a) Name of the party responsible for blending neat CORSIA eligible fuel with aviation fuel. (b) Contact information of the party responsible for blending neat CORSIA eligible fuel with aviation fuel.
Field 11	Location where neat CORSIA eligible fuel is blended with aviation fuel
Field 12	Date the neat CORSIA eligible fuel was received by blender
Field 13	Mass of neat CORSIA eligible fuel received (in tonnes)82
Field 14	Blend ratio of neat CORSIA eligible fuel and aviation fuel, rounded to the nearest %
Field 15	Documentation demonstrating that the batch or batches of neat CORSIA eligible fuel were blended into aviation fuel, such as the subsequent Certificate of Analysis of the blended fuel
Field 16	Mass of neat CORSIA eligible fuel claimed (in tonnes)83

Content of reports from the Secretary of State to ICAOI883

1

The information required for the Secretary of State’s report to ICAO listing the aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom and verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom is set out in Table 3.

Table 3The report of aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom and verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom84

Field	Data Field	Details
Field 1	List of aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom	(a) Name and contact information of aeroplane operator, (b) Aeroplane operator Code, (c) Method and identifier used to attribute aeroplane operator to the United Kingdom in accordance with article 8(1).
Field 2	List of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom for a given year of compliance	(a) State (United Kingdom), (b) Name of verification body.

Field

Data Field

Details

Field 1

List of aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom

(a) Name and contact information of aeroplane operator,

(b) Aeroplane operator Code,

Field 2

List of verification bodies accredited in the United Kingdom for a given year of compliance

(a) State (United Kingdom),

(b) Name of verification body.

2

The information required for the Secretary of State’s Emissions Report to ICAO for the period of 2019 and 2020 is set out in Table 4.

Table 4Emissions Report from the Secretary of State to ICAO for 2019 and 2020

Field	Data Field	Details
Field 1	Total annual CO₂ emissions per State pair aggregated for all aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom (in tonnes)85	Include emissions from CORSIA eligible fuels, calculated using fuel conversion factor from corresponding aviation fuels, in accordance with article 28(4).

3

The information required for the Secretary of State’s report to ICAO annually from and including 2021 is set out in Table 5.

Table 5Emissions Report from the Secretary of State to ICAO annually from and including 2021

Field	Data Field	Details
Field 1	Total annual CO₂ emissions on each State pair aggregated for all aeroplane operators attributed to the UnitedKingdom86	(a) Total annual CO₂ emissions on each State pair subject to offsetting requirements, under article 41A, aggregated for all aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom (in tonnes), (b) Total annual CO₂ emissions on each State pair F9not subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A aggregated for all aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom (in tonnes).
Field 2	Total annual CO₂ emissions for each aeroplane operator attributed to the United Kingdom	(a) Total annual CO₂ emissions for each aeroplane operator attributed to the United Kingdom (in tonnes), (b) Indicate whether the CERT, as set out in Schedule 3 is used.
Field 3	Total aggregated annual CO₂ emissions for all State pairs F10subject to offsetting requirements, under article 41A, for each aeroplane operator attributed to the United Kingdom (in tonnes)
Field 4	Total aggregated annual CO₂ emissions for all State pairs F11not subject to offsetting requirements under article 41A for each aeroplane operator attributed to the United Kingdom (in tonnes)

4

The information required for the Secretary of State’s Emissions Report to ICAO for the use of CORSIA eligible fuels in the United Kingdom is set out in Table 6.

Table 6CORSIA eligible fuels supplementary information to the Emissions Report from the Secretary of State to ICAO88

Field	Data Field	Details	Notes
Field 1	Production	(a) Production year of CORSIA eligible fuel claimed, (b) Producer of CORSIA eligible fuel.
Field 2	Batch of CORSIA eligible fuel	(a) Batch number of each CORSIA eligible fuel claimed, (b) Total mass of each batch of CORSIA eligible fuel claimed (in tonnes).
Field 3	CORSIA eligible fuel claimed	(a) Fuel types, i.e. type of fuel, feedstock and conversion process, (b) Total mass of the neat CORSIA eligible fuel (in tonnes) per fuel type being claimed by all the aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom.	This will provide a total mass for each fuel type being claimed by all aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom.
Field 4	Emissions information per fuel type	Total emissions reductions claimed from the use of a CORSIA eligible fuel (in tonnes).
Field 5	Total Emissions reductions	Total emissions reductions claimed by all aeroplane operators attributed to the United Kingdom from all CORSIA eligible fuel use (in tonnes).

SCHEDULE 6Verification

Article 70(6)

IntroductionI891

The procedures specified in this Schedule are concerned with the verification requirements in Part 3.

Verification bodyI902

1

This paragraph sets out the procedures required for verification bodies.

Avoidance of conflict of interest89

2

If the leader of the verification team undertakes six annual verifications for one aeroplane operator, the leader of the verification team must take a three-consecutive year break from providing verification services to that same aeroplane operator. The six year maximum period includes any greenhouse verifications performed for the aeroplane operator prior to it requiring verification services under this Order.

3

The verification body, or any part of it, must not be an aeroplane operator, the owner of an aeroplane operator or owned by an aeroplane operator.

4

The verification body, or any part of it, must not be a body that trades emissions units, the owner of a body that trades emissions units or owned by a body that trades emissions units.

5

The relationship between the verification body and the aeroplane operator must not be based on common ownership, common governance, common management or personnel, shared resources, common finances or common contracts or marketing.

6

The verification body must not F86take over responsibility for any activities from the aeroplane operator with regard to the preparation of the Emissions Monitoring Plan or the Emissions Report, including monitoring of fuel use and calculation of CO₂ emissions.

7

To enable an assessment of impartiality and independence by the national accreditation body, the verification body must document how it relates to any other parts of the same legal entity.

Management and personnel90

8

The verification body must establish, implement and document a method for evaluating the competence of the verification team personnel against the competence requirements outlined in ISO 14065:2013, ISO 14066:2011 and F87sub-paragraphs (10) to (13).

9

The verification body must maintain records to demonstrate the competency of the verification team and personnel in accordance with F89sub-paragraph (10).

10Competencies of personnel91

The verification body must—

a

identify and select competent team personnel for each engagement,

b

ensure appropriate verification team composition for the aviation engagement,

c

ensure the verification team includes, at a minimum, a team leader who is responsible for the engagement, planning and management of the team,

d

ensure continued competence of all personnel conducting verification activities, including continued professional development and training for verifiers to maintain and develop competencies, and

e

conduct regular evaluations of the competence assessment process to ensure that it continues to be relevant for this Order.

11Validation of verification team knowledge92

The verification team as a whole, and the independent reviewer, must demonstrate knowledge of—

a

the requirements set out in this Order, the Assembly Resolution A39-393, the Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume IV – Procedures for demonstrating compliance with the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)94, and any public ICAO explanatory material,

b

the verification requirements set out in this Order, and Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume IV – Procedures for demonstrating compliance with the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), including materiality threshold, verification criteria, verification scope and objectives and the Verification Report preparation and submission requirements,

c

the eligibility criteria for technical exemptions, scope of applicability, State pair phase-in rules, and State pair coverage set out in this Order and the Assembly Resolution A39-3,

d

the monitoring requirements set out in this Order, and

e

the national requirements in addition to the provisions set out in this Order.

Validation of verification team technical expertise95

12

The verification team as a whole, and the independent reviewer, must demonstrate knowledge of the following technical competencies—

a

general technical processes in the field of civil aviation,

b

aviation fuels and their characteristics, including CORSIA eligible fuel,

c

fuel related processes including flight planning and fuel calculation,

d

relevant aviation sector trends or situations that may impact the CO₂ emissions estimate,

e

CO₂ emissions quantification methodologies outlined in this Order, including assessment of Emissions Monitoring Plans,

f

fuel use monitoring and measurement devices, and related procedures for monitoring of fuel use related to greenhouse gas emissions, including procedures and practices for operation, maintenance and calibration of such measurement devices,

g

greenhouse gas information and data management systems and controls, including quality management systems and quality assurance / quality control techniques,

h

aviation related IT systems such as flight planning software or operational management systems,

i

knowledge of approved CORSIA Sustainability Certification Schemes relevant for CORSIA eligible fuels under this Order, including certification scopes96, and

j

F88except when carrying out the verification of an Emissions Report, basic knowledge of greenhouse gas markets and emissions units programme registries.

13

Evidence of these competencies must include proof of relevant professional experience, complemented by appropriate training and education credentials.

F9013A

When conducting the verification of an Emissions Report, paragraphs (12)(a) to (i) apply.

Validation of verification team data and information auditing97

14

The verification team as a whole must demonstrate detailed knowledge of ISO 14064-3:2006, including demonstrated ability to develop a risk-based verification approach, perform verification procedures including assessing data and information systems and controls, collect sufficient and appropriate evidence and draw conclusions based on that evidence.

15

Evidence of data and information auditing expertise and competencies must include previous professional experience in auditing and assurance activities, complemented by appropriate training and education credentials.

16Use of contracted validators and verifiers98

The verification body must document roles and responsibilities of the verification personnel, including contracted persons involved in the verification activity.

Outsourcing99

17

The verification body must not outsource the final decision on the verification and the issuance of the verification statement.

18

The independent review must only be outsourced as long as the outsourced service is appropriate, competent, and covered by the accreditation.

19Confidentiality100

The verification body must ensure it has the express consent of the aeroplane operator prior to submission of the verified Emissions Report and the Verification Report to the Regulator. The mechanism for authorising this consent must be specified in the contract between the verification body and aeroplane operator.

20Records101

The verification body must keep records on the verification process for a minimum of ten years, including—

a

client’s Emissions Monitoring Plan and Emissions Report,

b

Verification Report and related internal documentation,

c

identification of team members and criteria for selection of team, and

d

working papers with data and information reviewed by the team in order to allow for an independent party to assess the quality of the verification activities and conformance with verification requirements.

21Agreement102

The contract between a verification body and an aeroplane operator must specify the conditions for verification by stating—

a

scope of verification, verification objectives, level of assurance, materiality threshold and relevant verification standards; namely ISO 14065:2013, ISO 14064-3:2006, this Order and the Environmental Technical Manual, Volume IV,

b

amount of time allocated for verification,

c

flexibility to change time allocation if this proves necessary because of findings during the verification,

d

conditions which must be fulfilled to conduct the verification such as access to all relevant documentation, personnel and premises,

e

requirement of the aeroplane operator to accept the audit as a potential witness audit by the national accreditation body’s assessors,

f

requirement of the aeroplane operator to authorise the release of the Emissions Report, and the Verification Report by the verification body to the Regulator, and

g

liability coverage.

Verification of Emissions ReportI913

1

This paragraph sets out the procedures required of verification bodies for the verification of Emissions Reports.

2ISO standard

The verification team must conduct the verification according to ISO 14064-3:2006, and the following additional requirements.

3Level of assurance103

A reasonable level of assurance must be required for all verifications under this Order.

4Objectives104

When conducting the verification of an Emissions Report, the verification body must perform sufficient procedures to conclude whether—

a

the greenhouse gas assertion is materially fair and an accurate representation of emissions over the period of the Emissions Report and is supported by sufficient and appropriate evidence,

b

the aeroplane operator has monitored, quantified and reported its emissions over the period of the Emissions Report in accordance with this Order and the approved Emissions Monitoring Plan,

c

the aeroplane operator has correctly applied the method of flight attribution documented in the approved Emissions Monitoring Plan and in accordance with articles 8 and 9 to ensure a correct attribution of leased aeroplane and international flights, operated by other aeroplane operators under the same corporate structure,

d

the stated amount of emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels is materially fair and an accurate representation of emissions reductions over the reporting period, and is supported by sufficient and appropriate internal and external evidence,

e

the claimed batches of CORSIA eligible fuels have not also been claimed by the aeroplane operator under any other voluntary or mandatory schemes it has participated in, where the emissions reductions from CORSIA eligible fuels may be claimed, during the current compliance period, as well as the compliance period immediately preceding it, and

f

the aeroplane operator has monitored, calculated and reported its emissions reductions associated with the use of CORSIA eligible fuels over the reporting period in accordance with this Order.

Scope105

5

When conducting the verification of an Emissions Report, the scope of the verification must reflect the period of time and information covered by the report and the CORSIA eligible fuels claims, where applicable.

6

This must include—

a

CO₂ emissions from aeroplane fuel monitoring methods, calculated in accordance with articles 22, 23, 26(1) to (4), 28 and 29, and

b

emissions reductions from the use of CORSIA eligible fuels.

7

The scope of the verification of the CORSIA eligible fuel claims in the Emissions Report must include the following—

a

any internal aeroplane operator procedures for CORSIA eligible fuels, including aeroplane operator controls to ensure the claimed CORSIA eligible fuels satisfy the CORSIA Sustainability Criteria,

b

checks for double claiming are limited to the specific aeroplane operator. Any findings outside this scope are not relevant for the verification statement, but they must still be included in the Verification Report for further consideration by the Regulator,

c

assessment of verification risk with appropriate changes to the verification plan, and

d

assessment of whether there is sufficient access to relevant internal and external information to obtain sufficient confidence in each CORSIA eligible fuel claim. Where evidence of the sustainability or the size of the CORSIA eligible fuel claim is considered either inappropriate or insufficient, further information must be sought directly from the fuel producer with direct access facilitated through the aeroplane operator.

Materiality106

8

When conducting the verification of an Emissions Report, the verification body must apply the following materiality thresholds—

a

of 2 per cent for aeroplane operators with annual emissions on international flights above 500,000 tonnes, and

b

of 5 per cent for aeroplane operators with annual emissions on international flights equal to or less than 500,000 tonnes of CO₂.

9

When conducting the verification of an Emissions Report, the over and understatements in sub-paragraph (8) must be allowed to balance out in both cases.

General107

10

Prior to the development of the verification approach, the verification body must assess the risk of misstatements and non-conformities and their likelihood of a material effect on the basis of a strategic analysis of the aeroplane operator’s greenhouse gas emissions information108.

11

Depending on the information obtained during the verification, the verification body must revise the risk assessment and modify or repeat the verification activities to be performed.

Validation of verification plan109

12

The verification team must prepare the verification plan on the basis of the strategic analysis and assessment of risks. The verification plan must include a description of the verification activities for each variable that has a potential impact on the reported emissions. The verification team must consider the assessment of risk, and the requirement to deliver a verification opinion with reasonable assurance, when determining sample size.

13

The verification plan must also include the following—

a

verification team members, roles, responsibilities and qualifications,

b

any external resources required,

c

schedule of verification activities, and

d

sampling plan, including the processes, controls and information to be verified and details of the risk assessment conducted to identify these.

14Sampling plan110

The Emissions Report sampling plan must include the following—

a

number and type of records and evidence to be examined,

b

methodology used to determine a representative sample, and

c

justification for the selected methodology.

Assessment of GHG data and information111

15

The verification team must confirm that the Emissions Report data has been collected in accordance with the approved Emissions Monitoring Plan and monitoring requirements specified in this Order.

16

In accordance with the Emissions Report sampling plan, the verification body must carry out substantive data testing consisting of analytical procedures and data verification to assess the plausibility and completeness of data.

17

The verification team must, as a minimum, assess the plausibility of fluctuations and trends over time or between comparable data items as well as identify and assess immediate outliers, unexpected data, anomalies, and data gaps.

18

Depending on the outcome of Emissions Report data testing and assessment, the assessment of risk, verification and sampling plan must be amended, where necessary.

Evaluation of the GHG assertion112

19

The verification body must use an independent reviewer not involved in the verification activities to assess the internal verification documentation, and the Verification Report, prior to its submission to the aeroplane operator and Regulator.

20

The independent review, whose scope must include the complete verification process, must be recorded in the internal verification documentation.

21

The independent review must be performed to ensure that the verification process has been conducted in accordance with ISO 14065:2013, ISO 14064-3:2006 and this Order, and that the evidence gathered is appropriate and sufficient to enable the verification body to issue a Verification Report with reasonable assurance.

Validation and verification statement113

22

The verification body must submit a copy of the Verification Report to the aeroplane operator. Upon authorisation by the aeroplane operator, the verification body must forward a copy of the Verification Report together with the Emissions Report to the Regulator. The Verification Report must include—

a

names of the verification body and verification team members,

b

time allocation, including any revisions and dates,

c

scope of the verification,

d

main results of impartiality and avoidance of conflict of interest assessment,

e

criteria against which the Emissions Report was verified,

f

aeroplane operator information and data used by the verification body to cross-check data and carry out other verification activities,

g

main results of the strategic analysis and assessment of risk,

h

description of verification activities undertaken, where each was undertaken, including whether on-site or off-site, and results of checks made on the CO₂ emissions information system and controls,

i

description of data sampling and testing conducted, including records or evidence sampled, sample size, and sampling method used,

j

the results of all data sampling and testing, including cross-checks,

k

compliance with the Emissions Monitoring Plan,

l

any non-compliances of the Emissions Monitoring Plan with this Order,

m

non-conformities and misstatements identified (including a description of how these have been resolved),

n

conclusions on data quality and materiality,

o

conclusions on the verification of the Emissions Report,

p

justifications for the verification opinion made by the verification body,

q

results of the independent review and the name of the independent reviewer, and

r

concluding verification statement.

23

The verification body must provide a conclusion on each of the verification objectives listed in F91sub-paragraph (4) in the concluding verification statement.

24

When conducting the verification of an Emissions Report, the verification body must choose between two types of verification opinion statements; either ‘verified as satisfactory’ or ‘verified as not satisfactory’.

25

If the report includes non-material misstatements or any non-material non-conformities, the report must be ‘verified as satisfactory with comments’, specifying the misstatements and non-conformities.

26

If the report contains material misstatements or any material non-conformities, or if the scope of the verification is too limited or the verification body is not able to obtain sufficient confidence in the data, the report must be ‘verified as not satisfactory’.

Validation of verification records114

27

At the request of the Regulator, the verification body must disclose the internal verification documentation on a confidential basis to the Regulator.

28

Where issues that may render a previously issued verification statement invalid or inaccurate are brought to the attention of the verification body, it must notify the Regulator.

SCHEDULE 7Appeals to Scottish Land Court

Article 70(7)

I921

1

A person who wishes to appeal under article 65 to the Scottish Land Court against a decision of the Regulator must—

a

send the appropriate form to the Scottish Land Court together with the documents referred to in sub-paragraph (2);

b

at the same time, send a copy of that form to the Regulator together with copies of the documents referred to in sub-paragraph (2)(a) and (f).

2

The documents are—

a

a statement of the grounds of appeal;

b

a copy of any relevant application;

c

a copy of any relevant plan;

d

a copy of any relevant correspondence between the appellant and the Regulator;

e

a copy of any notice, or particulars of any deemed refusal, which is the subject matter of the appeal;

f

a statement indicating whether the appellant wishes the appeal to be—

i

in the form of a hearing; or

ii

to be disposed of on the basis of written representations.

3

An appeal to the Scottish Land Court may be made on one or more of the following grounds—

a

the decision or notice was based on an error of fact;

b

the decision or notice was wrong in law;

c

the decision or notice was unreasonable for any other reason, including that the amount of a penalty was unreasonable;

d

any other reason.

4

In this Schedule—

“appropriate form” has the meaning given by rule 3 of the Rules of the Scottish Land Court Order 2014115;
“decision” includes a deemed refusal under this Order.

I932

1

Subject to sub-paragraph (2), the appropriate form must be sent to the Scottish Land Court before the expiry of the period of 28 days beginning with the F92date of the relevant notice for appeal under article 65(1)(b) or date of deemed refusal.

2

The Scottish Land Court may accept the appropriate form after the expiry of that period where satisfied that there was a good reason for the failure to bring the appeal in time.

I943

1

The Scottish Land Court may determine an appeal, or any part of an appeal, on the basis of written representations and without a hearing where—

a

the parties agree; or

b

the Scottish Land Court considers it can determine the matter justly without a hearing.

2

The Scottish Land Court must not determine the appeal without a hearing without first giving the parties notice of its intention to do so, and an opportunity to make written representations as to whether there should be a hearing.

I954

1

The Regulator must, within 16 days of receipt of the copy of the appropriate form, give notice of it to any person who appears to the Regulator to have a particular interest in the appeal (“interested party”).

2

A notice under sub-paragraph (1) must—

a

state that an appeal has been initiated;

b

state the name of the appellant;

c

describe the decision or notice to which the appeal relates;

d

state that, if a hearing is to be held wholly or partly in public, an interested party will be notified of the date, time and location of the hearing;

e

state that an interested party may request to be heard at a hearing.

3

An interested party may request the Regulator to provide the interested party with a copy of the documents set out in paragraph 1(2) only for the purposes of the appeal.

4

Where a request is made under sub-paragraph (3), the Regulator must provide the documents to the interested party as soon as reasonably practicable.

5

An interested party may—

a

make representations to the Scottish Land Court in relation to the appeal;

b

be heard at a hearing in relation to the appeal.

6

The representations by an interested party must be made within 16 days of the date of the notice under sub-paragraph (1).

7

The Scottish Land Court must provide a copy of any representations to the parties.

8

The Regulator must, within 8 days of sending a notice under sub-paragraph (1), give notice to the Scottish Land Court of the persons to whom and the date on which the notice was sent.

9

If an appeal is withdrawn, the Regulator must give notice to all interested parties about the withdrawal.

SCHEDULE 8Appeals to Planning Appeals Commission (Northern Ireland)

Article 70(8)

I961

1

A person who wishes to appeal under article 65 to the Planning Appeals Commission (Northern Ireland) against a decision of the Regulator must give to the Planning Appeals Commission—

a

written notice of the appeal; and

b

a statement of the grounds of appeal.

2

The notice of appeal must be accompanied by any fee for the appeal prescribed in regulations made under section 223(7)(b) of the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011116; and for that purpose, section 223(7)(b) has effect as if the reference to an appeal under that Act included a reference to an appeal under this Order.

3

The Planning Appeals Commission must as soon as reasonably practicable send a copy of the notice of appeal and the statement of grounds to the Regulator.

I972

A notice of appeal under paragraph 1 must be given before the expiry of the period of 47 days beginning with the F93date of the relevant notice for appeal under article 65(1)(b) or date of deemed refusal.

I983

1

An appellant may withdraw an appeal by giving notice to the Planning Appeals Commission.

2

If an appellant withdraws an appeal, the Planning Appeals Commission must give notice to the Regulator of the withdrawal as soon as reasonably practicable.

I994

1

The Planning Appeals Commission must determine the appeal; and section 204(1), (3) and (4) of the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 applies in relation to the determination of the appeal as it applies in relation to the determination of an appeal in accordance with that Act.

2

The Planning Appeals Commission must—

a

determine the process for determining the appeal; and

b

when doing so, take into account any requests by either party to the appeal.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

(This note is not part of the Order)

This Order implements the monitoring, reporting and verification requirements of the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Civil Aviation (CORSIA) in Volume IV of Annex 16 to the Convention on Civil Aviation adopted by the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation on 27 June 2018.

This Order extends to the whole of the United Kingdom.

Under CORSIA a baseline level of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions is established for aeroplane operators undertaking international flights. Aeroplane operators must monitor and report emissions for each year.

Part 1 sets out the general provisions for the Order, including the scope of application and flights to which the Order does not apply, and the definitions of various expressions used in the Order, and specifically the definition for the “aeroplane operator”.

Part 2, in conjunction with Schedules 1 and 5, sets out the administrative provisions for the Order. Chapter 1 sets out the requirements to notify ICAO of the United Kingdom’s voluntary participation in CORSIA, to establish the attribution of aeroplane operators to the United Kingdom and international flights to those aeroplane operators, defines the regulator and the regulator’s tasks, sets out the record keeping requirements, compliance deadlines, and regulates the use of equivalent procedures, and the role of the Civil Aviation Authority. Chapter 2 makes provision in respect of an aeroplane operator’s change in circumstances. Chapter 3 sets out the requirements for the submission of applications and notices under the Order to a regulator, the determination of applications by a regulator, and the service of notices given by a regulator.

Part 3, in conjunction with Schedules 1 to 6, establishes the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) requirements of an aeroplane operator’s annual CO₂ emissions from attributable flights. Chapter 1 sets out the applicability of the MRV requirements. Chapter 2 establishes the requirements for the monitoring of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions. These provisions include the duty on an aeroplane operator to monitor its CO₂ emissions, the monitoring methods available, the requirement for an Emissions Monitoring Plan, the calculation of CO₂ emissions from aeroplane fuel use, and the monitoring of CORSIA eligible fuels. Chapter 3 establishes the requirements for the reporting of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions. These provisions include the requirements on the aeroplane operator to report CO₂ emissions and CORSIA eligible fuel use, and on the Secretary of State to report those emissions for aeroplane operators administered in the United Kingdom to ICAO. Chapter 4, in conjunction with Schedule 6, sets out the standards and requirements for the verification and accreditation bodies and establishes the requirements for the verification of aeroplane operator annual CO₂ emissions and CORSIA eligible fuel use. Chapter 5 sets out the requirement for data management and control. These provisions include the requirements for the management of data gaps, corrective actions, improvements to the monitoring methodology, the rounding of data, and the use of an electronic data exchange and automated systems.

Part 4 makes provision for a regulator to charge for services undertaken pursuant to the Order, subject to the approval of the charge scheme by the relevant minister, its publication, and any revision of the charges.

Part 5 makes provision for compliance monitoring by a regulator or an authorised person. These provisions include the enabling of inspections, the issuing of warrants, and the issuing of information notices by a regulator.

Part 6 sets out the enforcement requirements of the Order. The provisions include the requirements and issue of enforcement and penalty notices by a regulator, and establish the civil penalties which are applied to the specified acts or omissions of an aeroplane operator or other person in relation to the requirements of the Order. Those acts or omissions include failing to apply, or make revised application, for an emissions monitoring plan, failing to monitor emissions, failing to report emissions, failing to keep records, failing to comply with enforcement notice given by a regulator, failing to comply with an information notice, providing false or misleading information, etc. and refusing to allow access to premises for an inspection by a regulator or authorised person.

Part 7, in conjunction with Schedules 7 and 8, establishes appeals bodies, the right of appeal against certain decisions of a regulator, the effect of an appeal on the matter being appealed, and the appeals procedures.

Part 8 gives effect to the Schedules and makes provision for consequential amendments and savings in relation to the retained EU law which introduced the initial monitoring and reporting requirements for CORSIA through the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme.

A full impact assessment has not been produced for this instrument, as no significant impact on the private or voluntary sectors is foreseen. An Explanatory Memorandum has been published alongside this Order on the UK legislation website, www.legislation.gov.uk.