Property Factors (Scotland) Act 2011

2011 asp 8

The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on 3rd March 2011 and received Royal Assent on 7th April 2011

An Act of the Scottish Parliament to establish a register of property factors and require property factors to be registered; to make provision in relation to the resolution of disputes between homeowners and property factors; and for connected purposes.

Part 1 S Registration of property factors

Establishment of register etc. S

1 Register of property factors S

(1) The Scottish Ministers are to prepare and maintain a register of property factors for the purposes of this Part (“the register”).

(2) The register must be available for public inspection at all reasonable times.

[F1 (2A) The Scottish Ministers may omit any material which falls within section 5(2) from the register made available for public inspection if they consider it appropriate to do so.]

(3) In this Part, “registered” means registered in the register, and “unregistered” means not registered in the register.

Textual Amendments

F1 S. 1(2A) inserted (3.10.2012) by The Property Factors (Scotland) Act 2011 (Modification) Order 2012 (S.S.I. 2012/269), arts. 1, 2

Commencement Information

I1 S. 1(1) in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

I2 S. 1(2) in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

I3 S. 1(3) in force at 23.9.2011 by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

2 Meaning of “property factor” S

(1) In this Act, “property factor” means––

(a) a person who, in the course of that person's business, manages the common parts of land owned by two or more other persons and used to any extent for residential purposes,

(b) a local authority or housing association which manages the common parts of land used to any extent for residential purposes and owned—

(i) by two or more other persons, or

(ii) by the local authority or housing association and one or more other person,

(c) a person who, in the course of that person's business, manages or maintains land which is available for use by the owners of any two or more adjoining or neighbouring residential properties (but only where the owners of those properties are required by the terms of the title deeds relating to the properties to pay for the cost of the management or maintenance of that land), and

(d) a local authority or housing association which manages or maintains land which is available for use by—

(i) the owners of any two or more adjoining or neighbouring residential properties, or

(ii) the local authority or housing association and the owners of any one or more such properties,

but only where the owners of those properties are required by the terms of the title deeds relating to the properties to pay for the cost of the management or maintenance of that land.

(2) Despite subsection (1), the following are not property factors for the purposes of this Act—

(a) a person so far as managing or maintaining land on behalf of the Crown that was acquired by virtue of Her Majesty's prerogative rights in relation to unclaimed or ownerless land,

(b) an owners' association established by the development management scheme (within the meaning of the Title Conditions (Scotland) Act 2003 (asp 9)) so far as managing or maintaining common parts or land in accordance with the scheme,

(c) a person so far as managing or maintaining common parts or land on behalf of another person who is a property factor in relation to the same common parts or land.

(3) The Scottish Ministers may by order modify either or both of subsections (1) and (2).

(4) An order under subsection (3) may make such consequential modifications of any other provision of this Act as may be necessary or appropriate.

(5) An order under subsection (3) is not to be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing the order has been laid before, and approved by resolution of, the Scottish Parliament.

(6) In this Part—

• “housing association” has the meaning given by section 1 of the Housing Associations Act 1985 (c.69),

• “local authority” means a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 (c.39).

Commencement Information

I4 S. 2 in force at 23.9.2011 by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

Registration S

3 Application for registration S

(1) A person who is, or intends to become, a property factor may apply to the Scottish Ministers for entry in the register.

(2) An application under subsection (1) must specify––

(a) the full name and business address of the person, and if formed and registered under the Companies Acts, the company's registered number,

(b) whether the person is trading as a sole trader, partnership or company or has some other legal status,

(c) where the person is not trading as a sole trader, the full name and business address of the individual who holds the most senior position within the management structure of the partnership, company or body which is (or is to be) directly concerned with the control or governance of the property factor,

(d) the full name and address of any other person who is (or is to be) directly concerned with the control or governance of the property factor,

(e) any dwelling houses, flats or land in relation to which the person acts, or expects to act, as a property factor, and

(f) such other information as the Scottish Ministers may by regulations prescribe.

(3) An application under subsection (1) must be—

(a) signed by the responsible person, and

(b) subject to subsection (4), accompanied by such fee as the Scottish Ministers may determine.

(4) Subject to subsection (5), the Scottish Ministers may by regulations prescribe for the purposes of subsection (3)(b)––

(a) fees,

(b) how fees are to be arrived at,

(c) cases in which no fee is payable.

(5) The Scottish Ministers must secure that, taking one financial year with another, the income from fees under this section and section 7 does not exceed the total cost incurred in exercising their functions under this Part.

(6) A person who, in an application under this section––

(a) specifies information which the person knows is false in a material particular, or

(b) knowingly fails to specify information required by subsection (2),

is guilty of an offence.

(7) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (6) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (2)(d) and section 5, persons who are directly concerned in the control or governance of a property factor include any person who owns 25% or more of the equity in a business which is a property factor.

(9) In this Part, the “responsible person” is—

(a) where the person making the application under subsection (1) is a sole trader, that person,

(b) in any other case, the person specified in the application by virtue of subsection (2)(c).

Commencement Information

I5 S. 3 in force at 23.9.2011 for specified purposes by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

I6 S. 3 in force at 1.7.2012 in so far as not already in force by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

4 Registration S

(1) This section applies where a person makes an application to the Scottish Ministers in accordance with section 3.

(2) In any case where the Scottish Ministers are considering refusing to enter a person in the register, they must before doing so—

(a) give notice to the responsible person that refusal is under consideration, and

(b) allow the person who made the application under section 3(1) an opportunity to make representations to them.

(3) Notice under subsection (2) must be accompanied by a written statement of the Scottish Ministers' reasons for proposing to refuse to enter the person in the register.

(4) The Scottish Ministers must enter the person in the register if, having considered the application and taken account of any representations made by virtue of subsection (2), they are satisfied—

(a) where the person has not previously been registered, that the person is a fit and proper person to be a property factor,

(b) where the person is, or has previously been, registered, that—

(i) the person is a fit and proper person to be a property factor,

(ii) the person has demonstrated compliance with section 13(3),

(iii) the person has, while registered, demonstrated compliance with the property factor code of conduct, and

(iv) the person has demonstrated compliance with a property factor enforcement order made against the person by a homeowner housing committee.

(5) Otherwise, the Scottish Ministers must refuse to enter the person in the register.

(6) An entry under subsection (4) must include the information specified in the application by virtue of paragraphs (a) to (f) of section 3(2).

(7) Subject to section 8, where the Scottish Ministers make an entry under subsection (4), they must remove the entry from the register—

(a) on the expiry of the period of 3 years beginning with the day on which the entry is made, or

(b) where the person to whom the entry relates—

(i) has made a further application for entry in the register under section 3(1), and

(ii) that application has not been determined on the expiry of the period mentioned in paragraph (a),

on the determination of that further application.

(8) For the purposes of––

(a) subsection (7)(b), an application is determined only when—

(i) the period within which any appeal under section 11(2) in relation to the application may be made expires (without such an appeal being made), or

(ii) any such appeal is concluded,

(b) paragraph (a)(ii), an appeal is concluded only when—

(i) the period within which an appeal under section 11(9) may be made has expired without such an appeal being made, or

(ii) any such appeal has been concluded.

Commencement Information

I7 S. 4 in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

5 Section 4: considerations S

(1) In deciding for the purposes of section 4(4)(a) or (b)(i) whether a person is a fit and proper person to be a property factor, the Scottish Ministers are to have regard (among other things) to any material falling within subsections (2) to (4).

(2) Material falls within this subsection if it shows that any person who is (or is to be) directly concerned with the control or governance of the property factor, has––

(a) been convicted of any offence involving––

(i) fraud or other dishonesty,

(ii) violence, or

(iii) drugs,

(b) practised unlawful discrimination on the grounds of any of the protected characteristics in Part 2 of the Equality Act 2010 (c.15), or

(c) contravened any provision of the law relating to tenements, property or debt.

(3) Material falls within this subsection if it shows the extent to which any other property factor with which the person (or any other person who is, or is to be, directly concerned with the control or governance of the property factor) is or has previously been involved demonstrates or demonstrated compliance with—

(a) the property factor code of conduct, and

(b) any property factor enforcement order made against that other property factor by a homeowner housing committee.

(4) Where the person is, or has previously been, registered, material falls within this subsection if it shows that the person has failed to pay any charges imposed by virtue of section 26.

Commencement Information

I8 S. 5 in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

6 Notification of registration, refusal to register or removal S

Where the Scottish Ministers—

(a) enter a person in the register under section 4(4),

(b) refuse to enter a person in the register under section 4(5), or

(c) remove an entry under section 4(7),

they must, as soon as practicable after doing so, give notice to the responsible person of that fact and, in a case mentioned in paragraph (a) or (c), the date of entry or, as the case may be, removal.

Commencement Information

I9 S. 6 in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

7 Duty of responsible person to provide information S

(1) This section applies where a property factor is registered.

(2) Where in consequence of a change in circumstances any information provided by the property factor to the Scottish Ministers by virtue of section 3(2)(a) to (d) or, as the case may be, this subsection, becomes inaccurate, the responsible person must, as soon as practicable after the inaccuracy arises, give notice to the Scottish Ministers of the change that has occurred.

(3) The property factor must, no later than three months after the end of each financial year, give notice to the Scottish Ministers—

(a) of any dwelling houses, flats or land in relation to which the property factor has acted as property factor during that financial year, or

(b) if there has been no change in that information since—

(i) the date of the last notice given under this subsection, or

(ii) if the person became registered as a property factor during the financial year, the date on which the person provided the information referred to in section 3(2)(e),

that there has been no change in that information.

(4) Subject to subsection (5), any notice given under subsection (2) or (3) must be accompanied by such fee as the Scottish Ministers may determine.

(5) Subject to section 3(5), the Scottish Ministers may by regulations prescribe for the purposes of subsection (4)––

(a) fees,

(b) how fees are to be arrived at,

(c) cases in which no fee is payable.

(6) A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with subsection (2) or (3) is guilty of an offence.

(7) A person who, in a notice under subsection (2) or (3), provides information which the person knows is false in a material particular, is guilty of an offence.

(8) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (6) or (7) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

Commencement Information

I10 S. 7 in force at 23.9.2011 for specified purposes by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

I11 S. 7 in force at 1.7.2012 in so far as not already in force by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

Removal from register etc. S

8 Removal from register S

(1) Subject to subsections (4) and (6), the Scottish Ministers may remove a property factor from the register if subsection (2) or (3) applies.

(2) This subsection applies where a property factor is registered by virtue of section 4(4)(a) and the Scottish Ministers consider that—

(a) the property factor is no longer a fit and proper person to be registered as a property factor,

(b) the property factor has failed to comply with section 13(3), or

(c) the property factor has failed to demonstrate compliance with—

(i) the property factor code of conduct, or

(ii) any property factor enforcement order made against the property factor by a homeowner housing committee.

(3) This subsection applies where a property factor is registered by virtue of section 4(4)(b) and the Scottish Ministers consider that one or more of the conditions specified in sub-paragraphs (i) to (iv) of that section is no longer met.

(4) Before removing a property factor from the register under subsection (1) the Scottish Ministers must––

(a) give notice to the responsible person that removal under that subsection is under consideration, and

(b) allow the property factor an opportunity to make representations to them.

(5) Notice under subsection (4) must be accompanied by a written statement of the Scottish Ministers' reasons for proposing to remove the property factor from the register under subsection (1).

(6) The Scottish Ministers must not remove the property factor from the register under subsection (1) unless they are satisfied, after taking account of any representations made to them under subsection (4)(b), that subsection (2) or (3) applies.

(7) Where the Scottish Ministers decide to remove a property factor from the register under subsection (1), they must, as soon as practicable after doing so, give notice of that fact (and the date of removal, which must be a date no less than 21 days after the date notice is given under this subsection) to the responsible person and give public notice of the date of removal.

Commencement Information

I12 S. 8 in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

9 Effect of refusal to enter in register or removal from register S

(1) Subsection (2) applies where the Scottish Ministers—

(a) refuse under section 4(5) an application for entry in the register by a person who is operating as a property factor on the day on which section 3 comes into force,

(b) remove a property factor from the register under section 4(7), or

(c) remove a property factor from the register under section 8(1).

(2) After the relevant date––

(a) no costs incurred by the property factor in respect of work instructed after the relevant date are recoverable,

(b) no charge imposed by the property factor which relates to a period after the relevant date is recoverable,

(c) homeowners may appoint new property factors (or decide to manage their properties without appointing a property factor) in accordance with the procedures made in relation to such decisions in their title deeds or, as the case may be, the Tenement Management Scheme,

(d) the property factor may not lodge a notice of potential liability for costs under section 13(1) of the Tenements (Scotland) Act 2004 (asp 11) in respect of work instructed after the relevant date.

(3) The Scottish Ministers must, as soon as practicable after the relevant date, give public notice of—

(a) the refusal or removal mentioned in subsection (1)(a), (b) or, as the case may be, (c),

(b) the relevant date, and

(c) the effect of subsection (2).

Commencement Information

I13 S. 9 in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

10 Section 9: interpretation etc. S

(1) For the purposes of section 9(1)(b), a property factor is not removed from the register where the entry removed under section 4(7) is replaced, before or at the time of the removal, by another entry made by virtue of a further application for entry in the register under section 3(1) by the person to whom the entry removed under section 4(7) relates.

(2) In section 9, “relevant date” means—

(a) in relation to a case mentioned in section 9(1)(a) or (c), the day after the day on which––

(i) the period within which any appeal under section 11(2) may be made expires (without such an appeal being made), or

(ii) any such appeal is concluded (without the Scottish Ministers being required to enter the applicant in the register),

(b) in relation to a case mentioned in section 9(1)(b), the day after the day on which the entry in the register is removed under section 4(7).

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), an appeal is concluded only when—

(a) the period within which an appeal under section 11(9) may be made has expired without such an appeal being made, or

(b) any such appeal has been concluded.

(4) In section 9(2)(c), “Tenement Management Scheme” has the meaning given by section 29(1) of the Tenements (Scotland) Act 2004.

(5) In this Act, “homeowner” means—

(a) an owner of land used to any extent for residential purposes the common parts of which are managed by a property factor, or

(b) an owner of residential property adjoining or neighbouring land which is—

(i) managed or maintained by a property factor, and

(ii) available for use by the owner.

Commencement Information

I14 S. 10(1)-(4) in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

I15 S. 10(5) in force at 23.9.2011 by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

Appeals S

11 Appeal against refusal to register or removal from register S

(1) This section applies where the Scottish Ministers––

(a) refuse to enter a person in the register under section 4(5), or

(b) remove a property factor from the register under section 8(1).

(2) A person mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (b) (“the applicant”) may, not later than 21 days after the day on which the responsible person receives notice under section 6 or 8(7), appeal to the sheriff against the refusal or, as the case may be, removal.

(3) After giving the parties an opportunity to be heard, the court may, if it considers that it is reasonable to do so having regard to the factors mentioned in subsection (4), require the Scottish Ministers to enter the applicant in the register.

(4) The factors are—

(a) in a case where the applicant has not previously been registered, that the applicant is a fit and proper person to be a property factor,

(b) in any other case, the conditions mentioned in section 4(4)(b).

(5) Section 5 applies for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of section 4, but with the references to the Scottish Ministers being read as references to the court.

(6) The court is to give reasons for its decision under subsection (3) in writing.

(7) An entry made by virtue of subsection (3) is to be treated as if—

(a) in a case where the applicant has not previously been registered, it is an entry made by virtue of section 4(4)(a),

(b) in any other case, it is an entry made by virtue of section 4(4)(b).

(8) An appeal under subsection (2) is to be made by summary application to the sheriff.

(9) An appeal on a point of law only against the decision of a sheriff on an application under subsection (2) may be made to the sheriff principal.

(10) An appeal under subsection (9) must be made not later than 21 days after the day on which the decision appealed against is made.

(11) The decision of the sheriff principal on an appeal under subsection (9) is final.

Commencement Information

I16 S. 11 in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

Enforcement S

12 Offence of operating as a property factor without registration S

(1) Except where subsection (2) or (3) applies, a person who operates as a property factor while unregistered is guilty of an offence.

(2) This subsection applies where––

(a) a person who is operating as a property factor on the day on which section 3 comes into force has made an application for entry in the register, and

(b) the application has not yet been determined by the Scottish Ministers under section 4.

(3) This subsection applies where a property factor has been removed from the register under section 8(1) but only until—

(a) the period within which any appeal under section 11(2) in relation to the removal may be made expires (without such an appeal being made), or

(b) any such appeal is concluded.

(4) It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (1) to show that there was a reasonable excuse for acting in the way charged.

(5) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (1) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both.

(6) Where—

(a) an offence under subsection (1) has been committed by a body corporate or a Scottish partnership or other unincorporated association, and

(b) it is proved that the offence was committed with the consent or connivance of, or was attributable to any neglect on the part of—

(i) a relevant individual, or

(ii) an individual purporting to act in the capacity of a relevant individual,

that individual, as well as the body corporate, Scottish partnership or other unincorporated association, is guilty of the offence and is liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

(7) In subsection (6), “relevant individual” means—

(a) in relation to a body corporate—

(i) a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body,

(ii) where the affairs of the body are managed by its members, a member,

(b) in relation to a Scottish partnership, a partner,

(c) in relation to an unincorporated association other than a Scottish partnership, a person who is concerned in the management or control of the association.

(8) For the purposes of––

(a) subsection (2)(b), an application is determined only when—

(i) the period within which any appeal under section 11(2) in relation to the application may be made expires (without such an appeal being made), or

(ii) any such appeal is concluded,

(b) subsection (3)(b) and paragraph (a)(ii) of this subsection, an appeal is concluded only when—

(i) the period within which an appeal under section 11(9) may be made has expired without such an appeal being made, or

(ii) any such appeal has been concluded.

Commencement Information

I17 S. 12 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

Property factor registered numbers S

13 Property factor registered numbers S

(1) The Scottish Ministers must allocate a number to each registered property factor (the “property factor registered number”).

(2) The property factor registered number may be in such form, consisting of one or more sequences of letters or numbers, as the Scottish Ministers may determine.

(3) A registered property factor must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the property factor registered number is included in—

(a) any document sent to a homeowner,

(b) any other document or communication of such type as the Scottish Ministers may by order specify.

(4) Any person other than a registered property factor who, without reasonable excuse, uses a number purporting to be a property factor registered number in any document or communication commits an offence.

(5) Subsection (4) does not apply to a person who has been removed from the register under section 8(1) until—

(a) the period within which any appeal under section 11(2) in relation to the removal may be made expires (without such an appeal being made), or

(b) any such appeal is concluded.

(6) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (4) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (5)(b), an appeal is concluded only when––

(a) the period within which an appeal under section 11(9) may be made has expired without such an appeal being made, or

(b) any such appeal has been concluded.

Commencement Information

I18 S. 13 in force at 23.9.2011 for specified purposes by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

I19 S. 13 in force at 1.7.2012 in so far as not already in force by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

Code of conduct S

14 Code of conduct S

(1) The Scottish Ministers must from time to time prepare a code of conduct setting out minimum standards of practice for registered property factors (a “property factor code of conduct”).

(2) After preparing a property factor code of conduct, the Scottish Ministers––

(a) must—

(i) publish a draft of the code,

(ii) consult with such bodies as they consider appropriate and also with the general public about the draft, and

(iii) consider any representations about the draft made to them as a result of such consultation, and

(b) may amend the draft accordingly.

(3) After complying with subsection (2), the Scottish Ministers must, in the following order—

(a) lay the property factor code of conduct before the Scottish Parliament,

(b) publish the code, and

(c) bring the code into force on such day as they may by order appoint.

(4) An order under subsection (3)(c) is not to be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing the order has been laid before, and approved by resolution of, the Scottish Parliament.

(5) A registered property factor must ensure compliance with the property factor code of conduct for the time being in force.

Commencement Information

I20 S. 14 in force at 23.9.2011 by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

General S

15 Service of notices etc. S

(1) Any notice to be given to a responsible person under this Part may be––

(a) sent by post, by the recorded delivery service, to, or

(b) given by personal service by a sheriff officer at,

the address specified in the property factor's application for entry in the register by virtue of section 3(2)(a).

(2) A notice sent as mentioned in subsection (1)(a) is, unless the contrary is proved, to be treated as having been received on the next working day after the day on which it is sent.

(3) Public notice under this Part is given by––

(a) publishing a notice in one or more newspapers circulating in the locality where the property factor operates, and

(b) sending a copy of that notice by post, by the recorded delivery service, to each local authority in whose area the property factor operates.

Commencement Information

I21 S. 15 in force at 23.9.2011 by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

Part 2 S Dispute resolution

Exercise of functions under this Part S

16 Naming of panel and re-naming of committees S

(1) The panel constituted under Schedule 4 to the Rent (Scotland) Act 1984 (c.58), the president of the panel and committees constituted in accordance with that Schedule have, in addition to the functions mentioned in section 21(3) of the Housing (Scotland) Act 2006 (asp 1), the functions conferred on them by this Act.

(2) When exercising the functions conferred on them by this Act, that panel and those committees are to be known as, respectively, the homeowner housing panel and homeowner housing committees.

(3) It is for the president to monitor the exercise by those committees of the functions conferred on them by this Act.

(4) Those committees must comply with any direction, and have regard to any guidance, given by the president in connection with the exercise of those functions.

(5) But the president may not give any such direction in relation to a particular case.

(6) Directions or guidance given under subsection (4) may be varied or revoked at any time.

(7) The president's functions under this Act may, where the president is absent or incapacitated, be exercised by the vice-president of the panel.

Commencement Information

I22 S. 16 in force at 1.7.2012 by S.S.I. 2012/149, art. 2, sch. (with art. 3)

Application and referral S

17 Application to homeowner housing panel S

(1) A homeowner may apply to the homeowner housing panel for determination of whether a property factor has failed—

(a) to carry out the property factor's duties,

(b) to ensure compliance with the property factor code of conduct as required by section 14(5) (the “section 14 duty”).

(2) An application under subsection (1) must set out the homeowner's reasons for considering that the property factor has failed to carry out the property factor's duties or, as the case may be, to comply with the section 14 duty.

(3) No such application may be made unless––

(a) the homeowner has notified the property factor in writing as to why the homeowner considers that the property factor has failed to carry out the property factor's duties or, as the case may be, to comply with the section 14 duty, and

(b) the property factor has refused to resolve, or unreasonably delayed in attempting to resolve, the homeowner's concern.

(4) References in this Act to a failure to carry out a property factor's duties include references to a failure to carry them out to a reasonable standard.

(5) In this Act, “property factor's duties” means, in relation to a homeowner—

(a) duties in relation to the management of the common parts of land owned by the homeowner, or

(b) duties in relation to the management or maintenance of land—

(i) adjoining or neighbouring residential property owned by the homeowner, and

(ii) available for use by the homeowner.

Commencement Information

I23 S. 17 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

18 Referral to homeowner housing committee S

(1) The president of the homeowner housing panel must decide whether to––

(a) refer an application under section 17(1) to a homeowner housing committee, or

(b) reject the application.

(2) The president may reject an application only if the president considers––

(a) that it is vexatious or frivolous,

(b) that the homeowner has not afforded the property factor a reasonable opportunity to resolve the dispute,

(c) where the homeowner has previously made an identical or substantially similar application in relation to the same property, that a reasonable period of time has not elapsed between the applications, or

(d) that the dispute to which the application relates has been resolved.

(3) The president must make a decision under subsection (1)––

(a) within 14 days of the panel's receipt of the application concerned, or

(b) where the president considers––

(i) that the decision cannot be made without further information, or

(ii) that there is a reasonable prospect of the dispute being resolved by the parties,

by such later date as the president considers reasonable.

(4) The president must, as soon as practicable after rejecting an application, give notice of the rejection––

(a) to the homeowner, and

(b) where the president is aware of the name and address of a person who acts for the homeowner in relation to the application, to that person.

(5) Such a notice must––

(a) set out the reasons for the rejection, and

(b) explain the procedure for appealing against it.

Commencement Information

I24 S. 18 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

Property factor enforcement orders S

19 Determination by homeowner housing committee S

(1) The homeowner housing committee to which a homeowner's application under section 17(1) is referred must decide—

(a) whether the property factor has failed to carry out the property factor's duties or, as the case may be, to comply with the section 14 duty, and

(b) if so, whether to make a property factor enforcement order.

(2) In any case where the committee proposes to make a property factor enforcement order, they must before doing so––

(a) give notice of the proposal to the property factor, and

(b) allow the parties an opportunity to make representations to them.

(3) If the committee are satisfied, after taking account of any representations made under subsection (2)(b), that the property factor has failed to carry out the property factor's duties or, as the case may be, to comply with the section 14 duty, the committee must make a property factor enforcement order.

(4) Subject to section 22, no matter adjudicated on by the homeowner housing committee may be adjudicated on by another court or tribunal.

Commencement Information

I25 S. 19 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

20 Property factor enforcement orders S

(1) A property factor enforcement order is an order requiring the property factor to––

(a) execute such action as the homeowner housing committee considers necessary,

(b) where appropriate, make such payment to the homeowner as the committee considers reasonable.

(2) A property factor enforcement order must specify the period within which any action required must be executed or any payment required must be made.

(3) A property factor enforcement order may specify particular steps which the property factor must take.

Commencement Information

I26 S. 20 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

21 Variation and revocation of property factor enforcement orders S

(1) The homeowner housing committee which made a property factor enforcement order may, at any time––

(a) vary the order in such manner as they consider reasonable, or

(b) where they consider that the action required by the order is no longer necessary, revoke it.

(2) Where subsection (3) applies, the committee must vary the property factor enforcement order––

(a) so as to extend, or further extend, the period within which any action required by the order must be executed, and

(b) in such other manner as they think fit.

(3) This subsection applies where––

(a) the committee consider, on the submission of the property factor or otherwise, that any action required by a property factor enforcement order has not been, or will not be, executed during the period within which the order requires the work to be executed, and

(b) the committee––

(i) consider that satisfactory progress has been made in executing the action required, or

(ii) have received a written undertaking from the property factor stating that the action required will be executed by a later date which the committee consider satisfactory.

(4) References in this Act to a property factor enforcement order or to action required by such an order are, where the order has been varied under this section, to be treated as references to the order as so varied or, as the case may be, to action required by the order as so varied.

Commencement Information

I27 S. 21 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

Appeals S

22 Appeals S

(1) An appeal on a point of law only may be made by summary application to the sheriff against a decision of the president of the homeowner housing panel or a homeowner housing committee.

(2) An appeal under subsection (1) must be made within the period of 21 days beginning with the day on which the decision appealed against is made.

(3) The decision of the sheriff under this section is final.

Commencement Information

I28 S. 22 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

Effect of failure to comply with property factor enforcement order S

23 Effect of failure to comply with property factor enforcement order S

(1) It is for the homeowner housing committee to decide whether a property factor has failed to comply with a property factor enforcement order made by the committee.

(2) Where the committee decide that a property factor has failed to comply with the property factor enforcement order, the committee must serve notice of the failure on the Scottish Ministers.

(3) The committee may not decide that a property factor has failed to comply with a property factor enforcement order––

(a) unless the period within which the order requires any work to be executed has ended, or

(b) if the committee are satisfied, on the submission of the property factor or otherwise––

(i) that the property factor is unable to comply with the order because of a lack of necessary rights (of access or otherwise) despite having taken reasonable steps for the purposes of acquiring those rights, or

(ii) that any action required by the order is likely to endanger any person.

(4) Where the committee are prevented by reason only of subsection (3)(b) from deciding that a property factor has failed to comply with a property factor enforcement order, the committee must serve notice on the Scottish Ministers stating that they consider the property factor to be unable to comply with the property factor enforcement order.

Commencement Information

I29 S. 23 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

24 Property factor enforcement order: offences S

(1) A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with a property factor enforcement order commits an offence.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), a person has reasonable excuse for failing to comply with a property factor enforcement order if––

(a) the person is unable to comply with the order because of a lack of necessary rights (of access or otherwise) despite having taken reasonable steps for the purposes of acquiring those rights, or

(b) any action required by the order is likely to endanger any person.

(3) Subsection (2) does not affect the generality of the defence of reasonable excuse.

(4) A person cannot be guilty of an offence under subsection (1) unless the homeowner housing committee which made the property factor enforcement order in question have decided under section 23(1) that the property factor has failed to comply with it (but such a decision does not establish a presumption that the person has committed an offence under subsection (1)).

(5) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.

Commencement Information

I30 S. 24 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

General S

25 Power to make further provision about applications etc. S

The Scottish Ministers may by regulations make further provision about the procedure for making applications under section 17 and the making of decisions in relation to such applications.

Commencement Information

I31 S. 25 in force at 23.9.2011 by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

26 Recovery of costs from property factors in relation to certain applications and orders S

(1) The Scottish Ministers may by regulations make provision about the recovery of relevant costs from property factors where—

(a) the president of the homeowner housing panel refers an application to a homeowner housing committee under section 18(1)(a),

(b) a homeowner housing committee makes a property factor enforcement order against a factor.

(2) In this section, “relevant costs” means costs incurred by—

(a) the homeowner housing panel,

(b) the president of the panel,

(c) homeowner housing committees,

in relation to the exercise of functions conferred by sections 16 to 25 of this Act.

(3) Regulations under subsection (1) may in particular—

(a) provide for charges to be imposed on property factors,

(b) provide for charges to be imposed in either or both of the circumstances referred to in subsection (1),

(c) provide for different charges to be imposed in different cases or different classes of case,

(d) confer functions (including functions relating to the imposition and determination of charges) on—

(i) the homeowner housing panel,

(ii) the president of the panel,

(iii) homeowner housing committees,

(e) make provision about how charges may be recovered.

(4) The Scottish Ministers must, in exercising their functions under subsection (1), secure that the income from any charges imposed by virtue of the regulations does not exceed the relevant costs.

(5) Regulations under subsection (1) may modify any enactment (including this Act).

(6) Regulations under subsection (1) are not to be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing the regulations has been laid before, and approved by resolution of, the Scottish Parliament.

Commencement Information

I32 S. 26 in force at 23.9.2011 by S.S.I. 2011/328, art. 2, sch.

27 Annual report S

(1) The president of the homeowner housing panel must, in respect of each reporting year, prepare a report on the exercise of functions by the president and by homeowner housing committees during that year.

(2) The president must submit each such report to the Scottish Ministers as soon as practicable after the end of the reporting year to which it relates.

(3) The Scottish Ministers must lay before the Scottish Parliament a copy of each such report submitted to them.

(4) A reporting year for the purposes of this section is––

(a) the period beginning with the day on which this section comes into force and ending with 31 December next following that date, and

(b) each successive calendar year.

Commencement Information

I33 S. 27 in force at 1.10.2012, see s. 33(2)

Part 3 S Miscellaneous and general

28 Delegation of functions S

(1) The Scottish Ministers may by order provide that any of their functions under this Act are to be performed on their behalf by such other person as may be specified in the order.

(2) An order under subsection (1) is not to be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing the order has been laid before, and approved by resolution of, the Scottish Parliament.

(3) Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to Scottish Ministers' functions under that subsection and sections 2(3), 3(2)(f), (3)(b), (4) and (5), 7(4) and (5), 13(3), 14(3)(a) and (c), 25, 26(1), 27(3), 29(1) and 33(2).

29 Ancillary provision S

(1) The Scottish Ministers may by order make such incidental, supplementary, consequential, transitional, transitory or saving provision as they consider appropriate for the purposes of, in consequence of, or for giving full effect to, any provision of this Act.

(2) An order under subsection (1) may modify any enactment (including this Act).

(3) An order under subsection (1) is not to be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing the order has been laid before, and approved by resolution of, the Scottish Parliament.

30 Orders and regulations S

(1) Any power of the Scottish Ministers under this Act to make an order or regulations is exercisable by statutory instrument.

(2) Any such power includes power to make––

(a) different provision for different cases or different classes of case, and

(b) such incidental, supplementary, consequential, transitional, transitory or saving provision as the Scottish Ministers think necessary or expedient.

(3) A statutory instrument containing an order or regulations made under this Act (except an order under section 2(3), 14(3)(c), 28(1), 29(1) or 33(2) or regulations under section 26(1)) is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the Scottish Parliament.

31 Interpretation S

In this Act—

• “applicant” has the meaning given by section 11(2),

• “homeowner” has the meaning given by section 10(5),

• “local authority” has the meaning given by section 2(6),

• “relevant date” has the meaning given by section 10(2),

• “property factor” has the meaning given by section 2(1),

• “property factor code of conduct” has the meaning given by section 14(1),

• “property factor enforcement order” has the meaning given by section 20(1),

• “property factor's duties” has the meaning given by section 17(5),

• “register” (and “registered” and “unregistered”) has the meaning given by section 1,

• “section 14 duty” has the meaning given by section 14(5),

• “Tenement Management Scheme” has the meaning given by section 10(4).

32 Crown application S

(1) No contravention by the Crown of any provision of this Act makes the Crown criminally liable.

(2) However, the Court of Session may, on the application of the Scottish Ministers, declare unlawful any act or omission of the Crown which constitutes such a contravention.

33 Short title and commencement S

(1) This Act may be cited as the Property Factors (Scotland) Act 2011.

(2) This Act (except this Part) comes into force on 1 October 2012 or such earlier date as the Scottish Ministers may by order appoint.

(3) This Part comes into force at the beginning of the day after the day on which the Bill for this Act receives Royal Assent.

(4) An order under subsection (2) may appoint different days for different purposes.