Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the CouncilDangos y teitl llawn

ANNEX I U.K. National overall targets for the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2020(1)

A. National overall targets U.K.

	Share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy, 2005 (S2005)	Target for share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy, 2020 (S2020)
Belgium	2,2 %	13 %
Bulgaria	9,4 %	16 %
Czech Republic	6,1 %	13 %
Denmark	17,0 %	30 %
Germany	5,8 %	18 %
Estonia	18,0 %	25 %
Ireland	3,1 %	16 %
Greece	6,9 %	18 %
Spain	8,7 %	20 %
France	10,3 %	23 %
[F1 Croatia	12,6 %	20 %]
Italy	5,2 %	17 %
Cyprus	2,9 %	13 %
Latvia	32,6 %	40 %
Lithuania	15,0 %	23 %
Luxembourg	0,9 %	11 %
Hungary	4,3 %	13 %
Malta	0,0 %	10 %
Netherlands	2,4 %	14 %
Austria	23,3 %	34 %
Poland	7,2 %	15 %
Portugal	20,5 %	31 %
Romania	17,8 %	24 %
Slovenia	16,0 %	25 %
Slovak Republic	6,7 %	14 %
Finland	28,5 %	38 %
Sweden	39,8 %	49 %
United Kingdom	1,3 %	15 %

Textual Amendments

F1 Inserted by Council Directive 2013/18/EU of 13 May 2013 adapting Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Croatia.

B. Indicative trajectory U.K.

The indicative trajectory referred to in Article 3(2) shall consist of the following shares of energy from renewable sources:

S₂₀₀₅ + 0,20 (S₂₀₂₀ – S₂₀₀₅), as an average for the two-year period 2011 to 2012;

S₂₀₀₅ + 0,30 (S₂₀₂₀ – S₂₀₀₅), as an average for the two-year period 2013 to 2014;

S₂₀₀₅ + 0,45 (S₂₀₂₀ – S₂₀₀₅), as an average for the two-year period 2015 to 2016; and

S₂₀₀₅ + 0,65 (S₂₀₂₀ – S₂₀₀₅), as an average for the two-year period 2017 to 2018,

where

S₂₀₀₅ = the share for that Member State in 2005 as indicated in the table in part A,

and

S₂₀₂₀ = the share for that Member State in 2020 as indicated in the table in part A.

ANNEX II U.K. Normalisation rule for accounting for electricity generated from hydropower and wind power

The following rule shall be applied for the purpose of accounting for electricity generated from hydropower in a given Member State:

where:

N

=

reference year;

Q_N(norm)

=

normalised electricity generated by all hydropower plants of the Member State in year N, for accounting purposes;

Q_i

=

the quantity of electricity actually generated in year i by all hydropower plants of the Member State measured in GWh, excluding production from pumped storage units using water that has previously been pumped uphill;

C_i

=

the total installed capacity, net of pumped storage, of all hydropower plants of the Member State at the end of year i, measured in MW.

The following rule shall be applied for the purpose of accounting for electricity generated from wind power in a given Member State:

where:

N

=

reference year;

Q_N(norm)

=

normalised electricity generated by all wind power plants of the Member State in year N, for accounting purposes;

Q_i

=

the quantity of electricity actually generated in year i by all wind power plants of the Member State measured in GWh;

C_j

=

the total installed capacity of all the wind power plants of the Member State at the end of year j, measured in MW;

n

=

4 or the number of years preceding year N for which capacity and production data are available for the Member State in question, whichever is lower.

ANNEX III U.K. Energy content of transport fuels

Fuel	Energy content by weight(lower calorific value, MJ/kg)	Energy content by volume(lower calorific value, MJ/l)
Bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass)	27	21
Bio-ETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the basis of bioethanol)	36 (of which 37 % from renewable sources)	27 (of which 37 % from renewable sources)
Biomethanol (methanol produced from biomass, to be used as biofuel)	20	16
Bio-MTBE (methyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the basis of bio-methanol)	35 (of which 22 % from renewable sources)	26 (of which 22 % from renewable sources)
Bio-DME (dimethylether produced from biomass, to be used as biofuel)	28	19
Bio-TAEE (tertiary-amyl-ethyl-ether produced on the basis of bioethanol)	38 (of which 29 % from renewable sources)	29 (of which 29 % from renewable sources)
Biobutanol (butanol produced from biomass, to be used as biofuel)	33	27
Biodiesel (methyl-ester produced from vegetable or animal oil, of diesel quality, to be used as biofuel)	37	33
Fischer-Tropsch diesel (a synthetic hydrocarbon or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons produced from biomass)	44	34
Hydrotreated vegetable oil (vegetable oil thermochemically treated with hydrogen)	44	34
Pure vegetable oil (oil produced from oil plants through pressing, extraction or comparable procedures, crude or refined but chemically unmodified, when compatible with the type of engines involved and the corresponding emission requirements)	37	34
Biogas (a fuel gas produced from biomass and/or from the biodegradable fraction of waste, that can be purified to natural gas quality, to be used as biofuel, or wood gas)	50	—
Petrol	43	32
Diesel	43	36

ANNEX IV U.K. Certification of installers

The certification schemes or equivalent qualification schemes referred to in Article 14(3) shall be based on the following criteria:

1.

The certification or qualification process shall be transparent and clearly defined by the Member State or the administrative body they appoint.

2.

Biomass, heat pump, shallow geothermal and solar photovoltaic and solar thermal installers shall be certified by an accredited training programme or training provider.

3.

The accreditation of the training programme or provider shall be effected by Member States or administrative bodies they appoint. The accrediting body shall ensure that the training programme offered by the training provider has continuity and regional or national coverage. The training provider shall have adequate technical facilities to provide practical training, including some laboratory equipment or corresponding facilities to provide practical training. The training provider shall also offer in addition to the basic training, shorter refresher courses on topical issues, including on new technologies, to enable life-long learning in installations. The training provider may be the manufacturer of the equipment or system, institutes or associations.

4.

The training leading to installer certification or qualification shall include both theoretical and practical parts. At the end of the training, the installer must have the skills required to install the relevant equipment and systems to meet the performance and reliability needs of the customer, incorporate quality craftsmanship, and comply with all applicable codes and standards, including energy and eco-labelling.

5.

The training course shall end with an examination leading to a certificate or qualification. The examination shall include a practical assessment of successfully installing biomass boilers or stoves, heat pumps, shallow geothermal installations, solar photovoltaic or solar thermal installations.

6.

The certification schemes or equivalent qualification schemes referred to in Article 14(3) shall take due account of the following guidelines:

(a)

Accredited training programmes should be offered to installers with work experience, who have undergone, or are undergoing, the following types of training:

(i)

in the case of biomass boiler and stove installers: training as a plumber, pipe fitter, heating engineer or technician of sanitary and heating or cooling equipment as a prerequisite;

(ii)

in the case of heat pump installers: training as a plumber or refrigeration engineer and have basic electrical and plumbing skills (cutting pipe, soldering pipe joints, gluing pipe joints, lagging, sealing fittings, testing for leaks and installation of heating or cooling systems) as a prerequisite;

(iii)

in the case of a solar photovoltaic or solar thermal installer: training as a plumber or electrician and have plumbing, electrical and roofing skills, including knowledge of soldering pipe joints, gluing pipe joints, sealing fittings, testing for plumbing leaks, ability to connect wiring, familiar with basic roof materials, flashing and sealing methods as a prerequisite; or

(iv)

a vocational training scheme to provide an installer with adequate skills corresponding to a three years education in the skills referred to in point (a), (b) or (c) including both classroom and workplace learning.

(b)

The theoretical part of the biomass stove and boiler installer training should give an overview of the market situation of biomass and cover ecological aspects, biomass fuels, logistics, fire protection, related subsidies, combustion techniques, firing systems, optimal hydraulic solutions, cost and profitability comparison as well as the design, installation, and maintenance of biomass boilers and stoves. The training should also provide good knowledge of any European standards for technology and biomass fuels, such as pellets, and biomass related national and Community law.

(c)

The theoretical part of the heat pump installer training should give an overview of the market situation for heat pumps and cover geothermal resources and ground source temperatures of different regions, soil and rock identification for thermal conductivity, regulations on using geothermal resources, feasibility of using heat pumps in buildings and determining the most suitable heat pump system, and knowledge about their technical requirements, safety, air filtering, connection with the heat source and system layout. The training should also provide good knowledge of any European standards for heat pumps, and of relevant national and Community law. The installer should demonstrate the following key competences:

(i)

a basic understanding of the physical and operation principles of a heat pump, including characteristics of the heat pump circle: context between low temperatures of the heat sink, high temperatures of the heat source, and the efficiency of the system, determination of the coefficient of performance (COP) and seasonal performance factor (SPF);

(ii)

an understanding of the components and their function within a heat pump circle, including the compressor, expansion valve, evaporator, condenser, fixtures and fittings, lubricating oil, refrigerant, superheating and sub-cooling and cooling possibilities with heat pumps; and

(iii)

the ability to choose and size the components in typical installation situations, including determining the typical values of the heat load of different buildings and for hot water production based on energy consumption, determining the capacity of the heat pump on the heat load for hot water production, on the storage mass of the building and on interruptible current supply; determine buffer tank component and its volume and integration of a second heating system.

(d)

The theoretical part of the solar photovoltaic and solar thermal installer training should give an overview of the market situation of solar products and cost and profitability comparisons, and cover ecological aspects, components, characteristics and dimensioning of solar systems, selection of accurate systems and dimensioning of components, determination of the heat demand, fire protection, related subsidies, as well as the design, installation, and maintenance of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal installations. The training should also provide good knowledge of any European standards for technology, and certification such as Solar Keymark, and related national and Community law. The installer should demonstrate the following key competences:

(i)

the ability to work safely using the required tools and equipment and implementing safety codes and standards and identify plumbing, electrical and other hazards associated with solar installations;

(ii)

the ability to identify systems and their components specific to active and passive systems, including the mechanical design, and determine the components’ location and system layout and configuration;

(iii)

the ability to determine the required installation area, orientation and tilt for the solar photovoltaic and solar water heater, taking account of shading, solar access, structural integrity, the appropriateness of the installation for the building or the climate and identify different installation methods suitable for roof types and the balance of system equipment required for the installation; and

(iv)

for solar photovoltaic systems in particular, the ability to adapt the electrical design, including determining design currents, selecting appropriate conductor types and ratings for each electrical circuit, determining appropriate size, ratings and locations for all associated equipment and subsystems and selecting an appropriate interconnection point.

(e)

The installer certification should be time restricted, so that a refresher seminar or event would be necessary for continued certification.

ANNEX V U.K. Rules for calculating the greenhouse gas impact of biofuels, bioliquids and their fossil fuel comparators

A. Typical and default values for biofuels if produced with no net carbon emissions from land-use change U.K.

a Not including animal oil produced from animal by-products classified as category 3 material in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 October 2002 laying down health rules on animal by-products not intended for human consumptionb
b JO L 273 du 10.10.2002, p. 1.
Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emission saving	Default greenhouse gas emission saving
sugar beet ethanol	61 %	52 %
wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified)	32 %	16 %
wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant)	32 %	16 %
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)	45 %	34 %
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	53 %	47 %
wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant)	69 %	69 %
corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	56 %	49 %
sugar cane ethanol	71 %	71 %
the part from renewable sources of ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE)	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
the part from renewable sources of tertiary-amyl-ethyl-ether (TAEE)	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
rape seed biodiesel	45 %	38 %
sunflower biodiesel	58 %	51 %
soybean biodiesel	40 %	31 %
palm oil biodiesel (process not specified)	36 %	19 %
palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill)	62 %	56 %
waste vegetable or animala oil biodiesel	88 %	83 %
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	51 %	47 %
hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	65 %	62 %
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified)	40 %	26 %
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill)	68 %	65 %
pure vegetable oil from rape seed	58 %	57 %
biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	80 %	73 %
biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	84 %	81 %
biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	86 %	82 %

B. Estimated typical and default values for future biofuels that were not on the market or were on the market only in negligible quantities in January 2008, if produced with no net carbon emissions from land-use change U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emission saving	Default greenhouse gas emission saving
wheat straw ethanol	87 %	85 %
waste wood ethanol	80 %	74 %
farmed wood ethanol	76 %	70 %
waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	95 %	95 %
farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	93 %	93 %
waste wood dimethylether (DME)	95 %	95 %
farmed wood DME	92 %	92 %
waste wood methanol	94 %	94 %
farmed wood methanol	91 %	91 %
the part from renewable sources of methyl-tertio-butyl-ether (MTBE)	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

C. Methodology U.K.

1. Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of transport fuels, biofuels and bioliquids shall be calculated as: U.K.

E = e_ec + e_l + e_p + e_td + e_u – e_sca – e_ccs – e_ccr – e_ee ,

where

E

=

total emissions from the use of the fuel;

e_ec

=

emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials;

e_l

=

annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change;

e_p

=

emissions from processing;

e_td

=

emissions from transport and distribution;

e_u

=

emissions from the fuel in use;

e_sca

=

emission saving from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management;

e_ccs

=

emission saving from carbon capture and geological storage;

e_ccr

=

emission saving from carbon capture and replacement; and

e_ee

=

emission saving from excess electricity from cogeneration.

Emissions from the manufacture of machinery and equipment shall not be taken into account.

2. Greenhouse gas emissions from fuels, E, shall be expressed in terms of grams of CO₂ equivalent per MJ of fuel, gCO_2eq/MJ. U.K.

3. By derogation from point 2, for transport fuels, values calculated in terms of gCO_2eq/MJ may be adjusted to take into account differences between fuels in useful work done, expressed in terms of km/MJ. Such adjustments shall be made only where evidence of the differences in useful work done is provided. U.K.

4. Greenhouse gas emission saving from biofuels and bioliquids shall be calculated as: U.K.

SAVING = (E_F – E_B )/E_F ,

where

E_B

=

total emissions from the biofuel or bioliquid; and

E_F

=

total emissions from the fossil fuel comparator.

5. The greenhouse gases taken into account for the purposes of point 1 shall be CO₂, N₂O and CH₄. For the purpose of calculating CO₂ equivalence, those gases shall be valued as follows: U.K.

CO₂

:

1

N₂O

:

296

CH₄

:

23

6. Emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials, e_ec, shall include emissions from the extraction or cultivation process itself; from the collection of raw materials; from waste and leakages; and from the production of chemicals or products used in extraction or cultivation. Capture of CO₂ in the cultivation of raw materials shall be excluded. Certified reductions of greenhouse gas emissions from flaring at oil production sites anywhere in the world shall be deducted. Estimates of emissions from cultivation may be derived from the use of averages calculated for smaller geographical areas than those used in the calculation of the default values, as an alternative to using actual values. U.K.

[F2 7. Annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change, e _l , shall be calculated by dividing total emissions equally over 20 years. For the calculation of those emissions, the following rule shall be applied: U.K.

e _l = (CS _R – CS _A ) × 3,664 × 1/20 × 1/P – e _B , (2)

where

e _l

=

annualised greenhouse gas emissions from carbon stock change due to land-use change (measured as mass (grams) of CO ₂ -equivalent per unit of biofuel or bioliquid energy (megajoules)). ‘Cropland’(3) and ‘perennial cropland’(4) shall be regarded as one land use;

CS _R

=

the carbon stock per unit area associated with the reference land-use (measured as mass (tonnes) of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation). The reference land-use shall be the land-use in January 2008 or 20 years before the raw material was obtained, whichever was the later;

CS _A

=

the carbon stock per unit area associated with the actual land-use (measured as mass (tonnes) of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation). In cases where the carbon stock accumulates over more than one year, the value attributed to CS _A shall be the estimated stock per unit area after 20 years or when the crop reaches maturity, whichever the earlier;

P

=

the productivity of the crop (measured as biofuel or bioliquid energy per unit area per year) and

e _B

=

bonus of 29 gCO _2eq /MJ biofuel or bioliquid if biomass is obtained from restored degraded land under the conditions provided for in point 8.]

Textual Amendments

F2 Substituted by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Text with EEA relevance).

8. The bonus of 29 gCO_2eq/MJ shall be attributed if evidence is provided that the land: U.K.

(a)

was not in use for agriculture or any other activity in January 2008; and

(b)

falls into one of the following categories:

(i)

severely degraded land, including such land that was formerly in agricultural use;

(ii)

heavily contaminated land.

The bonus of 29 gCO_2eq/MJ shall apply for a period of up to 10 years from the date of conversion of the land to agricultural use, provided that a steady increase in carbon stocks as well as a sizable reduction in erosion phenomena for land falling under (i) are ensured and that soil contamination for land falling under (ii) is reduced.

9. The categories referred to in point 8(b) are defined as follows: U.K.

(a)

‘severely degraded land’ means land that, for a significant period of time, has either been significantly salinated or presented significantly low organic matter content and has been severely eroded;

(b)

‘heavily contaminated land’ means land that is unfit for the cultivation of food and feed due to soil contamination.

Such land shall include land that has been the subject of a Commission decision in accordance with the fourth subparagraph of Article 18(4).

10. The Commission shall adopt, by 31 December 2009, guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks drawing on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories — volume 4. The Commission guidelines shall serve as the basis for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purposes of this Directive. U.K.

11. Emissions from processing, e_p , shall include emissions from the processing itself; from waste and leakages; and from the production of chemicals or products used in processing. U.K.

In accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the fuel production plant, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the average emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity in a defined region. By derogation from this rule, producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant, if that plant is not connected to the electricity grid.

12. Emissions from transport and distribution, e_td , shall include emissions from the transport and storage of raw and semi-finished materials and from the storage and distribution of finished materials. Emissions from transport and distribution to be taken into account under point 6 shall not be covered by this point. U.K.

13. Emissions from the fuel in use, e_u , shall be taken to be zero for biofuels and bioliquids. U.K.

14. Emission saving from carbon capture and geological storage e_ccs , that have not already been accounted for in e_p , shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture and sequestration of emitted CO₂ directly related to the extraction, transport, processing and distribution of fuel. U.K.

15. Emission saving from carbon capture and replacement, e_ccr , shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of CO₂ of which the carbon originates from biomass and which is used to replace fossil-derived CO₂ used in commercial products and services. U.K.

16. Emission saving from excess electricity from cogeneration, e_ee , shall be taken into account in relation to the excess electricity produced by fuel production systems that use cogeneration except where the fuel used for the cogeneration is a co-product other than an agricultural crop residue. In accounting for that excess electricity, the size of the cogeneration unit shall be assumed to be the minimum necessary for the cogeneration unit to supply the heat that is needed to produce the fuel. The greenhouse gas emission saving associated with that excess electricity shall be taken to be equal to the amount of greenhouse gas that would be emitted when an equal amount of electricity was generated in a power plant using the same fuel as the cogeneration unit. U.K.

17. Where a fuel production process produces, in combination, the fuel for which emissions are being calculated and one or more other products (co-products), greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the fuel or its intermediate product and the co-products in proportion to their energy content (determined by lower heating value in the case of co-products other than electricity). U.K.

18. For the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17, the emissions to be divided shall be e_ec + e_l + those fractions of e_p , e_td and e_ee that take place up to and including the process step at which a co-product is produced. If any allocation to co-products has taken place at an earlier process step in the life-cycle, the fraction of those emissions assigned in the last such process step to the intermediate fuel product shall be used for this purpose instead of the total of those emissions. U.K.

In the case of biofuels and bioliquids, all co-products, including electricity that does not fall under the scope of point 16, shall be taken into account for the purposes of that calculation, except for agricultural crop residues, including straw, bagasse, husks, cobs and nut shells. Co-products that have a negative energy content shall be considered to have an energy content of zero for the purpose of the calculation.

Wastes, agricultural crop residues, including straw, bagasse, husks, cobs and nut shells, and residues from processing, including crude glycerine (glycerine that is not refined), shall be considered to have zero life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions up to the process of collection of those materials.

In the case of fuels produced in refineries, the unit of analysis for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17 shall be the refinery.

19. For biofuels, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 4, the fossil fuel comparator E_F shall be the latest available actual average emissions from the fossil part of petrol and diesel consumed in the Community as reported under Directive 98/70/EC. If no such data are available, the value used shall be 83,8 gCO_2eq/MJ. U.K.

For bioliquids used for electricity production, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 4, the fossil fuel comparator E_F shall be 91 gCO_2eq/MJ.

For bioliquids used for heat production, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 4, the fossil fuel comparator E_F shall be 77 gCO_2eq/MJ.

For bioliquids used for cogeneration, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 4, the fossil fuel comparator E_F shall be 85 gCO_2eq/MJ.

D. Disaggregated default values for biofuels and bioliquids U.K.

Disaggregated default values for cultivation: ‘e_ec ’ as defined in part C of this Annex U.K.

a Not including animal oil produced from animal by-products classified as category 3 material in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002.
Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)
sugar beet ethanol	12	12
wheat ethanol	23	23
corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced	20	20
sugar cane ethanol	14	14
the part from renewable sources of ETBE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
the part from renewable sources of TAEE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
rape seed biodiesel	29	29
sunflower biodiesel	18	18
soybean biodiesel	19	19
palm oil biodiesel	14	14
waste vegetable or animala oil biodiesel	0	0
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	30	30
hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	18	18
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil	15	15
pure vegetable oil from rape seed	30	30
biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	0	0
biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	0	0
biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	0	0

Disaggregated default values for processing (including excess electricity): ‘e_p – e_ee ’ as defined in part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)
sugar beet ethanol	19	26
wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified)	32	45
wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant)	32	45
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)	21	30
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	14	19
wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant)	1	1
corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	15	21
sugar cane ethanol	1	1
the part from renewable sources of ETBE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
the part from renewable sources of TAEE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
rape seed biodiesel	16	22
sunflower biodiesel	16	22
soybean biodiesel	18	26
palm oil biodiesel (process not specified)	35	49
palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill)	13	18
waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel	9	13
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	10	13
hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	10	13
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified)	30	42
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill)	7	9
pure vegetable oil from rape seed	4	5
biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	14	20
biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	8	11
biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	8	11

Disaggregated default values for transport and distribution: ‘e_td ’ as defined in part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)
sugar beet ethanol	2	2
wheat ethanol	2	2
corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced	2	2
sugar cane ethanol	9	9
the part from renewable sources of ETBE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
the part from renewable sources of TAEE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
rape seed biodiesel	1	1
sunflower biodiesel	1	1
soybean biodiesel	13	13
palm oil biodiesel	5	5
waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel	1	1
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	1	1
hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	1	1
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil	5	5
pure vegetable oil from rape seed	1	1
biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	3	3
biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	5	5
biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	4	4

Total for cultivation, processing, transport and distribution U.K.

Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)
sugar beet ethanol	33	40
wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified)	57	70
wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant)	57	70
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)	46	55
wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	39	44
wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant)	26	26
corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	37	43
sugar cane ethanol	24	24
the part from renewable sources of ETBE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
the part from renewable sources of TAEE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
rape seed biodiesel	46	52
sunflower biodiesel	35	41
soybean biodiesel	50	58
palm oil biodiesel (process not specified)	54	68
palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill)	32	37
waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel	10	14
hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	41	44
hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	29	32
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified)	50	62
hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill)	27	29
pure vegetable oil from rape seed	35	36
biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	17	23
biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	13	16
biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	12	15

E. Estimated disaggregated default values for future biofuels and bioliquids that were not on the market or were only on the market in negligible quantities in January 2008 U.K.

Disaggregated default values for cultivation: ‘e_ec ’ as defined in part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)
wheat straw ethanol	3	3
waste wood ethanol	1	1
farmed wood ethanol	6	6
waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	1	1
farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	4	4
waste wood DME	1	1
farmed wood DME	5	5
waste wood methanol	1	1
farmed wood methanol	5	5
the part from renewable sources of MTBE	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

Disaggregated default values for processing (including excess electricity): ‘e_p – e_ee ’ as defined in part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)
wheat straw ethanol	5	7
wood ethanol	12	17
wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	0	0
wood DME	0	0
wood methanol	0	0
the part from renewable sources of MTBE	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

Disaggregated default values for transport and distribution: ‘e_td ’ as defined in part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)
wheat straw ethanol	2	2
waste wood ethanol	4	4
farmed wood ethanol	2	2
waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	3	3
farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	2	2
waste wood DME	4	4
farmed wood DME	2	2
waste wood methanol	4	4
farmed wood methanol	2	2
the part from renewable sources of MTBE	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

Total for cultivation, processing, transport and distribution U.K.

Biofuel and bioliquid production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions(gCO2eq/MJ)
wheat straw ethanol	11	13
waste wood ethanol	17	22
farmed wood ethanol	20	25
waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	4	4
farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	6	6
waste wood DME	5	5
farmed wood DME	7	7
waste wood methanol	5	5
farmed wood methanol	7	7
the part from renewable sources of MTBE	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

ANNEX VI U.K. Minimum requirements for the harmonised template for national renewable energy action plans

1. Expected final energy consumption: U.K.

Gross final energy consumption in electricity, transport and heating and cooling for 2020 taking into account the effects of energy efficiency policy measures.

2. National sectoral 2020 targets and estimated shares of energy from renewable sources in electricity, heating and cooling and transport: U.K.

(a)

target share of energy from renewable sources in electricity in 2020;

(b)

estimated trajectory for the share of energy from renewable sources in electricity;

(c)

target share of energy from renewable sources in heating and cooling in 2020;

(d)

estimated trajectory for the share of energy from renewable sources in heating and cooling;

(e)

estimated trajectory for the share of energy from renewable sources in transport;

(f)

national indicative trajectory as referred to in Article 3(2) and part B of Annex I.

3. Measures for achieving the targets: U.K.

(a)

overview of all policies and measures concerning the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources;

(b)

specific measures to fulfil the requirements of Articles 13, 14 and 16, including the need to extend or reinforce existing infrastructure to facilitate the integration of the quantities of energy from renewable sources needed to achieve the 2020 national target, measures to accelerate the authorisation procedures, measures to reduce non-technological barriers and measures concerning Articles 17 to 21;

(c)

support schemes for the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources in electricity applied by the Member State or a group of Member States;

(d)

support schemes for the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources in heating and cooling applied by the Member State or a group of Member States;

(e)

support schemes for the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources in transport applied by the Member State or a group of Member States;

(f)

specific measures on the promotion of the use of energy from biomass, especially for new biomass mobilisation taking into account:

(i)

biomass availability: both domestic potential and imports;

(ii)

measures to increase biomass availability, taking into account other biomass users (agriculture and forest-based sectors);

(g)

planned use of statistical transfers between Member States and planned participation in joint projects with other Member States and third countries:

(i)

the estimated excess production of energy from renewable sources compared to the indicative trajectory which could be transferred to other Member States;

(ii)

the estimated potential for joint projects;

(iii)

the estimated demand for energy from renewable sources to be satisfied by means other than domestic production.

4. Assessments: U.K.

(a)

the total contribution expected of each renewable energy technology to meet the mandatory 2020 targets and the indicative trajectory for the shares of energy from renewable sources in electricity, heating and cooling and transport;

(b)

the total contribution expected of the energy efficiency and energy saving measures to meet the mandatory 2020 targets and the indicative trajectory for the shares of energy from renewable sources in electricity, heating and cooling and transport.

ANNEX VII U.K. Accounting of energy from heat pumps

The amount of aerothermal, geothermal or hydrothermal energy captured by heat pumps to be considered energy from renewable sources for the purposes of this Directive, E_RES , shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:

E_RES = Q_usable * (1 – 1/SPF)

where

• Q_usable = the estimated total usable heat delivered by heat pumps fulfilling the criteria referred to in Article 5(4), implemented as follows: Only heat pumps for which SPF > 1,15 * 1/η shall be taken into account,

• SPF = the estimated average seasonal performance factor for those heat pumps,

• η is the ratio between total gross production of electricity and the primary energy consumption for electricity production and shall be calculated as an EU average based on Eurostat data.

By 1 January 2013, the Commission shall establish guidelines on how Member States are to estimate the values of Q_usable and SPF for the different heat pump technologies and applications, taking into consideration differences in climatic conditions, especially very cold climates.

[F3 ANNEX VIII U.K.

Textual Amendments

F3 Inserted by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Text with EEA relevance).

Part A. Provisional estimated indirect land-use change emissions from biofuel and bioliquid feedstocks (gCO _2eq /MJ) (5) U.K.

a The mean values included here represent a weighted average of the individually modelled feedstock values.
b The range included here reflects 90 % of the results using the fifth and ninety-fifth percentile values resulting from the analysis. The fifth percentile suggests a value below which 5 % of the observations were found (i.e. 5 % of total data used showed results below 8, 4, and 33 gCO 2eq /MJ). The ninety-fifth percentile suggests a value below which 95 % of the observations were found (i.e. 5 % of total data used showed results above 16, 17, and 66 gCO 2eq /MJ).
Feedstock group	Mean a	Interpercentile range derived from the sensitivity analysis b
Cereals and other starch-rich crops	12	8 to 16
Sugars	13	4 to 17
Oil crops	55	33 to 66

Part B. Biofuels and bioliquids for which the estimated indirect land-use change emissions are considered to be zero U.K.

Biofuels and bioliquids produced from the following feedstock categories will be considered to have estimated indirect land-use change emissions of zero:

(1)

feedstocks which are not listed under part A of this Annex.

(2)

feedstocks, the production of which has led to direct land-use change, i.e. a change from one of the following IPCC land cover categories: forest land, grassland, wetlands, settlements, or other land, to cropland or perennial cropland (6) . In such a case a direct land-use change emission value (e _l ) should have been calculated in accordance with point 7 of part C of Annex V.]

[F3 ANNEX IX U.K.

Part A. Feedstocks and fuels, the contribution of which towards the target referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 3(4) shall be considered to be twice their energy content:

(a)

Algae if cultivated on land in ponds or photobioreactors.

(b)

Biomass fraction of mixed municipal waste, but not separated household waste subject to recycling targets under point (a) of Article 11(2) of Directive 2008/98/EC.

(c)

Bio-waste as defined in Article 3(4) of Directive 2008/98/EC from private households subject to separate collection as defined in Article 3(11) of that Directive.

(d)

Biomass fraction of industrial waste not fit for use in the food or feed chain, including material from retail and wholesale and the agro-food and fish and aquaculture industry, and excluding feedstocks listed in part B of this Annex.

(e)

Straw.

(f)

Animal manure and sewage sludge.

(g)

Palm oil mill effluent and empty palm fruit bunches.

(h)

Tall oil pitch.

(i)

Crude glycerine.

(j)

Bagasse.

(k)

Grape marcs and wine lees.

(l)

Nut shells.

(m)

Husks.

(n)

Cobs cleaned of kernels of corn.

(o)

Biomass fraction of wastes and residues from forestry and forest-based industries, i.e. bark, branches, pre-commercial thinnings, leaves, needles, tree tops, saw dust, cutter shavings, black liquor, brown liquor, fibre sludge, lignin and tall oil.

(p)

Other non-food cellulosic material as defined in point (s) of the second paragraph of Article 2.

(q)

Other ligno-cellulosic material as defined in point (r) of the second paragraph of Article 2 except saw logs and veneer logs.

(r)

Renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin.

(s)

Carbon capture and utilisation for transport purposes, if the energy source is renewable in accordance with point (a) of the second paragraph of Article 2.

(t)

Bacteria, if the energy source is renewable in accordance with point (a) of the second paragraph of Article 2.

Part B. Feedstocks, the contribution of which towards the target referred to in the first subparagraph of Article 3(4) shall be considered to be twice their energy content:

(a)

Used cooking oil.

(b)

Animal fats classified as categories 1 and 2 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council] (7)

(1)

In order to be able to achieve the national objectives set out in this Annex, it is underlined that the State aid guidelines for environmental protection recognise the continued need for national mechanisms of support for the promotion of energy from renewable sources.

(2)

[F2 The quotient obtained by dividing the molecular weight of CO ₂ (44,010 g/mol) by the molecular weight of carbon (12,011 g/mol) is equal to 3,664.]

(3)

[F2 Cropland as defined by IPCC.]

(4)

[F2 Perennial crops are defined as multi-annual crops, the stem of which is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm.]

(5)

[F3 ( ⁺ ) The mean values reported here represent a weighted average of the individually modelled feedstock values. The magnitude of the values in the Annex is sensitive to the range of assumptions (such as treatment of co-products, yield developments, carbon stocks and displacement of other commodities) used in the economic models developed for their estimation. Although it is therefore not possible to fully characterise the uncertainty range associated with such estimates, a sensitivity analysis conducted on the results based on a random variation of key parameters, a so-called Monte Carlo analysis, was conducted.] U.K.

(6)

[F3 ( ⁺⁺ ) Perennial crops are defined as multi-annual crops, the stem of which is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm.] U.K.

(7)

[F3 Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (Animal by-products Regulation) ( OJ L 300, 14.11.2009, p. 1 ).]

Textual Amendments

F2 Substituted by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Text with EEA relevance).

F3 Inserted by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Text with EEA relevance).