Status:

Dyma’r fersiwn wreiddiol (fel y’i gwnaed yn wreiddiol).

SCHEDULES

Section 2(2).

SCHEDULE 1Text of 1968 Convention, as Amended

TITLE I. SCOPE (Article 1)
TITLE II. JURISDICTION
1. Section 1..General provisions (Articles 2-4).
2. Section 2..Special jurisdiction (Articles 5-6A).
3. Section 3..Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance (Articles 7-12A).
4. Section 4..Jurisdiction over consumer contracts (Articles 13-15).
5. Section 5..Exclusive jurisdiction (Article 16).
6. Section 6..Prorogation of jurisdiction (Articles 17 and 18).
7. Section 7..Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility (Articles 19-20).
8. Section 8..Lis pendens—Related actions (Articles 21-23).
9. Section 9..Provisional, including protective, measures (Article 24).
TITLE III. RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT
1. Definition of " judgment" (Article 25).
  1. Section 1..Recognition (Articles 26-30).
  2. Section 2..Enforcement (Articles 31—45).
  3. Section 3..Common provisions (Articles 46 49).
TITLE IV. AUTHENTIC INSTRUMENTS AND COURT SETTLEMENTS (Articles 50-51).
TITLE V. GENERAL PROVISIONS (Articles 52-53).
TITLE VI. TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS (Article 54).
TITLE VII. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CONVENTIONS (Articles 55-59).
TITLE VIII. FINAL PROVISIONS (Articles 60-68).

CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS

Preamble

The High Contracting Parties to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,

Desiring to implement the provisions of Article 220 of that Treaty by virtue of which they undertook to secure the simplification of formalities governing the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts or tribunals;

Anxious to strengthen in the Community the legal protection of persons therein established ;

Considering that it is necessary for this purpose to determine the international jurisdiction of their courts, to facilitate recognition and to introduce an expeditious procedure for securing the enforcement of judgments, authentic instruments and court settlements;

Have decided to conclude this Convention and to this end have designated as their Plenipotentiaries :

(Designations of Plenipotentiaries of the original six Contracting States)

Who, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their Full Powers, found in good and due form,

Have agreed as follows:

TITLE ISCOPE

ARTICLE 1

This Convention shall apply in civil and commercial matters whatever the nature of the court or tribunal. It shall not extend, in particular, to revenue, customs or administrative matters.

The Convention shall not apply to:

(1)the status or legal capacity of natural persons, rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship, wills and succession;

(2)bankruptcy, proceedings relating to the winding-up of insolvent companies or other legal persons, judicial arrangements, compositions and analogous proceedings;

(3)social security;

(4)arbitration.

TITLE IIJURISDICTION

Section 1General provisions

ARTICLE 2

Subject to the provisions of this Convention, persons domiciled in a Contracting State shall, whatever their nationality, be sued in the courts of that State.

Persons who are not nationals of the State in which they are domiciled shall be governed by the rules of jurisdiction applicable to nationals of that State.

ARTICLE 3

Persons domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued in the courts of another Contracting State only by virtue of the rules set out in Sections 2 to 6 of this Title. In particular the following provisions shall not be applicable as against them:

—in Belgium:	Article 15 of the civil code (Code civil—Burgerlijk Wetboek) and Article 638 of the Judicial code (Code judiciaire—Gerechtelijk Wetboek) ;
—in Denmark:	Article 248(2) of the law on civil procedure (Lov om rettens pleje) and Chapter 3, Article 3 of the Greenland law on civil procedure (Lov for Gr0nland om rettens pleje);
—in the Federal Republic of Germany:	Article 23 of the code of civil procedure (Zivilprozessordnung);
—in France:	Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil);
—in Ireland:	the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in Ireland;
—in Italy:	Article 2 and Article 4, Nos 1 and 2 of the code of civil procedure (Codice di procedura civile);
—in Luxembourg:	Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil);
—in the Netherlands:	Article 126(3) and Article 127 of the code of civil procedure (Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering);
—in the United Kingdom:	the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on: (a) the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in the United Kingdom ; or (b) the presence within the United Kingdom of property belonging to the defendant; or (c) the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated in the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 4

If the defendant is not domiciled in a Contracting State, the jurisdiction of the courts of each Contracting State shall, subject to the provisions of Article 16, be determined by the law of that State.

As against such a defendant, any person domiciled in a Contracting State may, whatever his nationality, avail himself in that State of the rules of jurisdiction there in force, and in particular those specified in the second paragraph of Article 3, in the same way as the nationals of that State.

Section 2Special jurisdiction

ARTICLE 5

A person domiciled in a Contracting State may, in another Contracting State, be sued:

(1)in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question ;

(2)in matters relating to maintenance, in the courts for the place where the maintenance creditor is domiciled or habitually resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person, in the court which, according to its own law, has jurisdiction to entertain those proceedings, unless that jurisdiction is based solely on the nationality of one of the parties ;

(3)in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred ;

(4)as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is based on an act giving rise to criminal proceedings, in the court seised of those proceedings, to the extent that that court has jurisdiction under its own law to entertain civil proceedings;

(5)as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated;

(6)in his capacity as settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust created by the operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created orally and evidenced in writing, in the courts of the Contracting State in which the trust is domiciled ;

(7)as regards a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, in the court under the authority of which the cargo or freight in question:

(a)has been arrested to secure such payment, or

(b)could have been so arrested, but bail or other security has been given;

provided that this provision shall apply only if it is claimed that the defendant has an interest in the cargo or freight or had such an interest at the time of salvage.

ARTICLE 6

A person domiciled in a Contracting State may also be sued:

(1)where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for the place where any one of them is domiciled ;

(2)as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings, in the court seised of the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely with the object of removing him from the jurisdiction of the court which would be competent in his case ;

(3)on a counterclaim arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based, in the court in which the original claim is pending. Article 6A Where by virtue of this Convention a court of a Contracting State has jurisdiction in actions relating to liability arising from the use or operation of a ship, that court, or any other court substituted for this purpose by the internal law of that State, shall also have jurisdiction over claims for limitation of such liability.

Section 3Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance

ARTICLE 7

In matters relating to insurance, jurisdiction shall be determined by this Section, without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 4 and 5(5).

ARTICLE 8

An insurer domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued:

(1)in the courts of the State where he is domiciled, or

(2)in another Contracting State, in the courts for the place where the policy-holder is domiciled, or

(3)if he is a co-insurer, in the courts of a Contracting State in which proceedings are brought against the leading insurer.

An insurer who is not domiciled in a Contracting State but has a branch, agency or other establishment in one of the Contracting States shall, in disputes arising out of the operations of the branch, agency or establishment, be deemed to be domiciled in that State.

ARTICLE 9

In respect of liability insurance or insurance of immovable property, the insurer may in addition be sued in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred. The same applies if movable and immovable property are covered by the same insurance policy and both are adversely affected by the same contingency.

ARTICLE 10

In respect of liability insurance, the insurer may also, if the law of the court permits it, be joined in proceedings which the injured party has brought against the insured.

The provisions of Articles 7, 8 and 9 shall apply to actions brought by the injured party directly against the insurer, where such direct actions are permitted.

If the law governing such direct actions provides that the policy-holder or the insured may be joined as a party to the action, the same court shall have jurisdiction over them.

ARTICLE 11

Without prejudice to the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 10, an insurer may bring proceedings only in the courts of the Contracting State in which the defendant is domiciled, irrespective of whether he is the policy-holder, the insured or a beneficiary.

The provisions of this Section shall not affect the right to bring a counterclaim in the court in which, in accordance with this Section, the original claim is pending.

ARTICLE 12

The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an agreement on jurisdiction:

(1)which is entered into after the dispute has arisen, or

(2)which allows the policy-holder, the insured or a beneficiary to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this Section, or

(3)which is concluded between a policy-holder and an insurer, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same Contracting State, and which has the effect of conferring jurisdiction on the courts of that State even if the harmful event were to occur abroad, provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that State, or

(4)which is concluded with a policy-holder who is not domiciled in a Contracting State, except in so far as the insurance is compulsory or relates to immovable property in a Contracting State, or

(5)which relates to a contract of insurance in so far as it covers one or more of the risks set out in Article 12A.

ARTICLE 12A

The following are the risks referred to in Article 12(5):

(1)Any loss of or damage to

(a)sea-going ships, installations situated offshore or on the high seas, or aircraft, arising from perils which relate to their use for commercial purposes,

(b)goods in transit other than passengers' baggage where the transit consists of or includes carriage by such ships or aircraft;

(2)Any liability, other than for bodily injury to passengers or loss of or damage to their baggage,

(a)arising out of the use or operation of ships, installations or aircraft as referred to in (1)(a) above in so far as the law of the Contracting State in which such aircraft are registered does not prohibit agreements on jurisdiction regarding insurance of such risks,

(b)for loss or damage caused by goods in transit as described in (1)(b) above ;

(3)Any financial loss connected with the use or operation of ships, installations or aircraft as referred to in (1)(a) above, in particular loss of freight or charter-hire;

(4)Any risk or interest connected with any of those referred to in (1) to (3) above.

Section 4Jurisdiction over consumer contracts

ARTICLE 13

In proceedings concerning a contract concluded by a person for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, hereinafter called the " consumer", jurisdiction shall be determined by this Section, without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 4 and 5(5), if it is :

(1)a contract for the sale of goods on instalment credit terms, or

(2)a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods, or

(3)any other contract for the supply of goods or a contract for the supply of services and

(a)in the State of the consumer's domicile the conclusion of the contract was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to him or by advertising, and

(b)the consumer took in that State the steps necessary for the conclusion of the contract.

Where a consumer enters into a contract with a party who is not domiciled in a Contracting State but has a branch, agency or other establishment in one of the Contracting States, that party shall, in disputes arising out of the operations of the branch, agency or establishment, be deemed to be domiciled in that State.

This Section shall not apply to contracts of transport.

ARTICLE 14

A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract either in the courts of the Contracting State in which that party is domiciled or in the courts of the Contracting State in which he is himself domiciled.

Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other party to the contract only in the courts of the Contracting State in which the consumer is domiciled.

These provisions shall not affect the right to bring a counterclaim) in the court in which, in accordance with this Section, the original claim is pending.

ARTICLE 15

The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an agreement:

(1)which is entered into after the dispute has arisen, or

(2)which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this Section, or

(3)which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to the contract, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same Contracting State, and which confers jurisdiction on the courts of that State, provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that State.

Section 5Exclusive jurisdiction

ARTICLE 16

The following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless of domicile:

(1)in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in, or tenancies of, immovable property, the courts of the Contracting State in which the property is situated;

(2)in proceedings which have as their object the validity of the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies or other legal persons or associations of natural or legal persons, or the decisions of their organs, the courts of the Contracting State in which the company, legal person or association has its seat;

(3)in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public registers, the courts of the Contracting State in which the register is kept;

(4)in proceedings concerned with the registration or validity of patents, trade marks, designs, or other similar rights required to be deposited or registered, the courts of the Contracting State in which the deposit or registration has been applied for, has taken place or is under the terms of an international convention deemed to have taken place;

(5)in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments, the courts of the Contracting State in which the judgment has been or is to be enforced.

Section 6Prorogation of jurisdiction

ARTICLE 17

If the parties, one or more of whom is domiciled in a Contracting State, have agreed that a court or the courts of a Contracting State are to have jurisdiction to settle any disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection with a particular legal relationship, that court or those courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction. Such an agreement conferring jurisdiction shall be either in writing or evidenced in writing or, in international trade or commerce, in a form which accords with practices in that trade or commerce of which the parties are or ought to have been aware. Where such an agreement is concluded by parties, none of whom is domiciled in a Contracting State, the courts of other Contracting States shall have no jurisdiction over their disputes unless the court or courts chosen have declined jurisdiction.

The court or courts of a Contracting State on which a trust instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have exclusive jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor, trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or their rights or obligations under the trust are involved.

Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring jurisdiction shall have no legal force if they are contrary to the provisions of Articles 12 or 15, or if the courts whose jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.

If an agreement conferring jurisdiction was concluded for the benefit of only one of the parties, that party shall retain the right to bring proceedings in any other court which has jurisdiction by virtue of this Convention.

ARTICLE 18

Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this Convention, a court of a Contracting State before whom a defendant enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction. This rule shall not apply where appearance was entered solely to contest the jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.

Section 7Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility

ARTICLE 19

Where a court of a Contracting State is seised of a claim which is principally concerned with a matter over which the courts of another Contracting State have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16, it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

ARTICLE 20

Where a defendant domiciled in one Contracting State is sued in a court of another Contracting State and does not enter an appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived from the provisions of this Convention.

The court shall stay the proceedings so long as it is not shown that the defendant has been able to receive the document instituting the proceedings or an equivalent document in sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence, or that all necessary steps have been taken to this end.

The provisions of the foregoing paragraph shall be replaced by those of Article 15 of the Hague Convention of 15 November 1965 on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters, if the document instituting the proceedings or notice thereof had to be transmitted abroad in accordance with that Convention.

Section 8Lis Pendens—Related actions

ARTICLE 21

Where proceedings involving the same cause of action and between the same parties are brought in the courts of different Contracting States, any court other than the court first seised shall of its own motion decline jurisdiction in favour of that court.

A court which would be required to decline jurisdiction may stay its proceedings if the jurisdiction of the other court is contested.

ARTICLE 22

Where related actions are brought in the courts of different Contracting States, any court other than the court first seised may, while the actions are pending at first instance, stay its proceedings.

A court other than the court first seised may also, on the application of one of the parties, decline jurisdiction if the law of that court permits the consolidation of related actions and the court first seised has jurisdiction over both actions.

For the purposes of this Article, actions are deemed to be related where they are so closely connected that it is expedient to hear and determine them together to avoid the risk of irreconcilable judgments resulting from separate proceedings.

ARTICLE 23

Where actions come within the exclusive jurisdiction of several courts, any court other than the court first seised shall decline jurisdiction in favour of that court.

Section 9Provisional, including protective, measures

ARTICLE 24

Application may be made to the courts of a Contracting State for such provisional, including protective, measures as may be available under the law of that State, even if, under this Convention, the courts of another Contracting State have jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.

TITLE IIIRECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT

ARTICLE 25

For the purposes of this Convention, " judgment" means any judgment given by a court or tribunal of a Contracting State, whatever the judgment may be called, including a decree, order, decision or writ of execution, as well as the determination of costs or expenses by an officer of the court.

Section 1Recognition

ARTICLE 26

A judgment given in a Contracting State shall be recognised in the other Contracting States without any special procedure being required.

Any interested party who raises the recognition of a judgment as the principal issue in a dispute may, in accordance with the procedures provided for in Sections 2 and 3 of this Title, apply for a decision that the judgment be recognised.

If the outcome of proceedings in a court of a Contracting State depends on the determination of an incidental question of recognition that court shall have jurisdiction over that question.

ARTICLE 27

A judgment shall not be recognised:

(1)if such recognition is contrary to public policy in the State in which recognition is sought;

(2)where it was given in default of appearance, if the defendant was not duly served with the document which instituted the proceedings or with an equivalent document in sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence;

(3)if the judgment is irreconcilable with a judgment given in a dispute between the same parties in the State in which recognition is sought;

(4)if the court of the State in which the judgment was given, in order to arrive at its judgment, has decided a preliminary question concerning the status or legal capacity of natural persons, rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship, wills or succession in a way that conflicts with a rule of the private international law of the State in which the recognition is sought, unless the same result would have been reached by the application of the rules of private international law of that State;

(5)if the judgment is irreconcilable with an earlier judgment given in a non-Contracting State involving the same cause of action and between the same parties, provided that this latter judgment fulfils the conditions necessary for its recognition in the State addressed.

ARTICLE 28

Moreover, a judgment shall not be recognised if it conflicts with the provisions of Sections 3, 4 or 5 of Title II, or in a case provided for in Article 59.

In its examination of the grounds of jurisdiction referred to in the foregoing paragraph, the court or authority applied to shall be bound by the findings of fact on which the court of the State in which the judgment was given based its jurisdiction.

Subject to the provisions of the first paragraph, the jurisdiction of the court of the State in which the judgment was given may not be reviewed; the test of public policy referred to in Article 27(1) may not be applied to the rules relating to jurisdiction.

ARTICLE 29

Under no circumstances may a foreign judgment be reviewed as to its substance.

ARTICLE 30

A court of a Contracting State in which recognition is sought of a judgment given in another Contracting State may stay the proceedings if an ordinary appeal against the judgment has been lodged. A court of a Contracting State in which recognition is sought of a judgment given in Ireland or the United Kingdom may stay the proceedings if enforcement is suspended in the State in which the judgment was given by reason of an appeal.

Section 2Enforcement

ARTICLE 31

A judgment given in a Contracting State and enforceable in that State shall be enforced in another Contracting State when, on the application of any interested party, the order for its enforcement has been issued there.

However, in the United Kingdom, such a judgment shall be enforced in England and Wales, in Scotland, or in Northern Ireland when, on the application of any interested party, it has been registered for enforcement in that part of the United Kingdom.

ARTICLE 32

The application shall be submitted:

in Belgium, to the tribunal de premiére instance or recht-bank van eerste aanleg;
in Denmark, to the underret;
in the Federal Republic of Germany, to the presiding judge of a chamber of the Landgericht;
in France, to the presiding judge of the tribunal de grande instance;
in Ireland, to the High Court;
in Italy, to the corte d'appello;
in Luxembourg, to the presiding judge of the tribunal d'arrondissement;
in the Netherlands, to the presiding judge of the arrondis-sementsrechtbank;
in the United Kingdom:
(1)
in England and Wales, to the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates' Court on transmission by the Secretary of State;
(2)
in Scotland, to the Court of Session, or in the case of a maintenance judgment to the Sheriff Court on transmission by the Secretary of State;
(3)
in Northern Ireland, to the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates' Court on transmission by the Secretary of State.

The jurisdiction of local courts shall be determined by reference to the place of domicile of the party against whom enforcement is sought. If he is not domiciled in the State in which enforcement is sought, it shall be determined by reference to the place of enforcement.

ARTICLE 33

The procedure for making the application shall be governed by the law of the State in which enforcement is sought.

The applicant must give an address for service of process within the area of jurisdiction of the court applied to. However, if the law of the State in which enforcement is sought does not provide for the furnishing of such an address, the applicant shall appoint a representative ad litem.

The documents referred to in Articles 46 and 47 shall be attached to the application.

ARTICLE 34

The court applied to shall give its decision without delay; the party against whom enforcement is sought shall not at this stage of the proceedings be entitled to make any submissions on the application.

The application may be refused only for one of the reasons specified in Articles 27 and 28.

Under no circumstances may the foreign judgment be reviewed as to its substance.

ARTICLE 35

The appropriate officer of the court shall without delay bring the decision given on the application to the notice of the applicant in accordance with the procedure laid down by the law of the State in which enforcement is sought.

ARTICLE 36

If enforcement is authorised, the party against whom enforcement is sought may appeal against the decision within one month of service thereof.

If that party is domiciled in a Contracting State other than that in which the decision authorising enforcement was given, the time for appealing shall be two months and shall run from the date of service, either on him in person or at his residence. No extension of time may be granted on account of distance.

ARTICLE 37

An appeal against the decision authorising enforcement shall be lodged in accordance with the rules governing procedure in contentious matters:

in Belgium, with the tribunal de premiére instance or recht-bank van eerste aanleg;
in Denmark, with the landsret;
in the Federal Republic of Germany, with the Oberlandes-gericht;
in France, with the cour d'appel;
in Ireland, with the High Court;
in Italy, with the corte d'appello;
in Luxembourg, with the Cour superieure de Justice sitting as a court of civil appeal;
in the Netherlands, with the arrondissementsrechtbank;
in the United Kingdom :
(1)
in England and Wales, with the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment with the Magistrates' Court;
(2)
in Scotland, with the Court of Session, or in the case of a maintenance judgment with the Sheriff Court;
(3)
in Northern Ireland, with the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment with the Magistrates' Court.

The judgment given on the appeal may be contested only:

in Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, by an appeal in cassation;
in Denmark, by an appeal to the hØjesteret, with the leave of the Minister of Justice ;
in the Federal Republic of Germany, by a Rechtsbesch-werde;
in Ireland, by an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court;
in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a point of law.

ARTICLE 38

The court with which the appeal under the first paragraph of Article 37 is lodged may, on the application of the appellant, stay the proceedings if an ordinary appeal has been lodged against the judgment in the State in which that judgment was given or if the time for such an appeal has not yet expired ; in the latter case, the court may specify the time within which such an appeal is to be lodged.

Where the judgment was given in Ireland or the United Kingdom, any form of appeal available in the State in which it was given shall be treated as an ordinary appeal for the purposes of the first paragraph.

The court may also make enforcement conditional on the provision of such security as it shall determine.

ARTICLE 39

During the time specified for an appeal pursuant to Article 36 and until any such appeal has been determined, no measures of enforcement may be taken other than protective measures taken against the property of the party against whom enforcement is sought.

The decision authorising enforcement shall carry with it the power to proceed to any such protective measures.

ARTICLE 40

If the application for enforcement is refused, the applicant may appeal:

in Belgium, to the cour d'appel or hof van beroep ;
in Denmark, to the landsret ;
in the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Oberlandes-gericht;
in France, to the cour d'appel;
in Ireland, to the High Court;
in Italy, to the corte d'appello ;
in Luxembourg, to the Cour supérieure de Justice sitting as a court of civil appeal;
in the Netherlands, to the gerechtshof ;
in the United Kingdom:
(1)
in England and Wales, to the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates' Court;
(2)
in Scotland, to the Court of Session, or in the case of a maintenance judgment to the Sheriff Court;
(3)
in Northern Ireland, to the High Court of Justice, or in the case of a maintenance judgment to the Magistrates' Court.

The party against whom enforcement is sought shall be summoned to appear before the appellate court. If he fails to appear, the provisions of the second and third paragraphs of Article 20 shall apply even where he is not domiciled in any of the Contracting States.

ARTICLE 41

A judgment given on an appeal provided for in Article 40 may be contested only:

in Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, by an appeal in cassation;
in Denmark, by an appeal to the hejesteret, with the leave of the Minister of Justice ;
in the Federal Republic of Germany, by a Rechtsbesch-werde;
in Ireland, by an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court;
in the United Kingdom, by a single further appeal on a point of law.

ARTICLE 42

Where a foreign judgment has been given in respect of several matters and enforcement cannot be authorised for all of them, the court shall authorise enforcement for one or more of them.

An applicant may request partial enforcement of a judgment.

ARTICLE 43

A foreign judgment which orders a periodic payment by way of a penalty shall be enforceable in the State in which enforcement is sought only if the amount of the payment has been finally determined by the courts of the State in which the judgment was given.

ARTICLE 44

An applicant who, in the State in which the judgment was given, has benefited from complete or partial legal aid or exemption from costs or expenses, shall be entitled, in the procedures provided for in Articles 32 to 35, to benefit from the most favourable legal aid or the most extensive exemption from costs or expenses provided for by the law of the State addressed.

An applicant who requests the enforcement of a decision given by an administrative authority in Denmark in respect of a maintenance order may, in the State addressed, claim the benefits referred to in the first paragraph if he presents a statement from the Danish Ministry of Justice to the effect that he fulfils the economic requirements to qualify for the grant of complete or partial legal aid or exemption from costs or expenses.

ARTICLE 45

No security, bond or deposit, however described, shall be required of a party who in one Contracting State applies for enforcement of a judgment given in another Contracting State on the ground that he is a foreign national or that he is not domiciled or resident in the State in which enforcement is sought.

Section 3Common provisions

ARTICLE 46

A party seeking recognition or applying for enforcement of a judgment shall produce:

(1)a copy of the judgment which satisfies the conditions necessary to establish its authenticity ;

(2)in the case of a judgment given in default, the original or a certified true copy of the document which establishes that the party in default was served with the document instituting the proceedings or with an equivalent document.

ARTICLE 47

A party applying for enforcement shall also produce:

(1)documents which establish that, according to the law of the State in which it has been given, the judgment is enforceable and has been served ;

(2)where appropriate, a document showing that the applicant is in receipt of legal aid in the State in which the judgment was given.

ARTICLE 48

If the documents specified in Article 46(2) and Article 47(2) are not produced, the court may specify a time for their production, accept equivalent documents or, if it considers that it has sufficient information before it, dispense with their production.

If the court so requires, a translation of the documents shall be produced ; the translation shall be certified by a person qualified to do so in one of the Contracting States.

ARTICLE 49

No legalisation or other similar formality shall be required in respect of the documents referred to in Articles 46 or 47 or the second paragraph of Article 48, or in respect of a document appointing a representative ad litem.

TITLE IVAUTHENTIC INSTRUMENTS AND COURT SETTLEMENTS

ARTICLE 50

A document which has been formally drawn up or registered as an authentic instrument and is enforceable in one Contracting State shall, in another Contracting State, have an order for its enforcement issued there, on application made in accordance with the procedures provided for in Article 31 et seq. The application may be refused only if enforcement of the instrument is contrary to public policy in the State in which enforcement is sought.

The instrument produced must satisfy the conditions necessary to establish its authenticity in the State of origin.

The provisions of Section 3 of Title III shall apply as appropriate.

ARTICLE 51

A settlement which has been approved by a court in the course of proceedings and is enforceable in the State in which it was concluded shall be enforceable in the State in which enforcement is sought under the same conditions as authentic instruments.

TITLE VGENERAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE 52

In order to determine whether a party is domiciled in the Contracting State whose courts are seised of the matter, the court shall apply its internal law.

If a party is not domiciled in the State whose courts are seised of the matter, then, in order to determine whether the party is domiciled in another Contracting State, the court shall apply the law of that State.

The domicile of a party shall, however, be determined in accordance with his national law if, by that law, his domicile depends on that of another person or on the seat of an authority.

ARTICLE 53

For the purposes of this Convention, the seat of a company or other legal person or association of natural or legal persons shall be treated as its domicile. However, in order to determine that seat, the court shall apply its rules of private international law.

In order to determine whether a trust is domiciled in the Contracting State whose courts are seised of the matter, the court shall apply its rules of private international law.

TITLE VITRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE 54

The provisions of this Convention shall apply only to legal proceedings instituted and to documents formally drawn up or registered as authentic instruments after its entry into force.

However, judgments given after the date of entry into force of this Convention in proceedings instituted before that date shall be recognised and enforced in accordance with the provisions of Title III if jurisdiction was founded upon rules which accorded with those provided for either in Title II of this Convention or in a convention concluded between the State of origin and the State addressed which was in force when the proceedings were instituted.

TITLE VIIRELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CONVENTIONS

ARTICLE 55

Subject to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 54, and of Article 56, this Convention shall, for the States which are parties to it, supersede the following conventions concluded between two or more of them:

the Convention between Belgium and France on Jurisdiction and the Validity and Enforcement of Judgments, Arbitration Awards and Authentic Instruments, signed at Paris on 8 July 1899 ;
the Convention between Belgium and the Netherlands on Jurisdiction, Bankruptcy, and the Validity and Enforcement of Judgments, Arbitration Awards and Authentic Instruments, signed at Brussels on 28 March 1925 ;
the Convention between France and Italy on the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, signed at Rome on 3 June 1930 ;
the Convention between the United Kingdom and the French Republic providing for the Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, with Protocol, signed at Paris on 18 January 1934 ;
the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Belgium providing for the Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, with Protocol, signed at Brussels on 2 May 1934 ;
the Convention between Germany and Italy on the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial matters, signed at Rome on 9 March 1936 ;
the Convention between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Kingdom of Belgium on the Mutual Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments, Arbitration Awards and Authentic Instruments in Civil and Commercial Matters, signed at Bonn on 30 June 1958 ;
the Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Italian Republic on the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, signed at Rome on 17 April 1959 ;
the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany for the Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, signed at Bonn on 14 July 1960;
the Convention between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Italian Republic on the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments and other Enforceable Instruments in Civil and Commercial Matters, signed at Rome on 6 April 1962;
the Convention between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany on the Mutual Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments and other Enforceable Instruments in Civil and Commercial Matters, signed at The Hague on 30 August 1962 ;
the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Italy for the Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, signed at Rome on 7 February 1964, with amending Protocol signed at Rome on 14 July 1970;
the Convention between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of the Netherlands providing for the Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil Matters, signed at The Hague on 17 November 1967,

and, in so far as it is in force:

the Treaty between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg on Jurisdiction, Bankruptcy, and the Validity and Enforcement of Judgments, Arbitration Awards and Authentic Instruments, signed at Brussels on 24 November 1961.

ARTICLE 56

The Treaty and the conventions referred to in Article 55 shall continue to have effect in relation to matters to which this Convention does not apply.

They shall continue to have effect in respect of judgments given and documents formally drawn up or registered as authentic instruments before the entry into force of this Convention.

ARTICLE 57

This Convention shall not affect any conventions to which the Contracting States are or will be parties and which, in relation to particular matters, govern jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of judgments.

This Convention shall not affect the application of provisions which, in relation to particular matters, govern jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of judgments and which are or will be contained in acts of the Institutions of the European Communities or in national laws harmonised in implementation of such acts.

(Article 25(2) of the Accession Convention provides:

" With a view to its uniform interpretation, paragraph 1 of Article 57 shall be applied in the following manner:

(a)The 1968 Convention as amended shall not prevent a court of a Contracting State which is a party to a convention on a particular matter from assuming jurisdiction in accordance with that convention, even where the defendant is domiciled in another Contracting State which is not a party to that convention. The court shall, in any event, apply Article 20 of the 1968 Convention as amended.

(b)A judgment given in a Contracting State in the exercise of jurisdiction provided for in a convention on a particular matter shall be recognised and enforced in the other Contracting States in accordance with the 1968 Convention as amended.

Where a convention on a particular matter to which both the State of origin and the State addressed are parties lays down conditions for the recognition or enforcement of judgments, those conditions shall apply. In any event, the provisions of the 1968 Convention as amended which concern the procedures for recognition and enforcement of judgments may be applied.")

ARTICLE 58

This Convention shall not affect the rights granted to Swiss nationals by the Convention concluded on 15 June 1869 between France and the Swiss Confederation on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil Matters.

ARTICLE 59

This Convention shall not prevent a Contracting State from assuming, in a convention on the recognition and enforcement of judgments, an obligation towards a third State not to recognise judgments given in other Contracting States against defendants domiciled or habitually resident in the third State where, in cases provided for in Article 4, the judgment could only be founded on a ground of jurisdiction specified in the second paragraph of Article 3.

However, a Contracting State may not assume an obligation towards a third State not to recognise a judgment given in another Contracting State by a court basing its jurisdiction on the presence within that State of property belonging to the defendant, or the seizure by the plaintiff of property situated there:

(1)if the action is brought to assert or declare proprietary or possessory rights in that property, seeks to obtain authority to dispose of it, or arises from another issue relating to such property, or,

(2)if the property constitutes the security for a debt which is the subject-matter of the action.

TITLE VIIIFINAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE 60

This Convention shall apply to the European territories of the Contracting States, including Greenland, to the French overseas departments and territories, and to Mayotte.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands may declare at the time of signing or ratifying this Convention or at any later time, by notifying the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities, that this Convention shall be applicable to the Netherlands Antilles. In the absence of such declaration, proceedings taking place in the European territory of the Kingdom as a result of an appeal in cassation from the judgment of a court in the Netherlands Antilles shall be deemed to be proceedings taking place in the latter court.

Notwithstanding the first paragraph, this Convention shall not apply to:

(1)the Faroe Islands, unless the Kingdom of Denmark makes a declaration to the contrary,

(2)any European territory situated outside the United Kingdom for the international relations of which the United Kingdom is responsible, unless the United Kingdom makes a declaration to the contrary in respect of any such territory.

Such declarations may be made at any time by notifying the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.

Proceedings brought in the United Kingdom on appeal from courts in one of the territories referred to in sub-paragraph (2) of the third paragraph shall be deemed to be proceedings taking place in those courts.

Proceedings which in the Kingdom of Denmark are dealt with under the law on civil procedure for the Faroe Islands (lov for FaerØerne om rettens pleje) shall be deemed to be proceedings taking place in the courts of the Faroe Islands.

ARTICLE 61

This Convention shall be ratified by the signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.

ARTICLE 62

This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the instrument of ratification by the last signatory State to take this step.

ARTICLE 63

The Contracting States recognise that any State which becomes a member of the European Economic Community shall be required to accept this Convention as a basis for the negotiations between the Contracting States and that State necessary to ensure the implementation of the last paragraph of Article 220 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.

The necessary adjustments may be the subject of a special convention between the Contracting States of the one part and the new Member State of the other part.

ARTICLE 64

The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall notify the signatory States of:

(a)the deposit of each instrument of ratification ;

(b)the date of entry into force of this Convention ;

(c)any declaration received pursuant to Article 60 ;

(d)any declaration received pursuant to Article IV of the Protocol;

(e)any communication made pursuant to Article VI of the Protocol.

ARTICLE 65

The Protocol annexed to this Convention by common accord of the Contracting States shall form an integral part thereof.

ARTICLE 66

This Convention is concluded for an unlimited period.

ARTICLE 67

Any Contracting State may request the revision of this Convention. In this event, a revision conference shall be convened by the President of the Council of the European Communities.

ARTICLE 68

This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Dutch, French, German and Italian languages, all four texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each signatory State.

(Signatures of Plenipotentiaries of the original six Contracting States)

ANNEXED PROTOCOL

ARTICLE I

Any person domiciled in Luxembourg who is sued in a court of another Contracting State pursuant to Article 5(1) may refuse to submit to the jurisdiction of that court. If the defendant does not enter an appearance the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

An agreement conferring jurisdiction, within the meaning of Article 17, shall be valid with respect to a person domiciled in Luxembourg only if that person has expressly and specifically so agreed.

ARTICLE II

Without prejudice to any more favourable provisions of national laws, persons domiciled in a Contracting State who are being prosecuted in the criminal courts of another Contracting State of which they are not nationals for an offence which was not intentionally committed may be defended by persons qualified to do so, even if they do not appear in person.

However, the court seised of the matter may order appearance in person ; in the case of failure to appear, a judgment given in the civil action without the person concerned having had the opportunity to arrange for his defence need not be recognised or enforced in the other Contracting States.

ARTICLE III

In proceedings for the issue of an order for enforcement, no charge, duty or fee calculated by reference to the value of the matter in issue may be levied in the State in which enforcement is sought.

ARTICLE IV

Judicial and extrajudicial documents drawn up in one Contracting State which have to be served on persons in another Contracting State shall be transmitted in accordance with the procedures laid down in the conventions and agreements concluded between the Contracting States.

Unless the State in which service is to take place objects by declaration to the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities, such documents may also be sent by the appropriate public officers of the State in which the document has been drawn up directly to the appropriate public officers of the State in which the addressee is to be found. In this case the officer of the State of origin shall send a copy of the document to the officer of the State addressed who is competent to forward it to the addressee. The document shall be forwarded in the manner specified by the law of the State addressed. The forwarding shall be recorded by a certificate sent directly to the officer of the State of origin.

ARTICLE V

The jurisdiction specified in Article 6(2) and Article 10 in actions on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings may not be resorted to in the Federal Republic of Germany. In that State, any person domiciled in another Contracting State may be sued in the courts in pursuance of Articles 68, 72, 73 and 74 of the code of civil procedure (Zivilproze-ssordnung) concerning third-party notices.

Judgments given in the other Contracting States by virtue of Article 6(2) or Article 10 shall be recognised and enforced in the Federal Republic of Germany in accordance with Title III. Any effects which judgments given in that State may have on third parties by application of Articles 68, 72, 73 and 74 of the code of civil procedure (Zivilprozessordnung) shall also be recognised in the other Contracting States.

ARTICLE V A

In matters relating to maintenance, the expression " court" includes the Danish administrative authorities. Article V B In proceedings involving a dispute between the master and a member of the crew of a sea-going ship registered in Denmark or in Ireland, concerning remuneration or other conditions of service, a court in a Contracting State shall establish whether the diplomatic or consular officer responsible for the ship has been notified of the dispute. It shall stay the proceedings so long as he has not been notified. It shall of its own motion decline jurisdiction if the officer, having been duly notified, has exercised the powers accorded to him in the matter by a consular convention, or in the absence of such a convention, has, within the time allowed, raised any objection to the exercise of such jurisdiction.

ARTICLE V C

Articles 52 and 53 of this Convention shall, when applied by Article 69(5) of the Convention for the European Patent for the Common Market, signed at Luxembourg on 15 December 1975, to the provisions relating to " residence " in the English text of that Convention, operate as if " residence " in that text were the same as " domicile " in Articles 52 and 53.

ARTICLE V D

Without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the European Patent Office under the Convention on the Grant of European Patents, signed at Munich on 5 October 1973, the courts of each Contracting State shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless of domicile, in proceedings concerned with the registration or validity of any European patent granted for that State which is not a Community patent by virtue of the provisions of Article 86 of the Convention for the European Patent for the Common Market, signed at Luxembourg on 15 December 1975.

ARTICLE VI

The Contracting States shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities the text of any provisions of their laws which amend either those articles of their laws mentioned in the Convention or the lists of courts specified in Section 2 of Title III of the Convention.

Section 2(2).

SCHEDULE 2Text of 1971 Protocol, as Amended

ARTICLE 1

The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters and of the Protocol annexed to that Convention, signed at Brussels on 27 September 1968, and also on the interpretation of the present Protocol.

The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall also have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of the Convention on the Accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Convention of 27 September 1968 and to this Protocol.

ARTICLE 2

The following courts may request the Court of Justice to give preliminary rulings on questions of interpretation:

in Belgium: la Cour de Cassation—het Hof van Cassatie and le Conseil d'Etat—de Raad van State,
in Denmark: hØjesteret,
in the Federal Republic of Germany: die obersten Gerichtshofe des Bundes,
in France: la Cour de Cassation and le Conseil d'Etat,
in Ireland: the Supreme Court,
in Italy: la Corte Suprema di Cassazione,
in Luxembourg: la Cour superieure de Justice when sitting as Cour de Cassation,
in the Netherlands: de Hoge Raad,
in the United Kingdom: the House of Lords and courts to which application has been made under the second paragraph of Article 37 or under Article 41 of the Convention;

(2)the courts of the Contracting States when they are sitting in an appellate capacity ;

(3)in the cases provided for in Article 37 of the Convention, the courts referred to in that Article.

ARTICLE 3

(1)Where a question of interpretation of the Convention or of one of the other instruments referred to in Article 1 is raised in a case pending before one of the courts listed in Article 2(1), that court shall, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon.

(2)Where such a question is raised before any court referred to in Article 2(2) or (3), that court may, under the conditions laid down in paragraph (1), request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon.

ARTICLE 4

(1)The competent authority of a Contracting State may request the Court of Justice to give a ruling on a question of interpretation of the Convention or of one of the other instruments referred to in Article 1 if judgments given by courts of that State conflict with the interpretation given either by the Court of Justice or in a judgment of one of the courts of another Contracting State referred to in Article 2(1) or (2). The provisions of this paragraph shall apply only to judgments which have become res judicata.

(2)The interpretation given by the Court of Justice in response to such a request shall not affect the judgments which gave rise to the request for interpretation.

(3)The Procurators-General of the Courts of Cassation of the Contracting States, or any other authority designated by a Contracting State, shall be entitled to request the Court of Justice for a ruling on interpretation in accordance with paragraph (1).

(4)The Registrar of the Court of Justice shall give notice of the request to the Contracting States, to the Commission and to the Council of the European Communities; they shall then be entitled within two months of the notification to submit statements of case or written observations to the Court.

(5)No fees shall be levied or any costs or expenses awarded in respect of the proceedings provided for in this Article.

ARTICLE 5

(1)Except where this Protocol otherwise provides, the provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community and those of the Protocol on the Statute of the Court of Justice annexed thereto, which are applicable when the Court is requested to give a preliminary ruling, shall also apply to any proceedings for the interpretation of the Convention and the other instruments referred to in Article 1.

(2)The Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice shall, if necessary, be adjusted and supplemented in accordance with Article 188 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.

ARTICLE 6

This Protocol shall apply to the European territories of the Contracting States, including Greenland, to the French overseas departments and territories, and to Mayotte.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands may declare at the time of signing or ratifying this Protocol or at any later time, by notifying the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities, that this Protocol shall be applicable to the Netherlands Antilles.

Notwithstanding the first paragraph, this Protocol shall not apply to:

(1)the Faroe Islands, unless the Kingdom of Denmark makes a declaration to the contrary,

Such declarations may be made at any time by notifying the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.

ARTICLE 7

This Protocol shall be ratified by the signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.

ARTICLE 8

This Protocol shall enter into force on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the instrument of ratification by the last signatory State to take this step; provided that it shall at the earliest enter into force at the same time as the Convention of 27 September 1968 on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters.

ARTICLE 9

The Contracting States recognise that any State which becomes a member of the European Economic Community, and to which Article 63 of the Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters applies, must accept the provisions of this Protocol, subject to such adjustments as may be required.

ARTICLE 10

The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall notify the signatory States of:

(a)the deposit of each instrument of ratification;

(b)the date of entry into force of this Protocol;

(c)any designation received pursuant to Article 4(3);

(d)any declaration received pursuant to Article 6.

ARTICLE 11

The Contracting States shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities the texts of any provisions of their laws which necessitate an amendment to the list of courts in Article 2(1).

ARTICLE 12

This Protocol is concluded for an unlimited period.

ARTICLE 13

Any Contracting State may request the revision of this Protocol. In this event, a revision conference shall be convened by the President of the Council of the European Communities.

ARTICLE 14

This Protocol, drawn up in a single original in the Dutch, French, German and Italian languages, all four texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each signatory State.

Section 2(2).

SCHEDULE 3Text of Titles V and VI of Accession Convention

TITLE VTRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE 34

(1)The 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, with the amendments made by this Convention, shall apply only to legal proceedings instituted and to authentic instruments formally drawn up or registered after the entry into force of this Convention in the State of origin and, where recognition or enforcement of a judgment or authentic instrument is sought, in the State addressed.

(2)However, as between the six Contracting States to the 1968 Convention, judgments given after the date of entry into force of this Convention in proceedings instituted before that date shall be recognised and enforced in accordance with the provisions of Title III of the 1968 Convention as amended.

(3)Moreover, as between the six Contracting States to the 1968 Convention and the three States mentioned in Article 1 of this. Convention, and as between those three States, judgments given after the date of entry into force of this Convention between the State of origin and the State addressed in proceedings instituted before that date shall also be recognised and enforced in accordance with the provisions of Title III of the 1968 Convention as amended if jurisdiction was founded upon rules which accorded with the provisions of Title II, as amended, or with provisions of a convention concluded between the State of origin and the State addressed which was in force when the proceedings were instituted.

ARTICLE 35

If the parties to a dispute concerning a contract had agreed in writing before the entry into force of this Convention that the contract was to be governed by the law of Ireland or of a part of the United Kingdom, the courts of Ireland or of that part of the United Kingdom shall retain the right to exercise jurisdiction in the dispute.

ARTICLE 36

For a period of three years from the entry into force of the 1968 Convention for the Kingdom of Denmark and Ireland respectively, jurisdiction in maritime matters shall be determined in these States not only in accordance with the provisions of that Convention but also in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (1) to (6) following. However, upon the entry into force of the International Convention relating to the Arrest of Sea-going Ships, signed at Brussels on 10 May 1952, for one of these States, these provisions shall cease to have effect for that State.

(1)A person who is domiciled in a Contracting State may be sued in the courts of one of the States mentioned above in respect of a maritime claim if the ship to which the claim relates or any other ship owned by him has been arrested by judicial process within the territory of the latter State to secure the claim, or could have been so arrested there but bail or other security has been given, and either:

(a)the claimant is domiciled in the latter State; or

(b)the claim arose in the latter State; or

(c)the claim concerns the voyage during which the arrest was made or could have been made ; or

(d)the claim arises out of a collision or out of damage caused by a ship to another ship or to goods or persons on board either ship, either by the execution or non-execution of a manoeuvre or by the non-observance of regulations; or

(e)the claim is for salvage ; or

(f)the claim is in respect of a mortgage or hypothecation of the ship arrested.

(2)A claimant may arrest either the particular ship to which the maritime claim relates, or any other ship which is owned by the person who was, at the time when the maritime claim arose, the owner of the particular ship. However, only the particular ship to which the maritime claim relates may be arrested in respect of the maritime claims set out in sub-paragraphs (e), (p) or (q) of paragraph (5) of this Article.

(3)Ships shall be deemed to be in the same ownership when all the shares therein are owned by the same person or persons.

(4)When in the case of a charter by demise of a ship the charterer alone is liable in respect of a maritime claim relating to that ship, the claimant may arrest that ship or any other ship owned by the charterer, but no other ship owned by the owner may be arrested in respect of such claim. The same shall apply to any case in which a person other than the owner of a ship is liable in respect of a maritime claim relating to that ship.

(5)The expression " maritime claim " means a claim arising out of one or more of the following:

(a)damage caused by any ship either in collision or otherwise ;

(b)loss of life or personal injury caused by any ship or occurring in connection with the operation of any ship ;

(c)salvage;

(d)agreement relating to the use or hire of any ship whether by charterparty or otherwise ;

(e)agreement relating to the carriage of goods in any ship whether by charterparty or otherwise ;

(f)loss of or damage to goods including baggage carried in any ship;

(g)general average;

(h)bottomry;

(i)towage;

(j)pilotage;

(k)goods or materials wherever supplied to a ship for her operation or maintenance;

(l)construction, repair or equipment of any ship or dock charges and dues;

(m)wages of masters, officers or crew ;

(n)master's disbursements, including disbursements made by shippers, charterers or agents on behalf of a ship or her owner;

(o)dispute as to the title to or ownership of any ship;

(p)disputes between co-owners of any ship as to the ownership, possession, employment or earnings of that ship ;

(q)the mortgage or hypothecation of any ship.

(6)In Denmark, the expression " arrest" shall be deemed as regards the maritime claims referred to in sub-paragraphs (o) and (p) of paragraph (5) of this Article, to include a forbud, where that is the only procedure allowed in respect of such a claim under Articles 646 to 653 of the law on civil procedure (lov om rettens pleje).

TITLE VIFINAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE 37

The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall transmit a certified copy of the 1968 Convention and of the 1971 Protocol in the Dutch, French, German and Italian languages to the Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The texts of the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol, drawn up in the Danish, English and Irish languages, shall be annexed to this Convention. The texts drawn up in the Danish, English and Irish languages shall be authentic under the same conditions as the original texts of the 1968 Convention and the 1971 Protocol.

ARTICLE 38

This Convention shall be ratified by the signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.

ARTICLE 39

This Convention shall enter into force, as between the States which shall have ratified it, on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the last instrument of ratification by the original Member States of the Community and one new Member State.

It shall enter into force for each new Member State which subsequently ratifies it on the first day of the third month following the deposit of its instalment of ratification.

ARTICLE 40

The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shah notify the signatory States of:

(a)the deposit of each instrument of ratification,

(b)the dates of entry into force of this Convention for the Contracting States.

ARTICLE 41

This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish and Italian languages, all seven texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each signatory State.

Section 16

SCHEDULE 4Title II of 1968 Convention as Modified for Allocation of Jurisdiction Within U.K

TITLE IIJURISDICTION

Section 1General Provisions

ARTICLE 2

Subject to the provisions of this Title, persons domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom shall ... be sued in the courts of that part.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ARTICLE 3

Persons domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may be sued in the courts of another part of the United Kingdom only by virtue of the rules set out in Sections 2, 4, 5 and 6 of this Title.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 2Special jurisdiction

ARTICLE 5

A person domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may, in another part of the United Kingdom, be sued:

(1)in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question ;

(3)in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred or in the case of a threatened wrong is likely to occur ;

(5)as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated;

(6)in his capacity as a settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust created by the operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created orally and evidenced in writing, in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the trust is domiciled;

(7)as regards a dispute concerning the payment of remuneration claimed in respect of the salvage of a cargo or freight, in the court under the authority of which the cargo or freight in question

(a)has been arrested to secure such payment, or

(b)could have been so arrested, but bail or other security has been given;

provided that this provision shall apply only if it is claimed that the defendant has an interest in the cargo or freight or had such an interest at the time of salvage ;

(8)in proceedings—

(a)concerning a debt secured on immovable property; or

(b)which are brought to assert, declare or determine proprietary or possessory rights, or rights of security, in or over movable property, or to obtain authority to dispose of movable property,

in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated.

ARTICLE 5A

Proceedings which have as their object a decision of an organ of a company or other legal person or of an association of natural or legal persons may, without prejudice to the other provisions of this Title, be brought in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which that company, legal person or association has its seat.

ARTICLE 6

A person domiciled in a part of the United Kingdom may, in another part of the United Kingdom, also be sued:

(1)where he is one of a number of defendants, in the courts for the place where any one of them is domiciled;

(3)on a counterclaim arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based, in the court in which the original claim is pending.

ARTICLE 6A

Where by virtue of this Title a court of a part of the United Kingdom has jurisdiction in actions relating to liability arising from the use or operation of a ship, that court, or any other court substituted for this purpose by the internal law of that part, shall also have jurisdiction over claims for limitation of such liability.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 4Jurisdiction over consumer contracts

ARTICLE 13

In proceedings concerning a contract concluded by a person for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, hereinafter called " the consumer " , jurisdiction shall be determined by this Section, without prejudice to the provisions of Articles . . . 5(5) and (8)(b), if it is:

(1)a contract for the sale of goods on instalment credit terms, or

(2)a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods, or

(3)any other contract for the supply of goods or a contract for the supply of services and ... the consumer took in the part of the United Kingdom in which he is domiciled the steps necessary for the conclusion of the contract.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

This Section shall not apply to contracts of transport or insurance.

ARTICLE 14

A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract either in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which that party is domiciled or in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which he is himself domiciled.

Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other party to the contract only in the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the consumer is domiciled.

These provisions shall not affect the right to bring a counterclaim in the court in which, in accordance with this Section, the original claim is pending.

ARTICLE 15

The provisions of this Section may be departed from only by an agreement:

(1)which is entered into after the dispute has arisen, or

(2)which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in courts other than those indicated in this Section, or

(3)which is entered into by the consumer and the other party to the contract, both of whom are at the time of conclusion of the contract domiciled or habitually resident in the same part of the United Kingdom, and which confers jurisdiction on the courts of that part, provided that such an agreement is not contrary to the law of that part.

Section 5Exclusive jurisdiction

ARTICLE 16

The following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction, regardless of domicile:

(1)in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in, or tenancies of, immovable property, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the property is situated ;

(2)in proceedings which have as their object the validity of the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies or other legal persons or associations of natural or legal persons ... the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the company, legal person or association has its seat;

(3)in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public registers, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the register is kept;

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5)in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments, the courts of the part of the United Kingdom in which the judgment has been or is to be enforced.

Section 6Prorogation of jurisdiction

ARTICLE 17

If the parties . . . have agreed that a court or the courts of a part of the United Kingdom are to have jurisdiction to settle any disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection with a particular legal relationship, and, apart from this Schedule, the agreement would be effective to confer jurisdiction under the law of that part, that court or those courts shall have . . . jurisdiction . . .

The court or courts of a part of the United Kingdom on which a trust instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have . . . jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor, trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or their rights or obligations under the trust are involved.

Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring jurisdiction shall have no legal force if they are contrary to the provisions of Article ... 15, or if the courts whose jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ARTICLE 18

Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this Title, a court of a part of the United Kingdom before whom a defendant enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction. This rule shall not apply where appearance was entered solely to contest the jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16.

Section 7Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility

ARTICLE 19

Where a court of a part of the United Kingdom is seised of a claim which is principally concerned with a matter over which the courts of another part of the United Kingdom have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Article 16, it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

ARTICLE 20

Where a defendant domiciled in one part of the United Kingdom is sued in a court of another part of the United Kingdom and does not enter an appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction unless its jurisdiction is derived from the provisions of this Title.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 9Provisional, including protective, measures

ARTICLE 24

Application may be made to the courts of a part of the United Kingdom for such provisional, including protective, measures as may be available under the law of that part, even if, under this Title, the courts of another part of the United Kingdom have jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.

Section 17.

SCHEDULE 5Proceedings Excluded from Schedule 4

Proceedings under the Companies Acts

1Proceedings for the winding up of a company under the [1948 c. 38.] Companies Act 1948 or the [1960 c. 22 (N.I.).] Companies Act (Northern Ireland) 1960, or proceedings relating to a company as respects which jurisdiction is conferred on the court having winding up jurisdiction under either of those Acts.

Patents, trade marks, designs and similar rights

2Proceedings concerned with the registration or validity of patents, trade marks, designs or other similar rights required to be deposited or registered.

Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980

3Proceedings under section 6 of the [1980 c. 11.] Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980 (recovery of sums paid or obtained pursuant to a judgment for multiple damages).

Appeals etc. from tribunals

4Proceedings on appeal from, or for review of, decisions of tribunals.

Maintenance and similar payments to local and other public authorities

5Proceedings for, or otherwise relating to, an order under any of the following provisions—

(a)section 47 or 51 of the [1980 c. 5.] Child Care Act 1980, section 80 of the [1968 c. 49.] Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968 or section 156 of the [1968 c. 34 (N.I.).] Children and Young Persons Act (Northern Ireland) 1968 (contributions in respect of children in care, etc.);

(b)section 49 or 50 of the Child Care Act 1980, section 81 of the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968 or section 159 of the Children and Young Persons Act (Northern Ireland) 1968 (applications for, or for variation of, affiliation orders in respect of children in care, etc.) ;

(c)section 43 of the [1948 c. 29.] National Assistance Act 1948, section 18 of the [1976 c. 21.] Supplementary Benefits Act 1976, Article 101 of the [S.I. 1972/1265 (N.I. 14).] Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 or Article 23 of the [S.I. 1977/2156 (N.I. 27).] Supplementary Benefits (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 (recovery of cost of assistance or benefit from person liable to maintain the assisted person);

(d)section 44 of the National Assistance Act 1948, section 19 of the Supplementary Benefits Act 1976, Article 102 of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 or Article 24 of the Supplementary Benefits (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 (applications for, or for variation of, affiliation orders in respect of children for whom assistance or benefit provided).

Proceedings under certain conventions, etc.

6Proceedings brought in any court in pursuance of—

(a)any statutory provision which, in the case of any convention to which Article 57 applies (conventions relating to specific matters which override the general rules in the 1968 Convention), implements the convention or makes provision with respect to jurisdiction in any field to which the convention relates; and

(b)any rule of law so far as it has the effect of implementing any such convention.

Certain Admiralty proceedings in Scotland

7Proceedings in Scotland in an Admiralty cause where the jurisdiction of the Court of Session or, as the case may be, of the sheriff is based on arrestment in rem or ad fundandam jurisdictionem of a ship, cargo or freight.

Register of aircraft mortgages

8Proceedings for the rectification of the register of aircraft mortgages kept by the Civil Aviation Authority.

Continental Shelf Act 1964

9Proceedings brought in any court in pursuance of an order under section 3 of the [1964 c. 29.] Continental Shelf Act 1964.

Section 18.

SCHEDULE 6Enforcement of U.K. Judgments (Money Provisions)

Preliminary

1In this Schedule—

"judgment" means any judgment to which section 18 applies and references to the giving of a judgment shall be construed accordingly ;
" money provision " means a provision for the payment of one or more sums of money ;
" prescribed " means prescribed by rules of court.

Certificates in respect of judgments

2(1)Any interested party who wishes to secure the enforcement in another part of the United Kingdom of any money provisions contained in a judgment may apply for a certificate under this Schedule.

(2)The application shall be made in the prescribed manner to the proper officer of the original court, that is to say—

(a)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (a) of the definition of "judgment" in section 18(2), the court by which the judgment or order was given or made ;

(b)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (b) of that definition, the court in which the judgment or order is entered ;

(c)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (c) of that definition, the court in whose books the document is registered ;

(d)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (d) of that definition, the tribunal by which the award or order was made ;

(e)in relation to a judgment with in paragraph (e) of that definition, the court which gave the judgment or made the order by virtue of which the award has become enforceable as mentioned in that paragraph.

3A certificate shall not be issued under this Schedule in respect of a judgment unless under the law of the part of the United Kingdom in which the judgment was given—

(a)either—

(i)the time for bringing an appeal against the judgment has expired, no such appeal having been brought within that time ; or

(ii)such an appeal having been brought within that time, that appeal has been finally disposed of; and

(b)enforcement of the judgment is not for the time being stayed or suspended, and the time available for its enforcement has not expired.

4(1)Subject to paragraph 3, on an application under paragraph 2 the proper officer shall issue to the applicant a certificate in the prescribed form—

(a)stating the sum or aggregate of the sums (including any costs or expenses) payable under the money provisions contained in the judgment, the rate of interest, if any, payable thereon and the date or time from which any such interest began to accrue ;

(b)stating that the conditions specified in paragraph 3(a) and (b) are satisfied in relation to the judgment; and

(c)containing such other particulars as may be prescribed.

(2)More than one certificate may be issued under this Schedule (simultaneously or at different times) in respect of the same judgment.

Registration of certificates

5(1)Where a certificate has been issued under this Schedule in any part of the United Kingdom, any interested party may, within six months from the date of its issue, apply in the prescribed manner to the proper officer of the superior court in any other part of the United Kingdom for the certificate to be registered in that court.

(2)In this paragraph " superior court" means, in relation to England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the High Court and, in relation to Scotland, the Court of Session.

(3)Where an application is duly made under this paragraph to the proper officer of a superior court, he shall register the certificate in that court in the prescribed manner.

General effect of registration

6(1)A certificate registered under this Schedule shall, for the purposes of its enforcement, be of the same force and effect, the registering court shall have in relation to its enforcement the same powers, and proceedings for or with respect to its enforcement may be taken, as if the certificate had been a judgment originally given in the registering court and had (where relevant) been entered.

(2)Sub-paragraph (1) is subject to the following provisions of this Schedule and to any provision made by rules of court as to the manner in which and the conditions subject to which a certificate registered under this Schedule may be enforced.

Costs or expenses

7Where a certificate is registered under this Schedule, the reasonable costs or expenses of and incidental to the obtaining of the certificate and its registration shall be recoverable as if they were costs or expenses stated in the certificate to be payable under a money provision contained in the original judgment.

Interest

8(1)Subject to any provision made under sub-paragraph (2), the debt resulting, apart from paragraph 7, from the registration of the certificate shall carry interest at the rate, if any, stated in the certificate from the date or time so stated.

(2)Provision may be made by rules of court as to the manner in which and the periods by reference to which any interest payable by virtue of sub-paragraph (1) is to be calculated and paid, including provision for such interest to cease to accrue as from a prescribed date.

(3)All such sums as are recoverable by virtue of paragraph 7 carry interest as if they were the subject of an order for costs or expenses made by the registering court on the date of registration of the certificate.

(4)Except as provided by this paragraph sums payable by virtue of the registration of a certificate under this Schedule shall not carry interest.

Stay or sisting of enforcement in certain cases

9Where a certificate in respect of a judgment has been registered under this Schedule, the registering court may, if it is satisfied that any person against whom it is sought to enforce the certificate is entitled and intends to apply under the law of the part of the United Kingdom in which the judgment was given for any remedy which would result in the setting aside or quashing of the judgment, stay (or, in Scotland, sist) proceedings for the enforcement of the certificate, on such terms as it thinks fit, for such period as appears to the court to be reasonably sufficient to enable the application to be disposed of.

Cases in which registration of a certificate must or may be set aside

10Where a certificate has been registered under this Schedule, the registering court—

(a)shall set aside the registration if, on an application made by any interested party, it is satisfied that the registration was contrary to the provisions of this Schedule ;

(b)may set aside the registration if, on an application so made, it is satisfied that the matter in dispute in the proceedings in which the judgment in question was given had previously been the subject of a judgment by another court or tribunal having jurisdiction in the matter.

Section 18.

SCHEDULE 7Enforcement of U.K. Judgments (Non-Money Provisions)

Preliminary

1In this Schedule—

"judgment" means any judgment to which section 18 applies and references to the giving of a judgment shall be construed accordingly;
" non-money provision" means a provision for any relief or remedy not requiring payment of a sum of money ;
" prescribed " means prescribed by rules of court.

Certified copies of judgments

2(1)Any interested party who wishes to secure the enforcement in another part of the United Kingdom of any non-money provisions contained in a judgment may apply for a certified copy of the judgment.

(2)The application shall be made in the prescribed manner to the proper officer of the original court, that is to say—

(a)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (a) of the definition of "judgment" in section 18(2), the court by which the judgment or order was given or made ;

(b)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (b) of that definition, the court in which the judgment or order is entered;

(c)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (c) of that definition, the court in whose books the document is registered ;

(d)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (d) of that definition, the tribunal by which the award or order was made ;

(e)in relation to a judgment within paragraph (e) of that definition, the court which gave the judgment or made Ifie order by virtue of which the award has become enforceable as mentioned in that paragraph.

3A certified copy of a judgment shall not be issued under this Schedule unless under the law of the part of the United Kingdom in which the judgment was given—

(a)either—

(i)the time for bringing an appeal against the judgment has expired, no such appeal having been brought within that time ; or

(ii)such an appeal having been brought within that time, that appeal has been finally disposed of ; and

(b)enforcement of the judgment is not for the time being stayed or suspended, and the time available for its enforcement has not expired.

4(1)Subject to paragraph 3, on an application under paragraph 2 the proper officer shall issue to the applicant—

(a)a certified copy of the judgment (including any money pro visions or excepted provisions which it may contain); and

(b)a certificate stating that the conditions specified in paragraph 3(a) and (b) are satisfied in relation to the judgment.

(2)In sub-paragraph (1)(a) " excepted provision " means any provision of a judgment which is excepted from the application of section 18 by subsection (5) of that section.

(3)There may be issued under this Schedule (simultaneously or at different times)—

(a)more than one certified copy of the same judgment; and

(b)more than one certificate in respect of the same judgment.

Registration of judgments

5(1)Where a certified copy of a judgment has been issued under this Schedule in any part of the United Kingdom, any interested party may apply in the prescribed manner to the superior court in any other part of the United Kingdom for the judgment to be registered in that court.

(2)In this paragraph " superior court" means, in relation to England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the High Court and, in relation to Scotland, the Court of Session.

(3)An application under this paragraph for the registration of a judgment must be accompanied by—

(a)a certified copy of the judgment issued under this Schedule ; and

(b)a certificate issued under paragraph 4(1 )(b) in respect of the judgment not more than six months before the date of the application.

(4)Subject to sub-paragraph (5), where an application under this paragraph is duly made to a superior court, the court shall order the whole of the judgment as set out in the certified copy to be registered in that court in the prescribed manner.

(5)A judgment shall not be registered under this Schedule by the superior court in any part of the United Kingdom if compliance with the non-money provisions contained in the judgment would involve a breach of the law of that part of the United Kingdom.

General effect of registration

6(1)The non-money provisions contained in a judgment registered under this Schedule shall, for the purposes of their enforcement, be of the same force and effect, the registering court shall have in relation to their enforcement the same powers, and proceedings for or with respect to their enforcement may be taken, as if the judgment containing them had been originally given in the registering court and had (where relevant) been entered

(2)Sub-paragraph (1) is subject to the following provisions of this Schedule and to any provision made by rules of court as to the manner in which and conditions subject to which the non-money provisions contained in a judgment registered under this Schedule may be enforced.

Costs or expenses

7(1)Where a judgment is registered under this Schedule, the reasonable costs or expenses of and incidental to—

(a)the obtaining of the certified copy of the judgment and of the necessary certificate under paragraph 4(1)(b) in respect of it; and

(b)the registration of the judgment,

shall be recoverable as if on the date of registration there had also been registered in the registering court a certificate under Schedule 6 in respect of the judgment and as if those costs or expenses were costs or expenses stated in that certificate to be payable under a money provision contained in the judgment.

(2)All such sums as are recoverable by virtue of sub-paragraph (1) shall carry interest as if they were the subject of an order for costs or expenses made by the registering court on the date of registration of the judgment.

Stay or sisting of enforcement in certain cases

8Where a judgment has been registered under this Schedule, the registering court may, if it is satisfied that any person against whom it is sought to enforce the judgment is entitled and intends to apply under the law of the part of the United Kingdom in which the judgment was given for any remedy which would result in the setting aside or quashing of the judgment, stay (or, in Scotland, sist) proceedings for the enforcement of the judgment, on such terms as it thinks fit, for such period as appears to the court to be reasonably sufficient to enable the application to be disposed of.

Cases in which registered judgment must or may be set aside

9Where a judgment has been registered under this Schedule, the registering court—

(a)shall set aside the registration if, on an application made by any interested party, it is satisfied that the registration was contrary to the provisions of this Schedule ;

(b)may set aside the registration if, on an application so made, it is satisfied that the matter in dispute in the proceedings in which the judgment was given had previously been the subject of a judgment by another court or tribunal having jurisdiction in the matter.

Section 20.

SCHEDULE 8Rules as to Jurisdiction in Scotland

General

1[[Article 2]] Subject to the following Rules, persons shall be sued in the courts for the place where they are domiciled.

Special jurisdiction

2[[Article 5]] Subject to Rules 3 (jurisdiction over consumer contracts), 4 (exclusive jurisdiction) and 5 (prorogation) a person may also be sued—

(1)where he has no fixed residence, in a court within whose jurisdiction he is personally cited ;

(2)[[Article 5(1)]] in matters relating to a contract, in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question ;

(3)[[Article 5(3)]] in matters relating to delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred ;

(4)[[Article 5(4)]] as regards a civil claim for damages or restitution which is based on an act giving rise to criminal proceedings, in the court seised of those proceedings to the extent that that court has jurisdiction to entertain civil proceedings ;

(5)[[Article 5(2)]] in matters relating to maintenance, in the courts for the place where the maintenance creditor is domiciled or habitually resident or, if the matter is ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person, in the court which has jurisdiction to entertain those proceedings, provided that an action for adherence and aliment or of affiliation and aliment shall be treated as a matter relating to maintenance which is not ancillary to proceedings concerning the status of a person, and provided also that—

(a)where a local authority exercises its power to raise an action under section 44(7)(a) of the [1948 c. 29.] National Assistance Act 1948 or under section 81(1) of the [1968 c. 49.] Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968; and

(b)[1976 c. 71.] where the Secretary of State exercises his power to raise an action under section 19(8)(a) of the Supplementary Benefits Act 1976;

this Rule shall apply as if the reference to the maintenance creditor were a reference to the mother of the child ;

(6)[[Article 5(5)]] as regards a dispute arising out of the operations of a branch, agency or other establishment, in the courts for the place in which the branch, agency or other establishment is situated;

(7)[[Article 5(6)]] in his capacity as settlor, trustee or beneficiary of a trust domiciled in Scotland created by the operation of a statute, or by a written instrument, or created orally and evidenced in writing, in the Court of Session, or the appropriate sheriff court within the meaning of section 24A of the [1921 c. 58.] Trusts (Scotland) Act 1921 ;

(8)where he is not domiciled in the United Kingdom, in the courts for any place where—

(a)any moveable property belonging to him has been ar rested ; or

(b)any immoveable property in which he has any beneficial interest is situated;

(9)in proceedings which are brought to assert, declare or determine proprietary or possessory rights, or rights of security, in or over moveable property, or to obtain authority to dispose of moveable property, in the courts for the place where the property is situated;

(10)in proceedings for interdict, in the courts for the place where it is alleged that the wrong is likely to be committed;

(11)in proceedings concerning a debt secured over immoveable property, in the courts for the place where the property is situated;

(12)in proceedings which have as their object a decision of an organ of a company or other legal person or of an association of natural or legal persons, in the courts for the place where that company, legal person or association has its seat;

(13)in proceedings concerning an arbitration which is conducted in Scotland or in which the procedure is governed by Scots law, in the Court of Session;

(14)in proceedings principally concerned with the registration in the United Kingdom or the validity in the United Kingdom of patents, trade marks, designs or other similar rights required to be deposited or registered, in the Court of Session;

(15)(a)[[Article 4]] where he is one of a number of defenders, in the courts for the place where any one of them is domiciled ;

(b)as a third party in an action on a warranty or guarantee or in any other third party proceedings, in the court seised of the original proceedings, unless these were instituted solely with the object of removing him from the jurisdiction of the court which would be competent in his case;

(c)on a counterclaim arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based, in the court in which the original claim is pending.

Jurisdiction over consumer contracts

3(1)[[Article 13]] In proceedings concerning a contract concluded by a person for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, hereinafter called the "consumer", subject to Rule 4 (exclusive jurisdiction), jurisdiction shall be determined by this Rule if it is—

(a)a contract for the sale of goods on instalment credit terms ; or

(b)a contract for a loan repayable by instalments, or for any other form of credit, made to finance the sale of goods ; or

(c)any other contract for the supply of goods or a contract for the supply of services, if—

(i)the consumer took in Scotland the steps necessary for the conclusion of the contract; or

(ii)proceedings are brought in Scotland by virtue of section 10(3).

(2)This Rule shall not apply to contracts of transport or contracts of insurance.

(3)[[Article 14]] A consumer may bring proceedings against the other party to a contract only in—

(a)the courts for the place in which that party is domiciled ;

(b)the courts for the place in which he is himself domiciled; or

(c)any court having jurisdiction by virtue of Rule 2(6) or (9).

(4)Proceedings may be brought against a consumer by the other party to the contract only in the courts for the place where the consumer is domiciled or any court having jurisdiction under Rule 2(9).

(5)Nothing in this Rule shall affect the right to bring a counterclaim in the court in which, in accordance with this Rule, the original claim is pending.

(6)[[Article 15(1) and (2)]] The provisions of this Rule may be departed from only by an agreement—

(a)which is entered into after the dispute has arisen; or

(b)which allows the consumer to bring proceedings in a court other than a court indicated in this Rule.

Exclusive jurisdiction

4(1)[[Article 16]] Notwithstanding anything contained in any of Rules 1 to 3 above or 5 to 8 below, the following courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction—

(a)[[Article 16(1)]] in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in, or tenancies of, immoveable property, the courts for the place where the property is situated ;

(b)[[Article 16(2)]] in proceedings which have as their object the validity of the constitution, the nullity or the dissolution of companies or other legal persons or associations of natural or legal persons, the courts for the place where the company, legal person or association has its seat;

(c)[[Article 16(3)]] in proceedings which have as their object the validity of entries in public registers, the courts for the place where the register is kept;

(d)[[Article 16(5)]] in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgements, the courts for the place where the judgement has been or is to be enforced.

(2)Nothing in paragraph (1)(c) above affects jurisdiction in any proceedings concerning the validity of entries in registers of patents, trade marks, designs, or other similar rights required to be deposited or registered.

(3)No court shall exercise jurisdiction in a case where immoveable property, the seat of a body mentioned in paragraph (1)(b) above, a public register or the place where a judgement has been or is to be enforced is situated outside Scotland and where paragraph (1) above would apply if the property, seat, register or, as the case may be, place of enforcement were situated in Scotland.

Prorogation of jurisdiction

5(1)[[Article 17(1)]] If the parties have agreed that a court is to have jurisdiction to settle any disputes which have arisen or which may arise in connection with a particular legal relationship, that court shall have exclusive jurisdiction.

(2)[[Article 17(1)]] Such an agreement conferring jurisdiction shall be either in writing or evidenced in writing or, in trade or commerce, in a form which accords with practices in that trade or commerce of which the parties are or ought to have been aware.

(3)[[Article 17(2)]] The court on which a trust instrument has conferred jurisdiction shall have exclusive jurisdiction in any proceedings brought against a settlor, trustee or beneficiary, if relations between these persons or their rights or obligations under the trust are involved.

(4)Where an agreement or a trust instrument confers jurisdiction on the courts of the United Kingdom or of Scotland, proceedings to which paragraph (1) or, as the case may be, (3) above applies may be brought in any court in Scotland.

(5)[[Article 17(3)]] Agreements or provisions of a trust instrument conferring jurisdiction shall have no legal force if the courts whose jurisdiction they purport to exclude have exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Rule 4 or where Rule 4(3) applies.

6(1)[[Article 18)]] Apart from jurisdiction derived from other provisions of this Schedule, a court before whom a defender enters an appearance shall have jurisdiction.

(2)This Rule shall not apply where appearance was entered solely to contest jurisdiction, or where another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Rule 4 or where Rule 4(3) applies.

Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibiiity

7[[Article 19)]] Where a court is seised of a claim which is principally concerned with a matter over which another court has exclusive jurisdiction by virtue of Rule 4, or where it is precluded from exercising jurisdiction by Rule 4(3), it shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

8[[Article 20)]] Where in any case a court has no jurisdiction which is compatible with this Act, and the defender does not enter an appearance, the court shall declare of its own motion that it has no jurisdiction.

Section 21.

SCHEDULE 9Proceedings Excluded From Schedule 8

1Proceedings concerning the status or legal capacity of natural persons (including proceedings for separation) other than proceedings which consist solely of proceedings for adherence and aliment or of affiliation and aliment.

2Proceedings for regulating the custody of children.

3Proceedings relating to tutory and curatory and all proceedings relating to the management of the affairs of persons who are incapable of managing their own affairs.

4Proceedings in respect of sequestration in bankruptcy; or the winding up of a company or other legal person ; or proceedings in respect of a judicial arrangement or judicial composition with creditors.

5Proceedings relating to a company where, by any enactment, jurisdiction in respect of those proceedings is conferred on the court having jurisdiction to wind it up.

6Admiralty causes in so far as the jurisdiction is based on arrestment in rem or ad fundandam jurisdictionem of a ship, cargo or freight.

7Commissary proceedings.

8Proceedings for the rectification of the register of aircraft mortgages kept by the Civil Aviation Authority.

9Proceedings under section 7(3) of the [1962 c. 8.] Civil Aviation (Euro-control) Act 1962 (recovery of charges for air navigation services and proceedings for damages against Eurocontrol).

10Proceedings brought in pursuance of an order under section 3 of the [1964 c. 29.] Continental Shelf Act 1964.

11Proceedings under section 6 of the [1980 c. 11.] Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980 (recovery of sums paid or obtained pursuant to a judgment for multiple damages).

12Appeals from or review of decisions of tribunals.

13Proceedings which are not in substance proceedings in which a decree against any person is sought.

14Proceedings brought in any court in pursuance of—

(b)any rule of law so far as it has the effect of implementing any such convention.

Section 35(1)

SCHEDULE 10Amendments of [1933 c. 13.] Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933

1(1)Section 1 (power to extend Part I to foreign countries giving reciprocal treatment) is amended as follows.

(2)For subsections (1) and (2) substitute—

“(1)If, in the case of any foreign country, Her Majesty is satisfied that, in the event of the benefits conferred by this Part of this Act being extended to, or to any particular class of, judgments given in the courts of that country or in any particular class of those courts, substantial reciprocity of treatment will be assured as regards the enforcement in that country of similar judgments given in similar courts of the United Kingdom, She may by Order in Council direct—

(a)that this Part of this Act shall extend to that country ;

(b)that such courts of that country as are specified in the Order shall be recognised courts of that country for the purposes of this Part of this Act; and

(c)that judgments of any such recognised court, or such judgments of any class so specified, shall, if within subsection (2) of this section, be judgments to which this Part of this Act applies.

(2)Subject to subsection (2A) of this section, a judgment of a recognised court is within this subsection if it satisfies the following conditions, namely—

(a)it is either final and conclusive as between the judgment debtor and the judgment creditor or requires the former to make an interim payment to the latter; and

(b)there is payable under it a sum of money, not being a sum payable in respect of taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or other penalty ; and

(c)it is given after the coming into force of the Order in Council which made that court a recognised court.

(2A)The following judgments of a recognised court are not within subsection (2) of this section—

(a)a judgment given by that court on appeal from a court which is not a recognised court;

(b)a judgment or other instrument which is regarded for the purposes of its enforcement as a judgment of that court but which was given or made in another country ;

(c)a judgment given by that court in proceedings founded on a judgment of a court in another country and having as their object the enforcement of that judgment.”.

(3)After subsection (4) add—

“(5)Any Order in Council made under this section before its amendment by the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 which deems any court of a foreign country to be a superior court of that country for the purposes of this Part of this Act shall (without prejudice to subsection (4) of this section) have effect from the time of that amendment as if it provided for that court to be a recognised court of that country for those purposes, and for any final and conclusive judgment of that court, if within subsection (2) of this section, to be a judgment to which this Part of this Act applies.”.

2In section 9 (power to make foreign judgments unenforceable in United Kingdom if no reciprocity), in subsection (1) omit " superior " in both places where it occurs.

3For section 10 (issue of certificates of judgments obtained in the United Kingdom) substitute—

“10Provision for issue of copies of, and certificates in connection with, U. K. judgments.

(1)Rules may make provision for enabling any judgment creditor wishing to secure the enforcement in a foreign country to which Part I of this Act extends of a judgment to which this subsection applies, to obtain, subject to any conditions specified in the rules—

(a)a copy of the judgment; and

(b)a certificate giving particulars relating to the judgment and the proceedings in which it was given.

(2)Subsection (1) applies to any judgment given by a court or tribunal in the United Kingdom under which a sum of money is payable, not being a sum payable in respect of taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or other penalty.

(3)In this section " rules "—

(a)in relation to judgments given by a court, means rules of court;

(b)in relation to judgments given by any other tribunal, means rules or regulations made by the authority having power to make rules or regulations regulating the procedure of that tribunal.”.

4After section 10 insert—

“10AArbitration awards.

The provisions of this Act, except sections 1(5) and 6, shall apply, as they apply to a judgment, in relation to an award in proceedings on an arbitration which has, in pursuance of the law in force in the place where it was made, become enforceable in the same manner as a judgment given by a court in that place.”.

5(1)Section 11(1) (interpretation) is amended as follows.

(2)After the definition of " Country of the original court" insert—

“" Court", except in section 10 of this Act, includes a tribunal ;”.

(3)Omit the definition of " Judgments given in the superior courts of the United Kingdom ".

Section 37(1).

SCHEDULE 11Minor Amendments Relating to Maintenance Orders

PART IEnforcement of Lump Sum Orders

Maintenance Orders Act 1950 (c. 37)

1In section 18(3A) of the Maintenance Orders Act 1950 (order not to be enforced by registering court under that Act if re-registered for enforcement in another court), for " whilst it is registered " substitute " to the extent that it is for the time being registered ".

Maintenance Orders Act 1958 (c. 39)

2(1)Section 2 of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958 (registration of orders) is amended as follows.

(2)In subsection (3) (registration of magistrates' court order for enforcement in the High Court), for the words from " shall " onwards (which require the court to be satisfied that not less than a certain number of periodical payments are in arrears) substitute " may, if it thinks fit, grant the application ".

(3)After subsection (3) insert—

“(3A)Without prejudice to subsection (3) of this section, where a magistrates' court order provides both for the payment of a lump sum and for the making of periodical payments, a person entitled to receive a lump sum under the order who considers that, so far as it relates to that sum, the order could be more effectively enforced if it were registered may apply to the original court for the registration of the order so far as it so relates, and the court may, if it thinks fit, grant the application.

(3B)Where an application under subsection (3A) of this section is granted in the case of a magistrates' court order, the provisions of this Part of this Act shall have effect in relation to that order as if so far as it relates to the payment of a lump sum it were a separate order.”.

Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 35) (N.I.)

3(1)Section 11 of the Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (registration of orders) is amended as follows.

(2)In subsection (3) (registration of order made by court of summary jurisdiction for enforcement in the High Court), for the words from " shall " onwards (which require the court to be satisfied that not less than a certain number of periodical payments are in arrears) substitute " may, if it thinks fit, grant the application ".

(3)After subsection (3) insert—

“(3A)Without prejudice to subsection (3), where an order made by a court of summary jurisdiction provides both for the payment of a lump sum and for the making of periodical payments, a person entitled to receive a lump sum under the order who considers that, so far as it relates to that sum the order could be more effectively enforced if it were registered may apply to the original court for the registration of the order so far as it so relates, and the court may, if it thinks fit, grant the application.

(3B)Where an application under subsection (3A) is granted in the case of an order made by a court of summary jurisdiction, the provisions of this Part shall have effect in relation to that order as if so far as it relates to the payment of a lump sum it were a separate order.”.

Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c. 18)

4(1)In section 9 of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (variation and revocation of orders), after subsection (1) insert—

“(1A)The powers conferred by subsection (1) above are not exercisable in relation to so much of a registered order as provides for the payment of a lump sum.”.

(2)In section 21 of that Act (interpretation of Part I)—

(a)in paragraph (a) of the definition of " maintenance order " in subsection (1) ; and

(b)in subsection (2),

for " periodical payment of sums of money " substitute " payment of a lump sum or the making of periodical payments ".

PART IIRecovery of Interest on Arrears

Maintenance Orders Act 1950 (c. 37)

5In section 18 of the Maintenance Orders Act 1950 (enforcement of registered orders), after subsection (1) (orders to be enforced in the same manner as orders made by the court of registration), insert—

“(1A)A maintenance order registered under this Part of this Act in a court of summary jurisdiction in England or Northern Ireland shall not carry interest; but where a maintenance order so registered is registered in the High Court under Part I of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958 or section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982, this subsection shall not prevent any sum for whose payment the order provides from carrying interest in accordance with section 2A of the said Act of 1958 or section 11A of the Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966.

(1B)A maintenance order made in Scotland which is registered under this Part of this Act in the Supreme Court in England or Northern Ireland shall, if interest is by the law of Scotland recoverable under the order, carry the like interest in accordance with subsection (1) of this section.”.

Maintenance Orders Act 1958 (c. 39)

6(1)The Maintenance Orders Act 1958 is amended as follows.

(2)After section 2 insert—

“2AInterest on sums recoverable under certain orders registered in the High Court.

(1)Where, in connection with an application under section 2(3) of this Act for the registration of a magistrates' court order, the applicant shows in accordance with rules of court—

(a)that the order, though deemed for the purposes of section 1 of this Act to have been made by a magistrates' court in England, was in fact made in another part of the United Kingdom or in a country or territory outside the United Kingdom ; and

(b)that, as regards any sum for whose payment the order provides, interest on that sum at a particular rate is, by the law of that part or of that country or territory, recoverable under the order from a particular date or time,

then, if the original court grants the application and causes a certified copy of the order to be sent to the prescribed officer of the High Court under section 2(4)(c) of this Act, it shall also cause to be sent to him a certificate in the prescribed form showing, as regards that sum, the rate of interest so recoverable and the date or time from which it is so recoverable.

(2)The officer of the court who receives a certificate sent to him under the preceding subsection shall cause the certificate to be registered in that court together with the order to which it relates.

(3)Where an order is registered together with a certificate under this section, then, subject to any provision made under the next following subsection, sums payable under the order shall carry interest at the rate specified in the certificate from the date or time so specified.

(4)Provision may be made by rules of court as to the manner in which and the periods by reference to which any interest payable by virtue of subsection (3) is to be calculated and paid, including provision for such interest to cease to accrue as from a prescribed date.

(5)Except as provided by this section sums payable under registered orders shall not carry interest.”.

(3)In section 3(1) of that Act (enforcement of registered orders), after " Subject to the provisions of " insert " section 2A of this Act and ".

Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 35) (N.I.)

7(1)The Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 is amended as follows.

(2)After section 11 insert—

“11AInterest on sums recoverable under certain orders registered in the High Court.

(1)Where, in connection with an application under section 11(3) for the registration of an order made by a court of summary jurisdiction, the applicant shows in accordance with rules of court—

(a)that the order, though deemed for the purposes of this Part to have been made by a court of summary jurisdiction in Northern Ireland, was in fact made in a country or territory outside the United Kingdom; and

(b)that, as regards any sum for whose payment the order provides, interest on that sum at a particular rate is, by the law of that country or territory, recoverable under the order from a particular date or time,

then, if the original court grants the application and causes a certified copy of the order to be sent to the prescribed officer of the High Court under section l1(4)(c) it shall also cause to be sent to him a certificate in the prescribed form showing, as regards that sum, the rate of interest so recoverable and the date or time from which it is so recoverable.

(2)The officer of a court who receives a certificate sent to him under subsection (1) shall cause the certificate to be registered in that court together with the order to which it relates.

(3)Where an order is registered together with a certificate under this section, then, subject to any provision made under subsection (4), sums payable under the order shall carry interest at the rate specified in the certificate from the date or time so specified.

(5)Except as provided by this section sums payable under registered orders shall not carry interest.”.

(3)In section 12(1) (enforcement of registered orders), after " Subject to the provisions of " insert " section 11A and ".

(4)In section 16(2) of that Act (construction of " rules of court") at the end add " and in section 11 A(4) shall be construed as including a reference to Judgment Enforcement Rules made under Article 141 of the Judgments Enforcement (Northern Ireland) Order 1981

PART IIIReciprocal Enforcement Founded on Presence of Assets

Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c. 18)

8The Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 is amended as follows.

9In section 2 (transmission of United Kingdom order for enforcement in reciprocating country)—

(a)in subsections (1) and (4), after " residing " insert " or has assets " ; and

(b)in subsection (4), after " whereabouts of the payer ", in both places where it occurs, insert " and the nature and location of his assets in that country ".

10In section 6 (registration in United Kingdom of order made in reciprocating country)—

(a)in subsection (2), after " residing " insert " or has assets " ; and

(b)in subsection (4)—

(i)after " is residing " insert " or has assets " ;

(ii)for " so residing " substitute " residing and has no assets within the jurisdiction of the court " ; and

(iii)at the end insert " and the nature and location of his assets ".

11In section 8(5) (duty of magistrates' court and its officers to take prescribed steps for enforcing registered orders), after " enforcing " insert " or facilitating the enforcement of ".

12In section 9 (variation and revocation of orders), after the subsection (1A) inserted by paragraph 4(1) of this Schedule, insert—

“(1B)The registering court shall not vary or revoke a registered order if neither the payer nor the payee under the order is resident in the United Kingdom.”.

13(1)Section 10 (cancellation of registration and transfer of orders) is amended as follows.

(2)In subsection (2), for " has ceased to reside within the jurisdiction of that court," substitute " is not residing within the jurisdiction of that court and has no assets within that jurisdiction against which the order can be effectively enforced, ".

(3)In subsection (3), after " residing " insert " or has assets ".

(4)In subsection (5), for " still residing " substitute " residing or has assets ".

(5)In subsection (6)—

(a)after " is residing " insert " or has assets " ; and

(b)for " so residing " insert " residing and has no assets within the jurisdiction of the court ".

(6)In subsection (7)(b), after " payer " insert " and the nature and location of his assets ".

14In section 11(1) (steps to be taken where payer is not residing in the United Kingdom)—

(a)before " it appears " insert " at any time " ;

(b)for the words from " in the United Kingdom " to " therein, " substitute " and has no assets in the United Kingdom, " ; and

(c)after " payer " in paragraph (c) insert " and the nature and location of his assets ".

15In section 21(1) (interpretation of Part I), in the definition of " the appropriate court "—

(i)after " residing ", in the first and second places where it occurs, insert " or having assets " ;

(ii)for " the sheriff court" substitute " a sheriff court " ; and

(iii)after " residing ", where it last occurs, insert" or has assets ".

16In section 24 (application of Part I to certain orders and proceedings under [1920 c. 33.] Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 1920), in paragraph (a)(i) and (ii), after " residing " insert " or having assets ".

17In section 40 (power to apply Act with modifications by Order in Council)—

(a)in paragraph (a), omit " against persons in that country or territory " ; and

(b)in paragraph (b), omit " against persons in the United Kingdom ".

18In section 47 (interpretation), in subsection (3) (construction of references to a court's jurisdiction), after " the reference is" insert " to assets being located or " and omit the words " or having ceased to reside ".

Sections 15(4), 23(2) and 36(6).

SCHEDULE 12Consequential Amendments

PART IAmendments Consequential on Part I of this Act

Army Act 1955 (c. 18) and Air Force Act 1955 (c. 19)

1In section 150 of the Army Act 1955 and in section 150 of the Air Force Act 1955 (enforcement of maintenance and other orders by deduction from pay), in subsection (5), after " Part I of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 " insert " or Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 ".

Naval Discipline Act 1957 (c. 53)

2In section 101 of the Naval Discipline Act 1957 (service of process in maintenance and other proceedings), in subsection (5), after " Part I of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972" insert " or Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 ".

Maintenance Orders Act 1958 (c. 39)

3In section 1 of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958 (scope of application of Part I), in subsection (4), for the words from " within the meaning " to " the said Part I" substitute " which is registered in a magistrates' court under Part I of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 or Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 ".

Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 35) (N.I.)

4In section 10 of the Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (orders to which Part II of that Act applies), in subsections (2) and (5), after " Part I of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 " insert " or Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 ".

Administration of Justice Act 1970 (c. 31)

5In Schedule 8 to the Administration of Justice Act 1970 (orders which are " maintenance orders " for the purposes of Part II of that Act and Part II of the [1958 c. 39.] Maintenance Orders Act 1958), after paragraph 12 insert—

“13A maintenance order within the meaning of Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 which is registered in a magistrates' court under that Part.”.

Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (c. 32)

6In Schedule 1 to the Attachment of Earnings Act 1971 (orders which are " maintenance orders" for the purposes of that Act), after paragraph 12 insert—

“13A maintenance order within the meaning of Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 which is registered in a magistrates' court under that Part.”.

Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 (c. 43)

7In section 65 of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 (definition of " domestic proceedings " for the purposes of that Act)—

(a)in subsection (1), after paragraph (l) insert—

“(m)Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982, so far as that Part relates to the recognition or enforcement of maintenance orders ;”;

(b)in subsection (2)(a), after " (k) " insert " and (m) ".

Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I. 26))

8(1)In Article 88 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (definition of " domestic proceedings " for the purposes of that Order), in paragraph (a), after " Part I of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 " insert " or under Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 so far as that Part relates to the recognition and enforcement of maintenance orders ".

(2)In Article 98 of that Order (enforcement of orders for periodical payment of money), in sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph (11), after " Part I of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 " insert " or Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 ".

PART IIAmendments Consequential on Schedule 8

Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1940 (c. 42)

1In the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1940 after section 4(2) there shall be inserted the following subsection—

“(3)This section does not apply—

(a)in the case of an agreement entered into after the dispute in respect of which the agreement is intended to have effect has arisen ; or

(b)where the contract is one referred to in Rule 3 of Schedule 8 to the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982.”.

Maintenance Orders Act 1950 (c. 37)

2In section 15(1)(b) of the Maintenance Orders Act 1950 for the words " for separation and aliment " there shall be substituted the words " which contains a conclusion for aliment not falling within the scope of paragraph (a)(i) above ".

Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (c. 18)

3(1)In section 4 of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 (power of the sheriff to make a provisional maintenance order against a person residing in a reciprocating country) the following subsection shall be substituted for subsections (1) and (2)—

“(1)In any action where the sheriff has jurisdiction by virtue of Rule 2(5) of Schedule 8 to the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 and the defender resides in a reciprocating country, any maintenance order granted by the sheriff shall be a provisional order.”.

(2)In subsections (3), (4) and (5) of that section for the words " in which the sheriff has jurisdiction by virtue of " there shall be substituted in each place where they occur the words " referred to in ".

Consumer Credit Act 1974 (c. 39)

4In section 141 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 the following subsections shall be substituted for subsection (3)—

“(3)In Scotland the sheriff court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine any action referred to in subsection (1) and such an action shall not be brought in any other court.

(3A)Subject to subsection (3B) an action which is brought in the sheriff court by virtue of subsection (3) shall be brought only in one of the following courts, namely—

(a)the court for the place where the debtor or hirer is domiciled (within the meaning of section 41 or 42 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982);

(b)the court for the place where the debtor or hirer carries on business ; and

(c)where the purpose of the action is to assert, declare or determine proprietary or possessory rights, or rights of security, in or over moveable property, or to obtain authority to dispose of moveable property, the court for the place where the property is situated.

(3B)Subsection (3A) shall not apply—

(a)where Rule 3 of Schedule 8 to the said Act of 1982 applies ; or

(b)where the jurisdiction of another court has been prorogated by an agreement entered into after the dispute has arisen.”.

PART IIIAmendments Consequential on Section 36

Maintenance Orders Act 1950 (c.37)

1(1)The Maintenance Orders Act 1950 is amended as follows.

(2)In section 18 (enforcement of registered orders), after subsection (3A) insert—

“(3B)Notwithstanding subsection (1) above, no court in Northern Ireland in which a maintenance order is registered under this Part of this Act shall enforce that order to the extent that it is for the time being registered in another court in Northern Ireland under section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982.”.

(3)In section 21(2) (evidence admissible before court where order registered)—

(a)in paragraph (a) after " 1958 " insert " or under section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 " ;

(b)after " that Act " (twice) insert " of 1958 " ;

(c)after paragraph (b) insert—

“(c)registered in a court in Northern Ireland under section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982”.

(4)In section 24(3) (notice of cancellation of order to be given to other courts interested), after " Part I of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958 " insert " or section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 ".

Maintenance Orders Act 1958 (c. 39)

2In section 23(2) of the Maintenance Orders Act 1958 (provisions which extend to Scotland and Northern Ireland) after " section 2 " insert " section 2A ".

Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 (c. 35) (N.I.)

3(1)The Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 is amended as follows.

(2)At the beginning of section 9 (introductory provisions relating to registration in one court of maintenance order made by another) insert " Without prejudice to section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982, ".

(3)In section 10 (orders to which Part II applies), after subsection (1) insert—

“(1A)This Part, except sections 11, 11A and 14(2) and (3), also applies in accordance with section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 to maintenance orders made by a court in England and Wales or Scotland and registered in Northern Ireland under Part II of the Maintenance Orders Act 1950.”.

(4)In section 13 (variation of orders registered in courts of summary jurisdiction), after subsection (7) insert—

“(7A)No application for any variation in respect of a registered order shall be made to any court in respect of an order made by the High Court of Justice in England or the Court of Session and registered in that court under section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982.”.

Judgments Enforcement (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (S.I. 1981/266 (N.I. 6))

4In Article 98 of the Judgments Enforcement (Northern Ireland) Order 1981, (powers of courts to make attachment of earnings orders), in sub-paragraph (iv) of paragraph (a) at the end add " but not subsequently registered in a court of summary jurisdiction under section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 ".

Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (S.I. 1981/1675 (N.I. 26))

5(1)In Article 88 of the Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981 (definition of " domestic proceedings " for the purposes of that Order)—

(a)in paragraph (a), delete the words " or the Maintenance Orders Act 1950 " ;

(b)after paragraph (a) insert—

“(aa)in relation to maintenance orders registered in a court of summary jurisdiction under the Maintenance Orders Act 1950 or Part II of the Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 or section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982, under that Act of 1950 or Part II of that Act of 1966”.

(2)In Article 98 of that Order (enforcement of orders for periodical payment of money), in sub-paragraph (d) of paragraph (11), at the end add—

“or under section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982”.

Section 53.

SCHEDULE 13Commencement, Transitional Provisions and Savings

PART ICommencement

Provisions coming into force on Royal Assent

1The following provisions come into force on Royal Assent:

Provision	Subject-matter
section 53(1) and Part I of this Schedule.	Commencement.
section 55	Short title.

Provisions coming into force six weeks after Royal Assent

2The following provisions come into force at the end of the period of six weeks beginning with the day on which this Act is passed:

Provision	Subject-matter
section 24(1)(a), (2)(«) and (3).	Interim relief and protective measures in cases of doubtful jurisdiction.
section 29	Service of county court process outside Northern Ireland.
section 30	Proceedings in England and Wales or Northern Ireland for torts to immovable property.
section 31	Overseas judgments given against states.
section 32	Overseas judgments given in breach of agreement for settlement of disputes.
section 33	Certain steps not to amount to submission to jurisdiction of overseas court.
section 34	Certain judgments a bar to further proceedings on the same cause of action.
section 35(3)	Consolidation of Orders in Council under section 14 of the [1920 c. 81.] Administration of Justice Act 1920.
section 38	Overseas judgments counteracting an award of multiple damages.
section 40	Power to modify enactments relating to legal aid, etc.
section 49	Saving for powers to stay, sist, strike out or dismiss proceedings.
section 50	Interpretation: general.
section 51	Application to Crown.
section 52	Extent
paragraphs 7 to 10 of Part II of this Schedule and section 53(2) so far as relates to those paragraphs.	Transitional provisions and savings.
section 54 and Schedule 14 so far as relating to the repeal of provisions in section 4 of the [1933 c. 13.] Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933.	Repeals consequential on sections 32 and 33.

Provisions coming into force on a day to be appointed

3(1)The other provisions of this Act come into force on such day as the Lord Chancellor and the Lord Advocate may appoint by order made by statutory instrument.

(2)Different days may be appointed under this paragraph for different purposes.

PART IITransitional Provisions and Savings

Section 16 and Schedule 4

1(1)Section 16 and Schedule 4 shall not apply to any proceedings begun before the commencement of that section.

(2)Nothing in section 16 or Schedule 4 shall preclude the bringing of proceedings in any part of the United Kingdom in connection with a dispute concerning a contract if the parties to the dispute had agreed before the commencement of that section that the contract was to be governed by the law of that part of the United Kingdom.

Section 18 and Schedule 6 and associated repeals

2(1)In relation to a judgment a certificate whereof has been registered under the 1868 Act or the 1882 Act before the repeal of that Act by this Act, the 1868 Act or, as the case may be, the 1882 Act shall continue to have effect notwithstanding its repeal.

(2)Where by virtue of sub-paragraph (1) the 1882 Act continues to have effect in relation to an order to which section 47 of the [1976 c. 25.] Fair Employment (Northern Ireland) Act 1976 (damages etc. for unfair discrimination) applies, that section shall continue to have effect in relation to that order notwithstanding the repeal of that section by this Act.

(3)A certificate issued under Schedule 6 shall not be registered under that Schedule in a part of the United Kingdom if the judgment to which that certificate relates is the subject of a certificate registered in that part under the 1868 Act or the 1882 Act.

(4)In this paragraph—

" the 1868 Act" means the [1868 c. 54.] Judgments Extension Act 1868 ;
"the 1882 Act" means the [1882 c. 31.] Inferior Courts Judgments Extension Act 1882 ;
"judgment " has the same meaning as in section 18.

Section 18 and Schedule 7

3Schedule 7 and, so far as it relates to that Schedule, section 18 shall not apply to judgments given before the coming into force of that section.

Section 19

4Section 19 shall not apply to judgments given before the commencement of that section.

Section 20 and Schedule 8

5Section 20 and Schedule 8 shall not apply to any proceedings begun before the commencement of that section.

Section 26

6The power conferred by section 26 shall not be exercisable in relation to property arrested before the commencement of that section or in relation to bail or other security given—

(a)before the commencement of that section to prevent the arrest of property ; or

(b)to obtain the release of property arrested before the commencement of that section ; or

(c)in substitution (whether directly or indirectly) for security given as mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) or (b).

Section 31

7Section 31 shall not apply to any judgment—

(a)which has been registered under Part II of the [1920 c. 81.] Administration of Justice Act 1920 or Part I of the [1933 c. 13.] Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 before the time when that section comes into force ; or

(b)in respect of which proceedings at common law for its enforcement have been finally determined before that time.

Section 32 and associated repeal

8(1)Section 32 shall not apply to any judgment—

(a)which has been registered under Part II of the Administration of Justice Act 1920, Part I of the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 or Part I of the [1972 c. 18.] Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972 before the time when that section comes into force ; or

(b)in respect of which proceedings at common law for its enforcement have been finally determined before that time.

(2)Section 4(3)0) of the [1933 c. 13.] Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 shall continue to have effect, notwithstanding its repeal by this Act, in relation to a judgment registered under Part I of that Act before the commencement of section 32.

Section 33 and associated repeal

9(1)Section 33 shall not apply to any judgment—

(a)which has been registered under Part II of the [1920 c. 81.] Administration Of Justice Act 1920 or Part I of the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 before the time when that section comes into force; or

(b)in respect of which proceedings at common law for its enforcement have been finally determined before that time.

(2)The repeal by this Act of words in section 4(2)(a)(i) of the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933 shall not affect the operation of that provision in relation to a judgment registered under Part I of that Act before the commencement of section 33.

Section 34

10Section 34 shall not apply to judgments given before the commencement of that section.

Section 54.

SCHEDULE 14Repeals

Chapter	Short title	Extent of repeal
41 Geo. 3. c. 90.	Crown Debts Act 1801.	The preamble.
41 Geo. 3. c. 90.	Crown Debts Act 1801.	Sections 1 to 8.
5 Geo. 4. c. 111.	Crown Debts Act 1824.	The whole Act.
22 & 23 Vict. c. 21.	Queen's Remembrancer Act 1859.	Section 24.
31 & 32 Vict. c. 54.	Judgments Extension Act 1868.	The whole Act.
31 & 32 Vict. c. 96.	Ecclesiastical Buildings and Glebes (Scotland) Act 1868.	In section 4, the words " of the county in which the parish concerned is situated" and the words from " provided " to the end.
45 & 46 Vict. c. 31.	Inferior Courts Judgments Extension Act 1882.	The whole Act.
7Edw.7.c. 51.	Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1907.	In section 5, the words from the first" Provided " to " that jurisdiction ".
14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 27.	Conveyancing (Scotland) Act 1924.	In section 23(6) the words from " of the county" to " is situated
23 & 24 Geo. 5. c. 13.	Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933.	In section 4(2)(a)(i), the words from " otherwise " to " that court".
		Section 4(3)(b).
		In section 9(1), the word " superior" in both places where it occurs.
		In section 11(1), the definition of " Judgments given in the superior courts of the United Kingdom ".
		In section 12, in paragraph (a) the words from " (except " to " this Act) ", and paragraph (d).
		In section 13(6), the words " and section two hundred and thirteen ", " respectively " and "and 116 ".
14 Geo. 6. c. 37.	Maintenance Orders Act 1950.	Section 6.
		Section 8.
		Section 9(1)(a).
		In section 16(2)(b)(v), the words from the beginning to " or ".
4 & 5 Eliz. 2. c. 46.	Administration of Justice Act 1956.	Section 51(a).
1963 c. 22.	Sheriff Courts (Civil Jurisdiction and Procedure) (Scotland) Act 1963.	Section 3(2).
1965 c. 2.	Administration of Justice Act 1965.	In Schedule 1.. the entry relating to the Crown Debts Act 1801.
1971 c. 55.	Law Reform (Jurisdiction in Delict) (Scotland) Act 1971.	The whole Act.
1972 c. 18.	Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972.	In section 40— (a) in paragraph (a), the words " against persons in that country or territory"; and (b) in paragraph (b), the words " against persons in the United Kingdom ".
		In section 47(3), the words " or " having ceased to reside ".
		In the Schedule, paragraph 4.
1976 c. 25.	Fair Employment (Northern Ireland) Act 1976.	Section 47.
1978 c. 23.	Judicature (Northern Ireland) Act 1978.	In Part II of Schedule 5— (a) the entry relating to the Crown Debts Act 1801; and (b) in the entry relating to the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933, the word " respectively ", where last occurring, and the words " and 116".
1981 c. 54	Supreme Court Act 1981.	In Schedule 5, paragraph 2 of the entry relating to the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1933.

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Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982

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SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1Text of 1968 Convention, as Amended

CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS

Preamble

TITLE ISCOPE

ARTICLE 1

TITLE IIJURISDICTION

Section 1General provisions

ARTICLE 2

ARTICLE 3

ARTICLE 4

Section 2Special jurisdiction

ARTICLE 5

ARTICLE 6

Section 3Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance

ARTICLE 7

ARTICLE 8

ARTICLE 9

ARTICLE 10

ARTICLE 11

ARTICLE 12

ARTICLE 12A

Section 4Jurisdiction over consumer contracts

ARTICLE 13

ARTICLE 14

ARTICLE 15

Section 5Exclusive jurisdiction

ARTICLE 16

Section 6Prorogation of jurisdiction

ARTICLE 17

ARTICLE 18

Section 7Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility

ARTICLE 19

ARTICLE 20

Section 8Lis Pendens—Related actions

ARTICLE 21

ARTICLE 22

ARTICLE 23

Section 9Provisional, including protective, measures

ARTICLE 24

TITLE IIIRECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT

ARTICLE 25

Section 1Recognition

ARTICLE 26

ARTICLE 27

ARTICLE 28

ARTICLE 29

ARTICLE 30

Section 2Enforcement

ARTICLE 31

ARTICLE 32

ARTICLE 33

ARTICLE 34

ARTICLE 35

ARTICLE 36

ARTICLE 37

ARTICLE 38

ARTICLE 39

ARTICLE 40

ARTICLE 41

ARTICLE 42

ARTICLE 43

ARTICLE 44

ARTICLE 45

Section 3Common provisions

ARTICLE 46

ARTICLE 47

ARTICLE 48

ARTICLE 49

TITLE IVAUTHENTIC INSTRUMENTS AND COURT SETTLEMENTS

ARTICLE 50

ARTICLE 51