Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985 (repealed)

Petitions for sequestrationU.K.

5 Sequestration of the estate of living or deceased debtor.S

(1)The estate of a debtor may be sequestrated in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

[[F1F2(2)The sequestration of the estate of a living debtor shall be—

(a)by debtor application made by the debtor, if [F3subsection] (2B) below applies to the debtor; or

(b)on the petition of—

(i)subject to subsection (2D) below, a qualified creditor or qualified creditors, if the debtor is apparently insolvent;

(ii)a temporary administrator;

(iii)a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings; or

(iv)the trustee acting under a trust deed if, and only if, one or more of the conditions in subsection (2C) below is satisfied.]

(2A)F4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(2B)This subsection applies to the debtor where—

(a)the total amount of his debts (including interest) at the date [F5the debtor application is made] is not less than [F6£3,000 or such sum as may be prescribed] ;

(b)an award of sequestration has not been made against him in the period of 5 years ending on the day before the date [F5the debtor application is made] ; and

(c)the debtor F7. . . —

(i)is apparently insolvent;

[F8(ia)is unable to pay his debts and each of the conditions in section 5A of this Act is met;]

[F9(ib)has, within the prescribed period, been granted a certificate for sequestration of the debtor's estate in accordance with section 5B of this Act,] or

(ii)has granted a trust deed [F10which is not a protected trust deed by reason of the creditors objecting, or not agreeing, in accordance with regulations under paragraph 5 of Schedule 5 to this Act, to the trust deed,]

and for the purposes of this paragraph a debtor shall not be apparently insolvent by reason only that he has granted a trust deed or that he has given notice to his creditors as mentioned in paragraph (b) of section 7(1) of this Act.

(2C)The conditions mentioned in subsection [F11(2)(b)(iv)] above are—

(a)that the debtor has failed to comply—

(i)with any obligation imposed on him under the trust deed with which he could reasonably have complied; or

(ii)with any instruction or requirement reasonably given to or made of him by the trustee for the purposes of the trust deed; or

(b)that the trustee avers in his petition that it would be in the best interests of the creditors that an award of sequestration be made.]

[F12(2D)No petition may be presented under subsection (2)(b)(i) above unless the qualified creditor has provided, by such time prior to the presentation of the petition as may be prescribed, the debtor with a debt advice and information package.

(2E)In subsection (2D) above, “debt advice and information package” means the debt advice and information package referred to in section 10(5) of the Debt Arrangement and Attachment (Scotland) Act 2002 (asp 17).]

[F13(2F)In subsection (2B)(c)(ib) above “the prescribed period” means such period, ending immediately before the debtor application is made, as may be prescribed under section 5B(5)(c) of this Act.]

(3)The sequestration of the estate of a deceased debtor shall be on the petition of—

(a)an executor or a person entitled to be appointed as executor on the estate;

(b)a qualified creditor or qualified creditors of the deceased debtor;

[F14(ba)a temporary administrator;

(bb)a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings];or

(c)the trustee acting under a trust deed.

(4)In this Act “qualified creditor” means a creditor who, at the date of the presentation of the petition [F15or, as the case may be, the date the debtor application is made] , is a creditor of the debtor in respect of liquid or illiquid debts (other than contingent or future debts [F16or amounts payable under a confiscation order]), whether secured or unsecured, which amount (or of one such debt which amounts) to not less than [F17[F18£3,000]] or such sum as may be prescribed; and “qualified creditors” means creditors who at the said date are creditors of the debtor in respect of such debts as aforesaid amounting in aggregate to not less than [F17[F19£3,000]] or such sum as may be prescribed [F20; and in the foregoing provisions of this subsection “confiscation order”[F21means a confiscation order under Part 2, 3 or 4 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002]].

[F22(4A)In this Act, “trust deed ”means [F23—

(a)] a voluntary trust deed granted by or on behalf of the debtor whereby his estate (other than such of his estate as would not, under section 33(1) of this Act, vest in the F24. . . trustee if his estate were sequestrated) is conveyed to the trustee for the benefit of his creditors generally [F25; and]

[F25(b)any other trust deed which would fall within paragraph (a) but for—

(i)the exclusion from the estate conveyed to the trustee of the whole or part of the debtor's dwellinghouse, where a secured creditor holds a security over it; and

(ii)the fact that the debtor's estate is not conveyed to the trustee for the benefit of creditors generally because the secured creditor has, at the debtor's request, agreed before the trust deed is granted not to claim under the trust deed for any of the debt in respect of which the security is held.]]

[F26(4AA)In subsection (4A)(b) above “debtor's dwellinghouse” means a dwellinghouse (including any yard, garden, outbuilding or other pertinents) which, on the day immediately preceding the date the trust deed was granted—

(a)the debtor (whether alone or in common with any other person)—

(i)owned; or

(ii)leased under a long lease (long lease having the same meaning as in section 28(1) of the Land Registration (Scotland) Act 1979 (c. 33); and

(b)was the sole or main residence of the debtor.

(4AB)For the purposes of subsection (4AA)(b) above, a dwellinghouse may be a sole or main residence irrespective of whether it is used, to any extent, by the debtor for the purposes of any profession, trade or business.]

[F27(4B)A debtor application shall—

(a)be made to the Accountant in Bankruptcy; and

(b)be in such form as may be prescribed.

(4C)The Scottish Ministers may, by regulations, make provision—

(a)in relation to the procedure to be followed in a debtor application (in so far as not provided for in this Act);

(b)prescribing the form of any document that may be required for the purposes of making a debtor application; and

(c)prescribing the fees and charges which may be levied by the Accountant in Bankruptcy in relation to debtor applications.]

(5)Paragraphs 1(1) and (3), 2(1)(a) and (2) and 6 of Schedule 1 to this Act shall apply in order to ascertain the amount of the debt or debts for the purposes of subsection (4) above as they apply in order to ascertain the amount which a creditor is entitled to claim, but as if for any reference to the date of sequestration there were substituted a reference to the date of presentation of the petition [F28or, as the case may be, the date the debtor application is made] .

(6)The petitioner shall [F29, on the day the petition for sequestration is presented under this section, send a copy of the petition] to the Accountant in Bankruptcy.

[F30[F31(6A)In the case of a debtor application, the debtor shall send a statement of assets and liabilities to the Accountant in Bankruptcy along with the application.]]

(7)Where, after a petition for sequestration has been presented but before the sequestration has been awarded, the debtor dies then—

(a)F32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b)if the petitioner is a creditor, the proceedings shall continue in accordance with this Act so far as circumstances will permit.

[F33(7A)Where, after a debtor application is made but before the sequestration is awarded, the debtor dies, then the application shall fall.]

(8)Where, after a petition for sequestration has been presented under this section but before the sequestration has been awarded, a creditor who—

(a)is the petitioner F34. . . ; or

(b)has lodged answers to the petition,

withdraws or dies, there may be sisted in the place of—

(i)the creditor mentioned in paragraph (a) above, any creditor who was a qualified creditor at the date when the petition was presented and who remains so qualified at the date of the sist;

(ii)the creditor mentioned in paragraph (b) above, any other creditor.

[F35(8A)Where, after a debtor application is made but before the sequestration is awarded, a creditor who concurs in the application withdraws or dies, any other creditor who was a qualified creditor at the date the debtor application was made and who remains so qualified may notify the Accountant in Bankruptcy that he concurs in the application in place of the creditor who has withdrawn or died.]

[F36(9)If the debtor—

(a)fails to send to the Accountant in Bankruptcy in accordance with subsection [F37(6A)] above such statement of assets and liabilities; or

(b)fails to disclose any material fact in such statement of assets and liabilities; or

(c)makes a material misstatement in such statement of assets and liabilities,

he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months or to both such fine and imprisonment.

(10)In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (9) above, it shall be a defence for the accused to show that he had a reasonable excuse for—

(a)failing to send to the Accountant in Bankruptcy in accordance with subsection [F38(6A)] above such statement of assets and liabilities; or

(b)failing to disclose a material fact; or

(c)making a material misstatement.]

Textual Amendments

F1S. 5(2) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(3)(a), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F2S. 5(2)(2A)-(2C) substituted for s. 5(2) (1.4.1993, subject to savings in arts. 4,5 of S.I. 1993/438) by 1993 c. 6, s. 3(2) (with s. 12(6)); S.I. 1993/438, art. 3

F3Words in s. 5(2)(a) substituted (15.11.2010) by Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 6), ss. 9(1)(a), 17(3)(4) (with s. 14); S.S.I. 2010/314, art. 6 (subject to transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2010/316, arts. 4-7)

F4S. 5(2A) repealed (15.11.2010) by Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 6), ss. 9(1)(b), 17(3)(4) (with s. 14); S.S.I. 2010/314, art. 6 (subject to transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2010/316, arts. 4-7)

F5Words in s. 5(2B)(a)(b) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 4(3)(a) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F6Words in s. 5(2B)(a) substituted (1.4.2008 for certain purposes, otherwise prosp.) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 25(a), 227(3), (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(4), Sch. 3 (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F7Word in s. 5(2B)(c) repealed (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 15(1)(a), 227(3), (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10) (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F8S. 5(2B)(c)(ia) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 15(1)(b), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F9S. 5(2B)(c)(ib) inserted (15.11.2010) by Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 6), ss. 9(1)(c), 17(3)(4) (with s. 14); S.S.I. 2010/314, art. 6 (subject to transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2010/316, arts. 4-7)

F10Words in s. 5(2B)(c)(ii) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 4(3)(b) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F11Words in s. 5(2C) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 4(4) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F12S. 5(2D)(2E) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 26, 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 8, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F13S. 5(2F) inserted (15.11.2010) by Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 6), ss. 9(1)(d), 17(3)(4) (with s. 14); S.S.I. 2010/314, art. 6 (subject to transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2010/316, arts. 4-7)

F15Words in s. 5(4) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 4(5) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F17Words in s. 5(4) substituted (1.4.1993, subject to savings in arts. 4, 5 of S.I. 1993/438) by 1993 c. 6, s. 3(3) (with s. 12(6)); S.I. 1993/438, art. 3

F18Words in s. 5(4) substituted (1.4.2008 for certain purposes, otherwise prosp.) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 25(b), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a)(iii)(ab) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F19Words in s. 5(4) substituted (1.4.2008 for certain purposes, otherwise prosp.) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 25(b), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a)(iii)(ab) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F21Words in s. 5(4) substituted (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 458(1)(3), Sch. 11 para. 15(2); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2(1), Sch. (subject to transitional provisions in arts. 3-14) (as amended by S.I. 2003/531); S.S.I. 2003/210, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. (subject to transitional provisions in arts. 3-7)

F22S. 5(4A) inserted (1.4.1993, subject to savings in arts. 4, 5 of S.I. 1993/438) by 1993 c. 6, s. 3(4) (with s. 12(6)); S.I. 1993/438, art. 3

F23Word in s. 5(4A) inserted (15.11.2010) by Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 6), ss. 10(1)(a), 17(3)(4) (with s. 14); S.S.I. 2010/314, art. 6 (subject to transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2010/316, arts. 4-7)

F24Word in s. 5(4A) repealed (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss 226, 227(3), Sch. 6 Pt. 1 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, {art. 3(1)(h)(2)(3), Sch. 2} (with arts. 4-6, 10) (as amended by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5)

F25S. 5(4A)(b) and preceding word inserted (15.11.2010) by Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 6), ss. 10(1)(b), 17(3)(4) (with s. 14); S.S.I. 2010/314, art. 6 (subject to transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2010/316, arts. 4-7)

F26S. 5(4AA)(4AB) inserted (15.11.2010) by Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 6), ss. 10(2), 17(3)(4) (with s. 14); S.S.I. 2010/314, art. 6 (subject to transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2010/316, arts. 4-7)

F27S. 5(4B)(4C) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(3)(b), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F28Words in s. 5(5) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 4(6) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F29Words in s. 5(6) substituted (1.4.1993, subject to savings in arts. 4, 5 of S.I. 1993/438) by 1993 c. 6, s. 3(5) (with s. 12(6)); S.I. 1993/438, art. 3

F30S. 5(6A) inserted (1.4.1993, subject to savings in arts. 4, 5 of S.I. 1993/438) by 1993 c. 6, s. 3(6) (with s. 12(6)); S.I. 1993/438, art. 3

F34Words in s. 5(8)(a) repealed (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 226, 227(3), Sch. 6 Pt. 1 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, {art. 3(1)(h)(i)(2)(3), Sch. 2} (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F36S. 5(9)(10) inserted (1.4.1993, subject to savings in arts. 4, 5 of S.I. 1993/438) by 1993 c. 6, s. 3(7) (with s. 12(6)); S.I. 1993/438, art. 3

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1S. 5 amended (20.7.2001 for certain purposes and otherwise 1.12.2001) by 2000 c. 8, s. 372(1)(b); S.I. 2001/2632, art. 2, Sch. Pt. I; S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)

[F395ADebtor applications by low income, low asset debtorsS

(1)The conditions referred to in section 5(2B)(c)(ia) of this Act are as follows.

(2)The debtor's weekly income (if any) on the date the debtor application is made does not exceed £100 or such other amount as may be prescribed.

(3)The debtor does not own any land.

(4)The total value of the debtor's assets (leaving out of account any liabilities) on the date the debtor application is made does not exceed £1000 or such other amount as may be prescribed.

(5)The Scottish Ministers may by regulations—

(a)make provision as to how the debtor's weekly income is to be determined;

(b)provide that particular descriptions of income are to be excluded for the purposes of subsection (2) above;

(c)make provision as to how the value of the debtor's assets is to be determined;

(d)provide that particular descriptions of asset are to be excluded for the purposes of subsection (4) above;

(e)make different provision for different classes or description of debtor;

(f)add further conditions which must be met before a debtor application may be made by virtue of section 5(2B)(c)(ia) of this Act; and

(g)where such further conditions are added—

(i)remove; or

(ii)otherwise vary,

those conditions.]

Textual Amendments

[F405BCertificate for sequestrationS

(1)A certificate for sequestration of a debtor's estate is a certificate granted by an authorised person certifying that the debtor is unable to pay debts as they become due.

(2)A certificate may be granted only on the application of the debtor.

(3)An authorised person must grant a certificate if, and only if, the debtor can demonstrate that the debtor is unable to pay debts as they become due.

(4)In this section “authorised person” means a person falling within a class prescribed under subsection (5)(a).

(5)The Scottish Ministers may by regulations—

(a)prescribe classes of persons authorised to grant a certificate under this section;

(b)make provision about certification by an authorised person, including—

(i)the form and manner in which a certification must be made;

(ii)the fee, if any, which an authorised person is entitled to charge for or in connection with granting a certificate;

(c)prescribe a period for the purpose of section 5(2B)(c)(ib) of this Act;

(d)make different provision for different cases or classes of case.]

Textual Amendments

F40S. 5B inserted (S.) (15.11.2010) by Home Owner and Debtor Protection (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 6), ss. 9(2), 17(3)(4) (with s. 14); S.S.I. 2010/314, art. 6 (subject to transitional provisions and savings in S.S.I. 2010/316, arts. 4-7)

6 Sequestration of other estates.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, the estate belonging to or held for or jointly by the members of any of the following entities may be sequestrated—

(a)a trust in respect of debts incurred by it;

(b)a partnership, including a dissolved partnership;

(c)a body corporate or an unincorporated body;

(d)a limited partnership (including a dissolved partnership) within the meaning of the M1Limited Partnerships Act 1907.

(2)It shall not be competent to sequestrate the estate of any of the following entities—

[F41(a)a company registered under the Companies Act 2006; or]

(b)an entity in respect of which an enactment provides, expressly or by implication, that sequestration is incompetent.

(3)The sequestration of a trust estate in respect of debts incurred by the trust shall be

[F42(a)by debtor application made by a majority of trustees, with the concurrence of a qualified creditor or qualified creditors; or

(b)on the petition of—

(i)a temporary administrator;

(ii)a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings; or

(iii)a qualified creditor or qualified creditors, if the trustees as such are apparently insolvent.]

(4)The sequestration of the estate of a partnership shall be

[F43(a)by debtor application made by the partnership with the concurrence of a qualified creditor or qualified creditors; or

(b)on the petition of—

(i)a temporary administrator;

(ii)a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings;

(iii)a trustee acting under a trust deed; or

(iv)a qualified creditor or qualified creditors, if the partnership is apparently insolvent.]

(5)A petition under [F44[F45subsection (4)(b)]] above may be combined with a petition for the sequestration of the estate of any of the partners as an individual where that individual is apparently insolvent.

(6)The sequestration of the estate of a body corporate or of an unincorporated body shall be

[F46(a)by debtor application made by a person authorised to act on behalf of the body, with the concurrence of a qualified creditor or qualified creditors; or

(b)on the petition of—

(i)a temporary administrator;

(ii)a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings; or

(iii)a qualified creditor or qualified creditors, if the body is apparently insolvent.]

(7)The application of this Act to the sequestration of the estate of a limited partnership shall be subject to such modifications as may be prescribed.

(8)Subsections (6) [F47, (6A), (8) and (8A)] of section 5 of this Act shall apply for the purposes of this section as they apply for the purposes of that section.

Textual Amendments

F42S. 6(3)(a)(b) substituted (1.4.2008) for words in s. 6(3) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(4)(a), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F43S. 6(4)(a)(b) substituted (1.4.2008) for words in s. 6(4) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(4)(b), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F45Words in s. 6(5) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 5 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F46S. 6(6)(a)(b) substituted (1.4.2008) for words in s. 6(6) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(4)(c), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F47Words in s. 6(8) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(4)(d), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

Marginal Citations

[F486APetition for sequestration of estate: provision of informationU.K.

(1)A petitioner for sequestration of a debtor’s estate shall, insofar as it is within the petitioner’s knowledge, state in the petition–

(a)whether or not the debtor’s centre of main interests is situated–

(i)in the United Kingdom; or

(ii)in another member State; and

(b)whether or not the debtor possesses an establishment–

(i)in the United Kingdom; or

(ii)in any other member State.

(2)If, to the petitioner’s knowledge, there is a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings in relation to the debtor, the petitioner shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, send a copy of the petition to that member State liquidator.]

Textual Amendments

[F496BDebtor application: provision of informationS

(1)Where a debtor application is made, the debtor shall state in the application—

(a)whether or not the debtor's centre of main interests is situated—

(i)in the United Kingdom; or

(ii)in another member State; and

(b)whether not the debtor possesses an establishment—

(i)in the United Kingdom; or

(ii)in any other member State.

(2)If, to the debtor's knowledge, there is a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings in relation to the debtor, the debtor shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, send a copy of the debtor application to that member State liquidator.]

Textual Amendments

F49S. 6B inserted (S.) (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(5), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

7 Meaning of apparent insolvency.S

(1)A debtor’s apparent insolvency shall be constituted (or, where he is already apparently insolvent, constituted anew) whenever—

(a)his estate is sequestered, or he is adjudged bankrupt in England or Wales or Northern Ireland; or

(b)[F50not being a person whose property is for the time being affected by a restraint order or subject to a confiscation, or charging, order,] he gives written notice to his creditors that he has ceased to pay his debts in the ordinary course of business;

[F51(ba)he becomes subject to main proceedings in a member State other than the United Kingdom;] or

(c)any of the following circumstances occurs—

(i)he grants a trust deed;

(ii)following the service on him of a duly executed charge for payment of a debt, the days of charge expire without payment;

(iii)F52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iv)a decree of adjudication of any part of his estate is granted, either for payment or in security;

(v)F52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(vi)F52. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[F53or

(vii)a debt payment programme under the Debt Arrangement and Attachment (Scotland) Act 2002 is revoked, where any debt being paid under the programme is constituted by a decree or document of debt as defined in section 10 (attachment) of that Act,]

unless it is shown that at the time when any such circumstances occurred, the debtor was able and willing to pay his debts as they became due [F54or that but for his property being affected by a restraint order or subject to a confiscation, or charging, order he would be able to do so]; or

(d)a creditor of the debtor, in respect of a liquid debt which amounts (or liquid debts which in aggregate amount) to not less than £750 or such sum as may be prescribed, has served on the debtor, by personal service by an officer of court, a demand in the prescribed form requiring him either to pay the debt (or debts) or to find security for its (or their) payment, and within 3 weeks after the date of service of the demand the debtor has not—

(i)complied with the demand; or

(ii)intimated to the creditor, by recorded delivery, that he denies that there is a debt or that the sum claimed by the creditor as the debt is immediately payable.

[F55In paragraph (d) above, “liquid debt” does not include a sum payable under a confiscation order; and in the foregoing provisions of this subsection—

  • “charging order” has the meaning assigned F56. . . [F57F56. . . by section 78(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 1988][F58or by section 27(2) of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994];

  • F59. . . [F60 “confiscation order” and “restraint order” mean a confiscation order or a restraint order made under Part 2, 3 or 4 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002]].

(2)A debtor’s apparent insolvency shall continue, if constituted under—

(a)subsection (1)(a) above, until his discharge; F61. . .

(b)subsection (1)(b), (c) or (d) above, until he becomes able to pay his debts and pays them as they become due [F62; or

(c)subsection (1)(ba), [F63until] main proceedings have ended].

(3)The apparent insolvency of—

(a)a partnership shall be constituted either in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this section or if any of the partners is apparently insolvent for a debt of the partnership;

(b)an unincorporated body shall be constituted if a person representing the body is apparently insolvent, or a person holding property of the body in a fiduciary capacity is apparently insolvent, for a debt of the body.

(4)Notwithstanding subsection (2) of section 6 of this Act, the apparent insolvency of an entity such as is mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) of that subsection may be constituted (or as the case may be constituted anew) under subsection (1) above; and any reference in the foregoing provisions of this section to a debtor shall, except where the context otherwise requires, be construed as including a reference to such an entity.

Textual Amendments

F52S. 7(1)(c)(iii)(v)(vi) repealed (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 226, 227(3), Sch. 6 Pt. 1 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, {art. 3(2)(3), Sch. 2} (with arts. 4-6, 9, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F53S. 7(1)(c)(vii) and word inserted (30.11.2004) by The Debt Arrangement Scheme (Scotland) Regulations 2004 (S.S.I. 2004/468), regs. 1, 46(b) (as amended by S.S.I. 2004/470, reg. 3)

F56S. 7(1): words in the definition of charging order omitted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 37, ss. 65(1), 69(2), Sch. 1 para. 10(2)(a)

F58S. 7(1): words in the definition of charging order inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 37, ss. 65(1), 69(2), Sch. 1 para. 10(2)(a)

F59Words in s. 7(1) repealed (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 226, 227(3), Sch. 6 Pt. 1 (with s. 223)); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(2)(3), Sch. 2 (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F60Words in s. 7(1) substituted (24.3.2003) by virtue of Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 458(1)(3), Sch. 11 para. 15(3); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2(1), Sch. (subject to transitional provisions in arts. 3-14) (as amended by S.I. 2003/531); S.S.I. 2003/210, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. (subject to transitional provisions in arts. 3-7)

F63Word in s. 7(2)(c) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 6 (with s. 223)); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

8 Further provisions relating to presentation of petitions.U.K.

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, a petition for the sequestration of a debtor’s estate (other than a deceased debtor’s estate) may be presented—

[F64(a)at any time by–

(i)F65. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii)a trustee acting under a trust deed;

(iii)a temporary administrator; or

(iv)a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings;]

(b)by a qualified creditor or qualified creditors, only if the apparent insolvency founded on in the petition was constituted within 4 months before the petition is presented.

(2)A petition for the sequestration of the estate of a limited partnership may be presented within such time as may be prescribed.

(3)A petition for the sequestration of the estate of a deceased debtor may be presented—

[F66(a)at any time by–

(i)an executor;

(ii)a person entitled to be appointed as executor of the estate;

(iii)a trustee acting under a trust deed;

(iv)a temporary administrator; or

(v)a member State liquidator appointed in main proceedings;]

(b)by a qualified creditor or qualified creditors of the deceased debtor—

(i)in a case where the apparent insolvency of the debtor was constituted within 4 months before his death, at any time;

(ii)in any other case (whether or not apparent insolvency has been constituted), not earlier than 6 months after the debtor’s death.

(4)If an executor does not petition for sequestration of the deceased debtor’s estate or for the appointment of a judicial factor to administer the estate within a reasonable period after he knew or ought to have known that the estate was absolutely insolvent and likely to remain so, any intromission by him with the estate after the expiry of that period shall be deemed to be an intromission without a title.

(5)The presentation of [F67, or the concurring in,] a petition for sequestration shall bar the effect of any enactment or rule of law relating to the limitation of actions in any part of the United Kingdom.

(6)Where before sequestration is awarded it becomes apparent that a petitioning F68. . . creditor was ineligible so to petition F68. . . he shall withdraw, or as the case may be withdraw from, the petition but another creditor may be sisted in his place.

Textual Amendments

F65S. 8(1)(a)(i) repealed (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 226, 227(3), Sch. 6 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(2)(3), Sch. 2 (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F67Words in s. 8(5) repealed (S.) (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 226, 227(3), Sch. 6 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(2)(3), Sch. 2 (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F68Words in s. 8(6) repealed (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 226, 227(3), Sch. 6 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(2)(3), Sch. 2 (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C3S. 8(5) applied with modifications by S.I. 1986/1915, Rule 4.76.

[F698AFurther provisions relating to debtor applicationsS

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, a debtor application may be made at any time.

(2)A debtor application made in relation to the estate of a limited partnership may be made within such time as may be prescribed.

(3)The making of, or the concurring in, a debtor application shall bar the effect of any enactment or rule of law relating to the limitation of actions.

(4)Where, before sequestration is awarded, it becomes apparent that a creditor concurring in a debtor application was ineligible to so concur the Accountant in Bankruptcy shall withdraw him from the application but another creditor may concur in the place of the ineligible creditor and that other creditor shall notify the Accountant in Bankruptcy of that fact.]

Textual Amendments

F69S. 8A inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(6), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

9 Jurisdiction.S

(1)[F70Where a petition is presented for the sequestration of an estate,] the [F71sheriff] shall have jurisdiction in respect of the sequestration of the estate of a living debtor or of a deceased debtor if the debtor had an established place of business in [F72the sheriffdom], or was habitually resident there, at the relevant time.

[F73(1A)The Accountant in Bankruptcy may determine a debtor application for the sequestration of the estate of a living debtor if the debtor had an established place of business in Scotland, or was habitually resident there, at the relevant time.]

(2)[F74Where a petition is presented for the sequestration of an estate,] the [F75sheriff] shall have jurisdiction in respect of the sequestration of the estate of any entity which may be sequestrated by virtue of section 6 of this Act, if the entity—

(a)had an established place of business in [F76the sheriffdom] at the relevant time; or

(b)was constituted or formed under Scots law, and at any time carried on business in [F76the sheriffdom] .

[F77(2A)The Accountant in Bankruptcy may determine a debtor application for the sequestration of the estate of any entity which may be sequestrated by virtue of section 6 of this Act, if the entity—

(a)had an established place of business in Scotland at the relevant time; or

(b)was constituted or formed under Scots law, and at any time carried on business in Scotland.]

(3)Notwithstanding that the partner of a firm, whether alive or deceased, does not fall within subsection (1) above, the [F78sheriff] shall have jurisdiction in respect of the sequestration of his estate if a petition has been presented for the sequestration of the estate of the firm of which he is, or was at the relevant time before his decease, a partner and the process of that sequestration is still current.

[F79(3A)Any proceedings under this Act which—

(a)relate to—

(i)a debtor application; or

(ii)the sequestration of a debtor's estate awarded following such an application; and

(b)may be brought before a sheriff,

shall be brought before the sheriff who would, under subsection (1) or (2) above, have had jurisdiction in respect of a petition for sequestration of the debtor's estate.]

(4)F80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5)In this section “the relevant time” means at any time in the year immediately preceding the date of presentation of the petition [F81, the date the debtor application is made] or the date of death, as the case may be.

[F82(6)This section is subject to Article 3 of the EC Regulation.]

Textual Amendments

F70Words in s. 9(1) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(7)(a), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F71Word in s. 9(1) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 16(1)(a)(i), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F72Words in s. 9(1) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 16(1)(a)(ii), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F74Words in s. 9(2) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 14(7)(c), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F75Word in s. 9(2) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 16(1)(b)(i), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F76Words in s. 9(2) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 16(1)(b)(ii), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F78Word in s. 9(3) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 16(1)(c), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F80S. 9(4) repealed (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 16(1)(d), 227(3) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(a) (with arts. 4-6, 10) (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5)

F81Words in s. 9(5) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 7 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

[F8310Duty to notify existence of concurrent proceedings for sequestration or analogous remedyS

(1)If, in the course of sequestration proceedings (referred to in this section and in section 10A of this Act as the “instant proceedings”)—

(a)a petitioner for sequestration;

(b)the debtor; or

(c)a creditor concurring in a debtor application,

is, or becomes, aware of any of the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2) below, he shall as soon as possible take the action mentioned in subsection (3) below.

(2)Those circumstances are that, notwithstanding the instant proceedings—

(a)a petition for sequestration of the debtor's estate is before a sheriff or such sequestration has been awarded;

(b)a debtor application has been made in relation to the debtor's estate or sequestration has been awarded by virtue of such an application;

(c)a petition for the appointment of a judicial factor on the debtor's estate is before a court or such a judicial factor has been appointed;

(d)a petition is before a court for the winding up of the debtor under Part IV or V of the Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45) or section 372 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (c. 8); or

(e)an application for an analogous remedy in respect of the debtor's estate is proceeding or such an analogous remedy is in force.

(3)The action referred to in subsection (1) above is—

(a)in a case where the instant proceedings are by petition for sequestration, to notify the sheriff to whom that petition was presented; and

(b)in a case where the instant proceedings are by debtor application, to notify the Accountant in Bankruptcy,

of the circumstance referred to in subsection (2) above.

(4)If a petitioner fails to comply with subsection (1) above, he may be made liable for the expenses of presenting the petition for sequestration.

(5)If a creditor concurring in a debtor application fails to comply with subsection (1) above, he may be made liable for the expenses of making the debtor application.

(6)If a debtor fails to comply with subsection (1) above, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.

(7)In this section and in section 10A of this Act “analogous remedy” means a bankruptcy order under the Bankruptcy Act 1914 (c. 59) or an individual voluntary arrangement or bankruptcy order under the Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45) or an administration order under section 112 of the County Courts Act 1984 (c. 28) in England and Wales or under any enactment having the like effect in Northern Ireland or a remedy analogous to any of the aforesaid remedies, or to sequestration, in any other country (including England, Wales and Northern Ireland).]

Textual Amendments

F83Ss. 10, 10A substituted (1.4.2008) for s. 10 by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 8 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

[F8410APowers in relation to concurrent proceedings for sequestration or analogous remedyS

(1)Where, in the course of instant proceedings which are by petition, any of the circumstances mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (d) of section 10(2) of this Act exists, the sheriff to whom the petition in the instant proceedings was presented may, on his own motion or at the instance of the debtor or any creditor or other person having an interest, allow that petition to proceed or may sist or dismiss it.

(2)Without prejudice to subsection (1) above, where, in the course of instant proceedings which are by petition, any of the circumstances mentioned in paragraphs (a), (c) or (d) of section 10(2) of this Act exists, the Court of Session may, on its own motion or on the application of the debtor or any creditor or other person having an interest, direct the sheriff before whom the petition in the instant proceedings is pending, or the sheriff before whom the other petition is pending, to sist or dismiss the petition in the instant proceedings or, as the case may be, the other petition, or may order the petitions to be heard together.

(3)Without prejudice to subsection (1) above, where, in the course of instant proceedings which are by petition, the circumstance mentioned in paragraph (b) of section 10(2) of this Act exists, the sheriff to whom the petition in the instant proceedings was presented may, on his own motion or at the instance of the debtor or any creditor or other person having an interest, direct the Accountant in Bankruptcy to dismiss the debtor application.

(4)Where, in the course of instant proceedings which are by debtor application, any of the circumstances mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (d) of section 10(2) of this Act exists, the Accountant in Bankruptcy may dismiss the debtor application in the instant proceedings.

(5)Where, in respect of the same estate–

(a)a petition for sequestration is pending before a sheriff; and

(b)an application for an analogous remedy is proceeding or an analogous remedy is in force,

the sheriff, on his own motion or at the instance of the debtor or any creditor or other person having an interest, may allow the petition for sequestration to proceed or may sist or dismiss it.

(6)Where, in respect of the same estate–

(a)a debtor application has been made and has not been determined; and

(b)an application for an analogous remedy is proceeding or an analogous remedy is in force,

the Accountant in Bankruptcy may proceed to determine the application or may dismiss it.]

Textual Amendments

F84Ss. 10, 10A substituted (1.4.2008) for s. 10 by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 8 (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

11 Creditor’s oath.S

(1)Every creditor, being a petitioner for sequestration, a creditor who concurs in a [F85debtor application] or a qualified creditor who becomes sisted under subsection (8)(i) of section 5 of this Act or under that subsection as applied by section 6(8) of this Act, shall produce an oath in the prescribed form made by him or on his behalf.

(2)The oath may be made—

(a)in the United Kingdom, before any person entitled to administer an oath there;

(b)outwith the United Kingdom, before a British diplomatic or consular officer or any person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation under the law of the place where the oath is made.

(3)The identity of the person making the oath and the identity of the person before whom the oath is made and their authority to make and to administer the oath respectively shall be presumed to be correctly stated, and any seal or signature on the oath shall be presumed to be authentic, unless the contrary is established.

(4)If the oath contains any error or has omitted any fact, the [F86sheriff to whom] the petition for sequestration was presented [F87or, in the case of a creditor concurring in a debtor application, the Accountant in Bankruptcy] may, at any time before sequestration is awarded, allow another oath to be produced rectifying the original oath; and this section shall apply to the making of that other oath as it applies to the making of the original oath.

(5)Every creditor must produce along with the oath an account or voucher (according to the nature of the debt) which constitutesprima facie evidence of the debt; and a petitioning creditor shall in addition produce such evidence as is available to him to show the apparent insolvency of the debtor.

Textual Amendments

F85Words in s. 11(1) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 9(a) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F86Words in s. 11(4) substituted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 9(b)(i) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))

F87Words in s. 11(4) inserted (1.4.2008) by Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 (asp 3), ss. 36, 227(3), Sch. 1 para. 9(b)(ii) (with s. 223); S.S.I. 2008/115, art. 3(1)(i) (with arts. 4-6, 10 (as amended (with effect from 31.1.2011) by S.S.I. 2011/31, art. 5))