The HyNet Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Order 2024

PART 1 Preliminary

Citation and commencement

1.—(1) This Order may be cited as the HyNet Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Order 2024.

(2) This Order comes into force on 11th April 2024.

Interpretation

2.—(1) In this order—

“1961 Act” means the Land Compensation Act 1961(1);

“1965 Act” means the Compulsory Purchase Act 1965(2);

“1980 Act” means the Highways Act 1980(3);

“1981 Act” means the Compulsory Purchase (Vesting Declarations) Act 1981(4);

“1984 Act” means the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984(5);

“1990 Act” means the Town and Country Planning Act 1990(6);

“1991 Act” means the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991(7);

“2003 Act” means the Communications Act 2003(8);

“2008 Act” means the Planning Act 2008(9);

“the 2016 Regulations” means the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016 (10);

“access and rights of way plans” means the plans certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“address” includes any number or address used for the purposes of electronic transmission;

“AGI” means above ground installation, being a secure compound above ground level containing equipment relating to the pipeline which is necessary for its operation and/or maintenance. The AGIs include PIG facilities, ancillary infrastructure (including lighting and parking provisions), and electrical and instrumentation kiosks;

“ancillary works” means the ancillary works described in Part 2 of Schedule 1 (ancillary works) and any other works authorised by this Order which are not development within the meaning of section 32 of the 2008 Act;

“apparatus” has the same meaning as in section 105(1) of the 1991 Act;

“authorised development” means the development described in Schedule 1 (authorised development) and any other development authorised by this Order that is development within the meaning of section 32 of the 2008 Act;

“bank holiday” means a bank holiday in England and Wales under section 1 of the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971(11);

“block valve” means an intermediate underground valve which can rapidly stem the flow of the carbon dioxide;

“book of reference” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State as the book of reference for the purposes of the Order under article 44;

“building” includes any structure or erection or any part of a building, structure or erection;

“business day” means a day other than a Saturday or Sunday, Good Friday, Christmas Day or a bank holiday in England and Wales under section 1 of the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971;

“BVS” means block valve station, being a secure compound above ground level containing equipment relating to the pipeline which is necessary for its operation and/or maintenance. The BVSs include a block valve, ancillary infrastructure (including lighting, parking provisions), and above ground electrical and instrumentation kiosks;

“carriageway” has the same meaning as in the 1980 Act;

“CEMP” means the construction environmental management plan to be prepared and approved under requirement 6 (construction environmental management plan) of Schedule 2 (requirements);

“chief officer of police” means the chief officer of police of the police area in which a power under this Order is sought to be exercised;

“commence” means carry out a material operation, as defined in section 155 of the 2008 Act (when development begins), comprised in or for the purposes of the authorised development other than site preparation works, remediation works, environmental (including archaeological) surveys and investigation, site, utility or soil survey, erection of temporary fencing to site boundaries or marking out of site boundaries, installation of temporary amphibian and reptile fencing, the diversion or laying of services or environmental mitigation measures and any such temporary accesses that may be required in association with these, and “commencement”, “commenced” and cognate expressions are to be construed accordingly;

“crown land plans” means the document certified as the crown land plans by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“electronic transmission” means a communication transmitted—

(a)

by means of an electronic communications network; or

(b)

by other means but while in electronic form;

and in this definition “electronic communications network” has the same meaning as in section 32(1) (meaning of electronic communications networks and services) of the 2003 Act;

“environmental statement” means the document certified by the Secretary of State as the environmental statement for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“existing pipeline” means the existing natural gas pipeline, constructed in accordance with a pipeline construction authorisation and deemed planning permission issued by the Secretary of State on 16 December 1993 under the Pipelines Act 1962 for “a 24 inch natural gas cross-country pipeline from Point of Ayr to Connah’s Quay”, which pipeline is to be repurposed under this Order and along which Work Nos. 51, 53 and 55 are to be constructed;

“general arrangement plans” means the Block Valve Stations Planning Arrangement, Block Valve Stations Elevations, Above Ground Installation Planning Arrangement and Above Ground Installation Elevations certified by the Secretary of State as the general arrangement plans for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“highway”, “highway authority” and “local highway authority” have the same meaning as in the 1980 Act and “highway” includes part of a highway;

“land plans” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“limits of deviation” means the limits of deviation referred to in article 6 (limits of deviation) and shown on the works plans;

“maintain” includes inspect, assess, repair, test, cleanse, adjust, landscape, preserve, make safe, divert or alter the authorised development, and remove, clear, reconstruct, re-new, re-lay, re-furbish, improve, replace, dismantle, demolish, abandon or decommission any part of the authorised development, provided these do not give rise to any materially new or materially different environmental effects identified in the environmental statement, but must not include the renewal, re-laying, reconstruction or replacement of the entirety of the new pipeline; and any derivative of “maintain” is to be construed accordingly;

“new pipeline” means the pipeline to be constructed and operated as part of the authorised development forming Work Nos. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48 and 50;

“Order land” means the land shown on the land plans which is within the limits of land to be acquired or used and described in the book of reference under article 44;

“Order limits” means the limits shown on the works plans within which the authorised development may be carried out;

“outline archaeological written scheme of investigation” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“outline construction environment management plan” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“outline construction traffic management plan” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“outline landscape and ecology management plan” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“outline operational and maintenance environmental management plan” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“outline surface water drainage strategy report and appendices” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“PIG” means pipeline inspection gauge, a device used for internal maintenance, cleaning and monitoring of a pipeline;

“pipeline” means the existing pipeline and the new pipeline and includes all of the authorised development including all AGIs and BVSs;

“relevant planning authority” means in any given provision of this Order (including the requirements), the local planning authority—

(a)

for the area of land to which the provision relates is situated; and

(b)

with the relevant legislative competence under the 1990 Act for the matter to which that provision relates;

“requirements” means those matters set out in Schedule 2 (requirements) to this Order and a reference to a numbered requirement is a reference to the requirement imposed by the corresponding numbered paragraph of that Schedule;

“special category land plans” means the document certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44;

“statutory undertaker” means any person falling within section 127(8) of the 2008 Act and includes a public communications provider as defined in section 151 of the 2003 Act;

“street” means a street within the meaning of section 48 of the 1991 Act(12), together with land on the verge of a street or between two carriageways, and includes part of a street;

“street authority”, in relation to a street, has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 1991 Act(13);

“traffic authority” has the same meaning as in the 1984 Act;

“trenchless installation techniques” means the installation of the new pipeline and/or associated telecommunications cabling by means of boring techniques including horizontal directional drilling, auger boring and micro-tunnelling;

“tribunal” means the Lands Chamber of the Upper Tribunal;

“undertaker” means Liverpool Bay CCS limited, incorporated under company number 13194018 and having its registered office at Eni House, 10 Ebury Bridge Road, London SW1W 8PZ; and

“works plans” means the plan or plans certified as such by the Secretary of State for the purposes of this Order under article 44.

(2) References in this Order to rights over land include references to rights to do or to place and maintain, anything in, on or under land or in the airspace above its surface and references in this Order to the imposition of restrictive covenants are references to the creation of rights over land which interfere with the interests or rights of another and are for the benefit of land which is acquired under this Order or is otherwise comprised in the Order land.

(3) All distances, directions, areas and lengths referred to in this Order are approximate and distances between points on a work comprised in the authorised development are taken to be measured along that work.

(4) For the purposes of this Order, all areas described in square metres in the book of reference are approximate.

(5) References in this Order to points identified by letters or numbers are to be construed as references to points so lettered or numbered on the relevant plans.

(6) References in this Order to numbered works are references to the works as numbered in Part 1 of Schedule 1 (authorised development).

(7) References to any statutory body includes that body’s successor bodies from time to time that have jurisdiction over the authorised development.

(8) In this Order, the expression “includes” is to be construed without limitation.

PART 2 Principal Powers

Development consent etc. granted by the Order

3.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Order and to the requirements the undertaker is granted—

(a) development consent for the authorised development; and

(b) consent for the ancillary works,

to be carried out within the Order limits.

Operation and use of the authorised development

4.—(1) The undertaker may at any time operate and use the authorised development and the existing pipeline except to the extent that this Order or an agreement made under this Order provides otherwise.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Order the undertaker is granted consent to use the existing pipeline for the conveyance of carbon dioxide.

(3) The consent granted under paragraphs (1) and (2) does not relieve the undertaker from compliance with any obligation under the Pipeline Safety Regulations 1996(14).

Power to maintain the authorised development

5.—(1) The undertaker may at any time maintain the authorised development, except to the extent that this Order or an agreement made under this Order provides otherwise.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not authorise diversion of the authorised development—

(a) outside the limits of deviation; or

(b) which would result in the authorised development varying from the description in Part 1 of Schedule 1 (authorised development).

Limits of deviation

6.—(1) In carrying out or maintaining the authorised development, the undertaker may—

(a) deviate the works laterally within the extent of the limits of deviation for those works shown on the works plans;

(b) deviate the pipeline works vertically upwards to a limit of not less than 1.2 metres below the surface of the ground (except where ground conditions make compliance with this upwards limit impracticable in which case the upwards limit is 0.452 metres below the surface of the ground);

(c) in respect of those sections of the pipeline works which may be constructed and installed using trenchless installation techniques, deviate the pipeline works vertically downwards to such extent as may be found necessary or convenient subject to a maximum depth of 35m;

(d) deviate works other than the pipeline vertically—

(i) upwards or above ground level to the height limits set for those works in Schedule 2 (requirements); and

(ii) downwards to any extent as may be found necessary or convenient.

(2) The maximum limits of vertical deviation specified in paragraph (1)(b) do not apply within Work No 43E.

(3) The maximum limits of vertical deviation specified in paragraphs (1)(b), (c) and (d) do not apply where it is demonstrated by the undertaker to the Secretary of State’s satisfaction and the Secretary of State, following consultation with the relevant planning authority, certifies accordingly that a deviation in excess of these limits would not give rise to any materially new or materially different environmental effects to those identified in the environmental statement.

Benefit of the Order

7.—(1) Subject to this article, the provisions of this Order have effect solely for the benefit of the undertaker.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), the undertaker may with the written consent of the Secretary of State—

(a) transfer to another person (“the transferee”) any or all of the benefit of the provisions of this Order and such related statutory rights as may be agreed between the undertaker and the transferee; and

(b) grant to another person (“the lessee”) for a period agreed between the undertaker and the lessee any or all of the benefit of the provisions of this Order and such related statutory rights as may be so agreed.

(3) Where an agreement has been made in accordance with any transfer or grant under paragraph (2) references in the Order to the undertaker, except in paragraph (4), includes references to the transferee or lessee.

(4) The exercise by a person of any benefits or rights conferred in accordance with any transfer or grant under paragraph (2) is subject to the same restrictions, liabilities and obligations as would apply under this Order if those benefits or rights were exercised by the undertaker.

(5) Where an agreement has been made in accordance with paragraph (2)—

(a) the benefit (“the transferred benefit”) includes any rights that are conferred, and any obligations that are imposed by virtue of the provisions to which the benefit relates;

(b) the transferred benefit resides exclusively with the transferee or, as the case may be, the lessee and the transferred benefit is not enforceable against the undertaker save in the case of any breach of an obligation by the undertaker which occurs prior to such transfer or grant or which occurs as a result of any activity carried out by the undertaker on behalf of the transferee or lessee.

(6) Paragraph (1) does not apply to the works for which the consent is granted by this Order for the express benefit of owners and occupiers of land, statutory undertakers and other persons affected by the authorised development.

Application and modification of legislative provisions

8.—(1) The following enactments do not apply in relation to the construction of any work or the carrying out of any operation for the purpose of or in connection with, the construction of the authorised development or any maintenance of any part of the authorised development—

(a) the provisions of any byelaws made under, or having effect as if made under, paragraphs 5, 6 or 6A of Schedule 25 (byelaw making powers of the authority) to the Water Resources Act 1991(15);

(b) the provisions of any byelaws made under section 66 (powers to make byelaws) of the Land Drainage Act 1991(16);

(c) sections 23 (prohibition on obstructions etc. in watercourses) and 30 (authorisation of drainage works in connection with a ditch) of the Land Drainage Act 1991(17); and

(d) the provisions of the Neighbourhood Planning Act 2017(18) in so far as they relate to the temporary possession of land under articles 34 (temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development) and 35 (temporary use of land for maintaining the authorised development).

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 208 of the 2008 Act, for the purposes of regulation 6 of the Community Infrastructure Levy Regulations 2010(b) any building comprised in the authorised development must be deemed to be—

(a) a building into which people do not normally go; or

(b) a building into which people go only intermittently for the purpose of inspecting or maintaining fixed plant or machinery.

Defence to proceedings in respect of statutory nuisance

9.—(1) Where proceedings are brought under section 82(1) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990(a) (summary proceedings by person aggrieved by statutory nuisance) in relation to a nuisance falling within paragraphs (g) (noise emitted from premises so as to be prejudicial to health or a nuisance) and (ga) (noise that is prejudicial to health or nuisance and is emitted from or caused by a vehicle, machinery or equipment in a street or in Scotland, road;) of section 79(1) of that Act no order is to be made, and no fine may be imposed, under section 82(2) of that Act if the defendant shows that the nuisance—

(a) relates to premises used by the undertaker for the purposes of or in connection with the construction or maintenance of the authorised development and that the nuisance is attributable to the carrying out of the authorised development in accordance with a notice served under section 60 (control of noise on construction site), or a consent given under section 61 (prior consent for work on construction sites) of the Control of Pollution Act 1974(19); or

(b) relates to premises used by the undertaker for the purposes of or in connection with the use of the authorised development and that the nuisance is attributable to the use of the authorised development in accordance with the controls and measures relating to noise as described in the construction environment management plan approved under Schedule 2 (Requirements) or in accordance with the noise levels set out in an environmental permit relating to the operation of the development;

(c) is a consequence of the construction or maintenance of the authorised development and that it cannot reasonably be avoided; or

(d) is a consequence of complying with a requirement of this Order and that it cannot reasonably be avoided; or

(e) is a consequence of the use of the authorised development and that it cannot be reasonably avoided.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1) above, compliance with the controls and measures relating to noise described in the CEMP will be sufficient, but not necessary, to show that an alleged nuisance could not reasonably be avoided.

(3) Where a relevant planning authority is acting in accordance with section 60(4) and section 61(4) of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 in relation to the construction of the authorised development then the local authority must also have regard to the controls and measures relating to noise referred to in the CEMP approved under Schedule 2 (Requirements).

(4) Section 61(9) (consent for work on construction site to include statement that it does not of itself constitute a defence to proceedings under section 82 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990) of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 does not apply where the consent relates to the use of premises by the undertaker for the purposes of or in connection with the construction or maintenance of the authorised development.

(5) In this article “premises” has the same meaning as in section 79 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990(20).

PART 3 Streets

Street works

10.—(1) The undertaker may, for the purposes of the authorised development, enter on so much of any of the streets specified in Part 1 (streets subject to permanent street works) and Part 2 (streets subject to temporary street works) of Schedule 3 as is within the Order limits and may without the consent of the street authority—

(a) break up or open the street, or any sewer, drain or tunnel under it;

(b) tunnel or bore under the street or carry out works to strengthen or repair the carriageway;

(c) remove or use all earth and materials in or under the street;

(d) place apparatus under the street;

(e) maintain, alter or renew apparatus under the street or change its position;

(f) demolish, remove, replace and relocate any street furniture within the street;

(g) execute any works to provide or improve sight lines;

(h) execute and maintain any works to provide hard and soft landscaping;

(i) carry out re-lining and placement of road markings;

(j) remove and install temporary and permanent signage; and

(k) execute any works required for or incidental to any works referred to in sub-paragraphs (a) to (j).

(2) The authority given by paragraph (1) is a statutory right for the purposes of sections 48(3) (streets, street works and undertakers) and 51(1) (prohibition of unauthorised street works) of the 1991 Act.

(3) Without limiting the scope of the powers conferred by paragraph (1) but subject to paragraph (4), the undertaker may, for the purposes of the authorised development, or for purposes ancillary to it, enter on so much of any other street whether or not within the Order limits, for the purposes of carrying out the works set out in paragraph (1).

(4) The powers conferred by paragraph (3) must not be exercised without the consent of the street authority, which may attach reasonable conditions to any consent, but such consent is not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

(5) If a street authority that receives an application for consent under paragraph (4) fails to notify the undertaker of its decision within 42 days beginning with the date on which the application was received by that street authority, that authority will be deemed to have granted consent.

(6) In this article “apparatus” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 1991 Act save that “apparatus” includes pipelines, fibre optic or other telecommunication cables, aerial markers, cathodic protection test posts, field boundary markers, monitoring kiosks, and electricity cabinets.

Power to alter layout, etc. of streets

11.—(1) The undertaker may for the purposes of carrying out the authorised development temporarily alter the layout of, or carry out any works in, a street specified in column (2) of Part 2 of Schedule 3 (streets subject to temporary street works) in the manner specified in relation to that street in column (3).

(2) Without limitation on the specific powers conferred by paragraph (1), but subject to paragraph (4), the undertaker may, for the purposes of constructing and maintaining the authorised development, permanently or temporarily alter the layout of any street (and carry out works ancillary to such alterations) whether or not within the Order limits and the layout of any street having a junction with such a street and, without limiting the scope of this paragraph, the undertaker may—

(a) increase the width of the carriageway of the street by reducing the width of any footpath, footway, cycle track, central reservation or verge within the street;

(b) alter the level or increase the width of any such street, footpath, footway, cycle track, central reservation or verge;

(c) reduce the width of the carriageway of the street;

(d) execute any works to widen or alter the alignment of pavements;

(e) make and maintain crossovers and passing places;

(f) execute any works of surfacing or resurfacing of the highway;

(g) carry out works for the provision or alteration of parking places, loading bays and cycle tracks;

(h) execute any works necessary to alter or provide facilities for the management and protection of pedestrians;

(i) execute any works to provide or improve sight lines required by the highway authority;

(j) execute and maintain any works to provide hard and soft landscaping;

(k) carry out re-lining and placement of new temporary markings; and

(l) remove and replace kerbs and flume ditches for the purposes of creating permanent and temporary accesses.

(3) The undertaker must restore to the reasonable satisfaction of the street authority any street that has been temporarily altered under this article.

(4) The powers conferred by paragraph (2) must not be exercised without the consent of the street authority, which may attach reasonable conditions to any consent, but such consent is not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

(5) If a street authority which receives an application for consent under paragraph (4) fails to notify the undertaker of its decision before the end of the period of 42 days beginning with the date on which the application was received by that street authority, it is deemed to have granted consent.

Application of the 1991 Act

12.—(1) The provisions of the 1991 Act mentioned in paragraph (2) that apply in relation to the carrying out of street works under that Act and any regulations made or code of practice issued or approved under those provisions apply (with all necessary modifications) in relation to—

(a) the carrying out of works under articles 10 (street works) and 11 (power to alter layout etc. of streets);

(b) the temporary restriction, temporary alteration or temporary diversion of a public right of way by the undertaker under article 13 (temporary restriction of public rights of way); and

(c) the temporary restriction, temporary alteration or temporary diversion of a street by the undertaker under article 15 (temporary restriction of use of streets);

whether or not the carrying out of the works or the stopping up, alteration or diversion constitutes street works within the meaning of that Act.

(2) The provisions of the 1991 Act(21) are—

(a) subject to paragraph (3), section 55 (notice of starting date of works);

(b) section 57 (notice of emergency works);

(c) section 60 (general duty of undertakers to co-operate);

(d) section 68 (facilities to be afforded to street authority);

(e) section 69 (works likely to affect other apparatus in the street);

(f) section 76 (liability for cost of temporary traffic regulation);

(g) section 77 (liability for cost of use of alternative route); and

(h) all provisions of that Act that apply for the purposes of the provisions referred to in subparagraphs (a) to (g).

(3) Section 55 of the 1991 Act as applied by paragraph (2) has effect as if references in section 57 of that Act to emergency works included a reference to a stopping up, alteration or diversion (as the case may be) required in a case of emergency.

(4) The following provisions of the 1991 Act do not apply in relation to any works executed under the powers conferred by this Order—

(a) section 56 (power to give directions as to timing of street works);

(b) section 56A (power to give directions as to placing of apparatus);

(c) section 58 (restriction on works following substantial road works);

(d) section 58A (restriction on works following substantial street works); and

(e) schedule 3A (restriction on works following substantial street works).

Temporary restriction of public rights of way

13.—(1) The undertaker may, in connection with the carrying out of the authorised development, temporarily restrict, prevent use of or close each of the public rights of way specified in column (2) of Part 1 of Schedule 6 (public rights of way to be temporarily restricted) to the extent specified in column (3), by reference to the numbered points shown on the access and rights of way plans.

(2) The public rights of way specified in Part 1 of Schedule 6 (public rights of way to be temporarily restricted) must not be temporarily closed under this article unless an alternative public right of way is first provided by the undertaker to the reasonable satisfaction of the relevant local highway authority.

(3) The relevant diversion route provided under paragraph (2) will be subsequently maintained by the undertaker until the re-opening of the relevant public right of way specified in paragraph (1).

(4) Any person who suffers loss by the suspension of any private right of way under this article is entitled to compensation to be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(5) If a street authority which receives an application for confirmation that an alternative public right of way is satisfactory under paragraph (2) fails to notify the undertaker of its decision before the end of the period of 42 days beginning with the date on which the application was received by that street authority, it is deemed to have granted consent.

Stopping up of public rights of way

14.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the undertaker may, in connection with the carrying out of the authorised development, stop up each of public rights of way specified in columns (1) and (2) of Part 2 of Schedule 6 (public rights of way to be stopped up) to the extent specified in column (3).

(2) No public right of way may be stopped up under this article until a temporary alternative route for the passage of such traffic as could have used the public right of way has been provided and subsequently maintained by the undertaker until a permanent alternative has been provided and open to public use, which temporary alternative route must be provided to the reasonable satisfaction of the local highway authority, between the points specified in column (4) of Part 2 of schedule 6.

(3) No later than 3 months from the completion of the authorised development, the undertaker must provide a permanent alternative route for any route stopped up under this article, which permanent alternative route must be provided between the points specified in column (4) of Part 2 of schedule 6 to the reasonable satisfaction of the local highway authority.

Temporary restriction of use of streets

15.—(1) The undertaker, during and for the purposes of carrying out the authorised development, may temporarily close, alter or divert any street and may for any reasonable time—

(a) divert the traffic or a class of traffic from the street; and

(b) subject to paragraph (3), prevent all persons from passing along the street.

(2) Without limiting paragraph (1), the undertaker may use any street temporarily closed under the powers conferred by this article within the Order limits as a temporary working site.

(3) The undertaker must provide reasonable access for pedestrians going to or from premises abutting a street affected by the temporary closure, alteration or diversion of a street under this article if there would otherwise be no such access.

(4) Without limiting paragraph (1), the undertaker may temporarily close, alter or divert the streets set out in column (2) of Schedule 5 (streets to be temporarily closed or restricted) to the extent specified, by reference to the letters and numbers shown on the access and rights of way plans, in column (3) of that Schedule.

(5) The undertaker must not temporarily stop up, alter, divert or use as a temporary working site, any street other than those referred to in Schedules 5 (streets to be temporarily stopped up or restricted); and 6 (public rights of way to be temporarily restricted) without the consent of the street authority, which may attach reasonable conditions to the consent but such consent is not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

(6) Any person who suffers loss by the suspension of any private right of way under this article is entitled to compensation to be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(7) If a street authority which receives an application for consent under paragraph (5) fails to notify the undertaker of its decision before the end of the period of 42 days beginning with the date on which the application was received by that street authority, it is deemed to have granted consent.

Access to works

16.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the undertaker may, for the purposes of the authorised development, form and lay out means of access, or improve existing means of access, at such locations within the Order limits as the undertaker reasonably requires for the purposes of the authorised development.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), the power set out in paragraph (1) may not be exercised without the undertaker having first obtained the consent of the street authority which may attach reasonable conditions to any consent, but such consent is not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed, following consultation by the street authority with the relevant planning authority. If the street authority which has received an application for consent under this paragraph fails to notify the undertaker of its decision before the end of the 42 day period beginning with the date on which the application was received by that street authority, it is deemed to have granted consent.

(3) The consent of the street authority is not required for the formulation, laying out or improvement of a new or existing means of access as described in Part 1 of Schedule 1 (authorised development) and Schedule 4 (new means of access).

Agreements with street authorities

17.—(1) A street authority and the undertaker may enter into agreements with respect to—

(a) the construction of any new street including any structure carrying the street over or under any part of the authorised development;

(b) the strengthening, improvement, repair or reconstruction of any street under the powers conferred by this Order;

(c) any stopping up, alteration or diversion of a street authorised by this Order; or

(d) the carrying out in the street of any of the works referred to in article 10 (street works).

(2) Such an agreement may, without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (1)—

(a) make provision for the street authority to carry out any function under this Order which relates to the street in question;

(b) include an agreement between the undertaker and street authority specifying a reasonable time for completion of the works; and

(c) contain such terms as to payment and otherwise as the parties consider appropriate.

Use of private roads

18.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (2), (3) and (4), the undertaker may use any private road within the Order limits for the passage of persons or vehicles (with or without materials, plant and machinery) for the purposes of, or in connection with, the construction and maintenance of the authorised development.

(2) The undertaker must compensate the person liable for the repair of a road to which paragraph (1) applies for any loss or damage which that person may suffer by reason of the exercise of the power conferred by paragraph (1).

(3) Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (2), or as to the amount of such compensation, is to be determined under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(4) The undertaker may only use a private road under paragraph (1) for such time as the power to take temporary possession of the land upon which it is located under either article 34 (temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development) and article 35 (temporary use of land for maintaining the authorised development) is capable of being exercised under those articles in relation to that land.

Traffic regulation

19.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, and the consent of the traffic authority in whose area the road concerned is situated, which may attach reasonable conditions to any consent but which consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, the undertaker may at any time, for the purposes of, or in connection with, the construction of the authorised development—

(a) revoke, amend or suspend in whole or in part any order made, or having effect as if made, under the 1984 Act;

(b) permit, prohibit or restrict the stopping, waiting, loading or unloading of vehicles on any road;

(c) authorise the use as a parking place of any road;

(d) make provision as to the direction or priority of vehicular traffic on any road; and

(e) permit or prohibit vehicular access to any road,

either at all times or at times, on days or during such periods as may be specified by the undertaker.

(2) The undertaker must consult the chief officer of police and the traffic authority in whose area the road is situated before complying with the provisions of paragraph (3).

(3) The undertaker must not exercise the powers conferred by paragraph (1) unless it has—

(a) given not less than 42 days’ notice in writing of its intention so to do to the chief officer of police and to the traffic authority in whose area the road is situated; and

(b) advertised its intention in such manner as the traffic authority may specify in writing within 7 days of its receipt of notice of the undertaker’s intention as provided for in sub-paragraph (a).

(4) Any prohibition, restriction or other provision made by the undertaker under paragraph (1)—

(a) has effect as if duly made by, as the case may be—

(i) the traffic authority in whose area the road is situated, as a traffic regulation order under the 1984 Act; or

(ii) the local authority in whose area the road is situated, as an order under section 32 (power of local authorities to provide parking spaces) of the 1984 Act,

and the instrument by which it is effected may specify savings and exemptions to which the prohibition, restriction or other provision is subject; and

(b) is deemed to be a traffic order for the purposes of Schedule 7 (road traffic contraventions subject to civil enforcement) to the Traffic Management Act 2004(22).

(5) Any prohibition, restriction or other provision made under this article may be suspended, varied or revoked by the undertaker from time to time by subsequent exercise of the powers of paragraph (1) within a period of 24 months from the commencement of operation of the authorised development.

(6) Before exercising the powers conferred by paragraph (1), the undertaker must consult such persons as it considers necessary and appropriate and must take into consideration any representations made to it by any such person.

(7) Expressions used in this article and in the 1984 Act have the same meaning in this article as in that Act.

(8) If the traffic authority fails to notify the undertaker of its decision within 42 days of receiving an application for consent under paragraph (1) the traffic authority is deemed to have granted consent.

(9) The power conferred by paragraph (1) may be exercised at any time prior to the expiry of 12 months from the commencement of operation of the authorised development but subject to paragraph (5) any prohibition, restriction or other provision made under paragraph (1) may have effect both before and after the expiry of that period.

PART 4 Supplemental powers

Discharge of water

20.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4) the undertaker may use any watercourse or any public sewer or drain for the drainage of water in connection with the carrying out or maintenance of the authorised development and for that purpose may inspect, lay down, take up and alter pipes and may, on any land within the Order limits, make openings into, and connections with, the watercourse, public sewer or drain.

(2) Any dispute arising from the making of connections to or the use of a public sewer or by the undertaker pursuant to paragraph (1) is determined as if it were a dispute under section 106 (right to communicate with public sewers) of the Water Industry Act 1991(23).

(3) The undertaker must not discharge any water into any watercourse, public sewer or drain except with the consent of the person to whom it belongs; and such consent may be given subject to such terms and conditions as that person may reasonably impose, but must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

(4) The undertaker must not carry out any works to any public sewer or drain pursuant to paragraph (1) except—

(a) in accordance with plans approved by the person to whom the sewer or drain belongs, but such approval must not be unreasonably withheld; and

(b) where that person has been given the opportunity to supervise the making of the opening.

(5) The undertaker must not, in carrying out or maintaining works pursuant to this article, damage or interfere with the bed or banks of, or construct any works within any watercourse forming part of a main river, or within 16 metres of a tidally influenced main river without the prior written consent of the Environment Agency or Natural Resources Wales as appropriate.

(6) The undertaker must, unless otherwise authorised under the provisions of this Order or any environmental permit relating to the discharge of water in connection with the authorised development, take such steps as are reasonably practicable to secure that any water discharged into a watercourse or public sewer or drain pursuant to this article is as free as may be practicable from gravel, soil or other solid substance, oil or matter in suspension.

(7) This article does not authorise the entry into controlled waters of any matter whose entry or discharge into controlled waters is prohibited by regulation 12 (requirement for environmental permit) of the 2016 Regulations.

(8) In this article—

(a) “public sewer or drain” means a sewer or drain which belongs to a sewerage undertaker, the Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales, an internal drainage board or a local authority; and

(b) other expressions, excluding watercourse, used both in this article and in the 2016 Regulations have the same meaning as in those Regulations.

(9) If a person who receives an application for consent or approval fails to notify the undertaker of a decision within 42 days of receiving an application for consent under paragraph (3) or approval under paragraph (4)(a) that person is deemed to have granted consent or given approval, as the case may be.

Maintenance of drainage works

21.—(1) Nothing in this Order, or the construction, maintenance or operation of the authorised development under it, affects any responsibility for the maintenance of any works connected with the drainage of land, whether that responsibility is imposed or allocated by or under any enactment, or otherwise, unless otherwise agreed in writing between the undertaker and the person responsible.

(2) In this article “drainage” has the same meaning as in section 72 (interpretation) of the Land Drainage Act 1991(24).

Authority to survey and investigate the land

22.—(1) The undertaker may for the purposes of this Order enter on any land shown within the Order limits or which may be affected by the authorised development and—

(a) survey or investigate the land;

(b) without prejudice to the generality of sub-paragraph (a), make trial holes or pits in such positions on the land as the undertaker thinks fit to investigate the nature of the surface layer and subsoil and remove soil samples;

(c) without prejudice to the generality of sub-paragraph (a), carry out environmental, utility or archaeological investigations on such land; and

(d) place on, leave on and remove from the land apparatus for use in connection with the survey and investigation of land and making of trial holes.

(2) The power conferred by sub-paragraph (1)(c) includes without prejudice to the generality of that sub-paragraph the power to take, and process, samples of or from any of the following found on, in or over the land—

(a) water;

(b) air;

(c) soil or rock;

(d) its flora;

(e) bodily excretions, or dead bodies, of non-human creatures; or

(f) any non-living thing present as a result of human action.

(3) No land may be entered or equipment placed or left on or removed from the land under paragraph (1) unless at least 14 days’ notice has been served on every owner and occupier of the land.

(4) Any person entering land under this article on behalf of the undertaker—

(a) must, if so required before or after entering the land, produce written evidence of their authority to do so; and

(b) may take with them such vehicles and equipment as are necessary to carry out the survey or investigation or to make the trial holes or pits.

(5) No trial holes or pits are to be made under this article—

(a) in land located within the highway boundary without the consent of the highway authority; or

(b) in a private street without the consent of the street authority,

which authority may attach reasonable conditions to any consent, but such consent must not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

(6) As soon as reasonably practicable following the completion of any activities carried out under paragraph (1), the undertaker must remove any apparatus and restore the land to the reasonable satisfaction of the owners of the land.

(7) The undertaker must compensate the owners and occupiers of the land for any loss or damage arising by reason of the exercise of the authority conferred by this article, such compensation to be determined, as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of question of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(8) If either a highway authority or a street authority which receives an application for consent under paragraph (5) fails to notify the undertaker of its decision within 42 days of receiving the application for consent, that authority is deemed to have granted consent.

(9) Section 13 (refusal to give possession to acquiring authority) of the 1965 Act applies to the temporary use of land pursuant to this article to the same extent as it applies to the compulsory acquisition of land under this Order by virtue of section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act.

Protective work to buildings

23.—(1) Subject to the following provisions of this article, the undertaker may at its own expense carry out such protective works to any building lying within the Order limits as the undertaker considers necessary or expedient.

(2) Protective works may be carried out—

(a) at any time before or during the carrying out in the vicinity of the building of any part of the authorised development; or

(b) after the completion of that part of the authorised development in the vicinity of the building at any time up to the end of the period of 5 years beginning with the day on which that part of the authorised development first becomes operational.

(3) For the purpose of determining how the powers under this article are to be exercised, the undertaker may enter and survey any building falling within paragraph (1) and any land within its curtilage, and place on, leave on and remove from the building any apparatus and equipment for use in connected with the survey.

(4) For the purpose of carrying out protective works to a building under this article, the undertaker may (subject to paragraphs (5) and (6))—

(a) enter the building and any land within its curtilage; and

(b) where the works cannot be carried out reasonably conveniently without entering land that is adjacent to the building but outside its curtilage, enter the adjacent land (but not any building erected on it).

(5) Before exercising—

(a) a power under paragraph (1) to carry out protective works to a building;

(b) a power under paragraph (3) to enter a building and land within its curtilage;

(c) a power under sub-paragraph (4)(a) to enter a building and land within its curtilage; or

(d) a power under sub-paragraph (4)(b) to enter land,

the undertaker must, except in the case of emergency, serve on the owners and occupiers of the building or land not less than 14 days’ notice of its intention to exercise the power and, in a case falling within sub-paragraph (a), (c) or (d), specifying the protective works proposed to be carried out.

(6) Where a notice is served under paragraph (5)(a), (c) or (d), the owner or occupier of the building or land concerned may, by serving a counter-notice within the period of 10 days beginning with the day on which the notice was served, require the question of whether it is necessary or expedient to carry out the protective works or to enter the building or land to be referred to arbitration under article 47 (arbitration).

(7) The undertaker must compensate the owners and occupiers of any building or land in relation to which powers under this article have been exercised for any loss or damage arising to them by reason of the exercise of the powers.

(8) Where—

(a) protective works are carried out under this article to a building; and

(b) within the period of 5 years beginning with the day on which the part of the authorised development carried out in the vicinity of the building first becomes operational it appears that the protective works are inadequate to protect the building against damage caused by the carrying out or use of that part of the authorised development,

the undertaker must compensate the owners and occupiers of the building for any loss or damage sustained by them.

(9) Nothing in this article relieves the undertaker from any liability to pay compensation under section 152 (compensation in case where no right to claim in nuisance) of the 2008 Act.

(10) Any compensation payable under paragraph (7) or (8) must be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(11) Section 1 (refusal to give possession to acquiring authority) of the 1965 Act applies to the entry onto, or possession of land under this article to the same extent as it applies in respect of the compulsory acquisition of land under this Order by virtue of section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act.

(12) In this article “protective works”, in relation to a building, means—

(a) underpinning, strengthening and any other works the purpose of which is to prevent damage that may be caused to the building by the carrying out, maintenance or use of the authorised development; and

(b) any works the purpose of which is to remedy any damage that has been caused to the building by the carrying out, maintenance or use of the authorised development.

PART 5 Powers of Acquisition

Compulsory acquisition of land

24.—(1) The undertaker may acquire compulsorily so much of the Order land as is required to carry out or to facilitate, or is incidental to, the authorised development.

(2) This article is subject to article 25 (time limit for exercise of authority to acquire land compulsorily), article 26(2) (compulsory acquisition of rights and restrictive covenants) and article 34(8) (temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development).

Time limit for exercise of authority to acquire land compulsorily

25.—(1) After the end of the period of 5 years beginning on the day on which this Order is made—

(a) no notice to treat is to be served under Part 1 (compulsory purchase under Acquisition of Land Act 1946) of the 1965 Act; and

(b) no declaration is to be executed under section 4 (execution of declaration) of the 1981 Act(25) as applied by article 30 (application of the 1981 Act).

(2) The authority conferred by article 34 (temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development) ceases at the end of the period referred to in paragraph (1), except that nothing in this paragraph prevents the undertaker remaining in possession of land after the end of that period, if the land was entered and possession was taken before the end of that period.

Compulsory acquisition of rights and restrictive covenants

26.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the undertaker may acquire such rights over the Order land or impose restrictive covenants affecting the land as may be required for any purpose for which that land may be acquired under article 24 (compulsory acquisition of land), by creating them as well as acquiring rights already in existence.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this article, articles 29 (private rights) and 36 (statutory undertakers) in the case of the Order land specified in column (1) of Schedule 8 (land in which only new rights etc., may be acquired) the undertaker’s powers of compulsory acquisition are limited to the acquisition of new rights in the land or the imposition of restrictive covenants under paragraph (1) as may be required for the purpose specified in relation to that land in column (2) of that Schedule.

(3) Subject to section 8 (other provisions as to divided land) of the 1965 Act, and Schedule 2A (counter-notice requiring purchase of land not in notice to treat) to the 1965 Act (as substituted by paragraph 4(8) of Schedule 9 (modification of compensation and compulsory purchase enactments for creation of new rights) to the 1965 Act), where the undertaker acquires a right over land or the benefit of a restrictive covenant, the undertaker is not required to acquire a greater interest in that land.

(4) Schedule 9 (modification of compensation and compulsory purchase enactments for creation of new rights) has effect for the purpose of modifying the enactments relating to compensation and the provisions of the 1965 Act in their application in relation to the compulsory acquisition under this article of a right over land by the creation of a new right or the imposition of a restrictive covenant.

(5) In any case where the acquisition of new rights or the imposition of restrictive covenants under paragraph (1) is required for the purpose of diverting, replacing or protecting apparatus of a statutory undertaker, the undertaker may, with the consent of the Secretary of State, transfer the power to acquire such rights to the statutory undertaker in question.

(6) The exercise by a statutory undertaker of any power in accordance with a transfer under paragraph (5) is subject to the same restrictions, liabilities and obligations as would apply under this Order if that power were exercised by the undertaker.

Statutory authority to override easements and other rights

27.—(1) The carrying out or use of the authorised development and the doing of anything else authorised by this Order is authorised for the purpose specified in section 158(2) of the 2008 Act (nuisance: statutory authority), despite it involving—

(a) an interference with an interest or right to which this article applies; or

(b) a breach of a restriction as to use of land arising by virtue of contract.

(2) The undertaker must pay compensation to any person whose land is injuriously affected by—

(a) an interference with an interest or right to which this article applies; or

(b) a breach of a restriction as to use of land arising by virtue of contract, caused by the carrying out or use of the authorised development and the operation of section 158 of the 2008 Act.

(3) The interests and rights to which this article applies are any easement, liberty, privilege, right or advantage annexed to land and adversely affecting other land, including any natural right to support.

(4) Subsection (2) of section 10 of the 1965 Act (further provision as to compensation for injurious affection) applies to paragraph (2) by virtue of section 152(5) of the 2008 Act (compensation in case where no right to claim in nuisance).

(5) Any rule or principle applied to the construction of section 10 of the 1965 Act must be applied to the construction of paragraph (2) with any necessary modifications.

Compulsory acquisition of land: minerals

28.  Parts 2 and 3 of Schedule 2 (minerals) to the Acquisition of Land Act 1981(26) are incorporated in this Order, subject to the following modifications—

(a) paragraph 8(3) is not incorporated;

(b) for “acquiring authority” substitute “undertaker”;

(c) for “undertaking” substitute “authorised development”; and

(d) for “compulsory purchase order” substitute “this Order”.

Private rights

29.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, all private rights or restrictive covenants over land subject to compulsory acquisition under article 24 (compulsory acquisition of land) cease to have effect in so far as their continuance would be inconsistent with the exercise of the powers under article 24—

(a) as from the date of acquisition of the land by the undertaker, whether compulsorily or by agreement; or

(b) on the date of entry on the land by the undertaker under section 11(1) (power of entry) of the 1965 Act(27)

whichever is the earlier.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this article, all private rights or restrictive covenants over land subject to the compulsory acquisition of rights or the imposition of restrictive covenants under article 26 (compulsory acquisition of rights and restrictive covenants) cease to have effect in so far as their continuance would be inconsistent with the exercise of the right or compliance with the restrictive covenant—

(a) as from the date of the acquisition of the right or the imposition of the restrictive covenant by the undertaker (whether the right is acquired compulsorily, by agreement or through the grant of lease of the land by agreement); or

(b) on the date of entry on the land by the undertaker under section 11(1) of the 1965 Act in pursuance of the right,

whichever is the earlier.

(3) Subject to the provisions of this article, all private rights or restrictive covenants over land of which the undertaker takes temporary possession under this Order are suspended and unenforceable, in so far as their continuance would be inconsistent with the purpose for which temporary possession is taken, for as long as the undertaker remains in lawful possession of the land.

(4) Any person who suffers loss by the extinguishment or suspension of any private right or restrictive covenant under this article is entitled to compensation in accordance with the terms of section 152 (compensation in case where no right to claim in nuisance) of the 2008 Act to be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(5) This article does not apply in relation to any right to which section 138 (extinguishment of rights, and removal of apparatus, of statutory undertakers etc.) of the 2008 Act or article 36 (statutory undertakers) applies.

(6) Paragraphs (1) to (3) have effect subject to—

(a) any notice given by the undertaker before—

(i) the completion of the acquisition of the land or the acquisition of rights or the imposition of restrictive covenants over or affecting the land;

(ii) the undertaker’s appropriation of the land;

(iii) the undertaker’s entry onto the land; or

(iv) the undertaker taking temporary possession of the land,

that any or all of those paragraphs do not apply to any right specified in the notice; or

(b) any agreement made at any time between the undertaker and the person in or to whom the right in question is vested or belongs.

(7) If an agreement referred to in sub-paragraph (6)(b)—

(a) is made with a person in or to whom the right is vested or belongs; and

(b) is expressed to have effect also for the benefit of those deriving title from or under that person,

the agreement is effective in respect of the persons so deriving title, whether the title was derived before or after the making of the agreement.

(8) Reference in this article to private rights over land includes reference to any trusts or incidents to which the land is subject.

Application of the 1981 Act

30.—(1) The 1981 Act applies as if this Order were a compulsory purchase order.

(2) The 1981 Act, as applied, has effect with the following modifications.

(3) In section 1 (application of Act) for subsection (2) substitute—

“(2) This section applies to any Minister, any local or other public authority or any other body or person authorised to acquire land by means of a compulsory purchase order.”

(4) Omit section 5(28) (earliest date for execution of declaration).

(5) Omit section 5A (time limit for general vesting declaration).

(6) In section 5B(1) (extension of time limit during challenge)—

(a) for “section 23 of the Acquisition of Land Act 1981 (application to High Court in respect of compulsory purchase order)” substitute “section 118 of the Planning Act 2008 (legal challenges relating to applications for orders granting development consent)”; and

(b) for “the three year period mentioned in section 5A” substitute “the five year period mentioned in article 25 (time limit for exercise of authority to acquire land compulsorily) of the HyNet Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Order 2024”.

(7) In section 6 (notices after execution of declaration) in subsection (1)(b) for “section 15 of, or paragraph 6 of Schedule 1 to, the Acquisition of Land Act 1981” substitute “section 134 of the Planning Act 2008”.

(8) In section 7 (constructive notice to treat) in subsection (1)(a) omit “(as modified by section 4 of the Acquisition of Land Act 1981)”.

(9) In Schedule A1 (counter-notice requiring purchase of land not in general vesting declaration), for paragraph 1(2) substitute—

“(1) But see article 31(4) (acquisition of subsoil or airspace only) of the HyNet Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Order 2024, which excludes the acquisition of subsoil or airspace only from this Schedule.”

(10) References to the 1965 Act in the 1981 Act are to be constructed as references to the 1965 Act as applied by section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act and as modified by article 32 (modification of Part 1 of the 1965 Act) to the compulsory acquisition of the land under this Order.

Acquisition of subsoil or airspace only

31.—(1) The undertaker may acquire compulsorily so much of, or such rights in, the subsoil or airspace of the land referred to in paragraph (1) of article 24 (compulsory acquisition of land) and paragraph (1) of article 26 (compulsory acquisition of rights and restrictive covenants) as may be required for any purpose for which that land may be acquired under that provision instead of acquiring the whole of the land.

(2) Where the undertaker acquires any part of, or rights in the subsoil or airspace of land under paragraph (1), the undertaker is not to be required to acquire an interest in any other part of the land.

(3) Paragraph (2) does not prevent Schedule 2A (counter-notice requiring purchase of land not in notice to treat) to the 1965 Act (as modified by article 32 or paragraph 4(8) of Schedule 9 as the case may be) from applying where the undertaker acquires any part of, or rights in a cellar, vault, arch or other construction forming part of a house, building or manufactory.

(4) The following do not apply in connection with the exercise of the power under paragraph (1) in relation to subsoil or airspace only—

(a) Schedule 2A to the 1965 Act (as modified by article 32 (modification of Part 1 of the 1965 Act);

(b) Schedule A1 (counter-notice requiring purchase of land not in general vesting declaration) to the 1981 Act; and

(c) section 153(4A) (blighted land: proposed acquisition of part interest; material detriment test) of the 1990 Act.

Modification of Part 1 of the 1965 Act

32.—(1) Part 1 (compulsory purchase under Acquisition of Land Act of 1946) of the 1965 Act, as applied to this Order by section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act, is modified as follows.

(2) In section 4A(1) (extension of time limit during challenge) for “section 23 (application to High Court in respect of compulsory purchase order) of the Acquisition of Land Act 1981, the three year period mentioned in section 4” substitute “section 118 (legal challenges relating to applications for orders granting development consent) of the 2008 Act, the 5 year period mentioned in article 25 (time limit for exercise of authority to acquire land compulsorily) of the HyNet Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Order 2024”.

(3) In section 11A (powers of entry: further notice of entry)—

(a) in subsection (1)(a), after “land” insert “under that provision”; and

(b) in subsection (2), after “land” insert “under that provision”.

(4) In section 22(2) (interests omitted from purchase), for “section 4 of this Act” substitute “article 25 (time limit for exercise of authority to acquire land compulsorily) of the HyNet Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Order 2024”.

(5) In Schedule 2A (counter-notice requiring purchase of land not in notice to treat)—

(a) for paragraphs 1(2) and 14(2) substitute—

“(2) But see article 31(3) (acquisition of subsoil or airspace only) of the HyNet Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Order 2024 which excludes the acquisition of subsoil or airspace only from this Schedule”; and

(b) at the end insert—

“Part 4 INTERPRETATION

30.   In this Schedule, references to entering on and taking possession of land do not include doing so under article 23 (protective work to buildings), article 34 (temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development) or article 35 (temporary use of land for maintaining the authorised development) of the HyNet Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Order 2024”.

Rights under or over streets

33.—(1) The undertaker may enter on and appropriate so much of the subsoil of or air-space over any street within the Order limits as may be required for the purposes of the authorised development and may use the subsoil or air-space for those purposes or any other purpose ancillary to the authorised development.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), the undertaker may exercise any power conferred by paragraph (1) in relation to a street without being required to acquire any part of the street or any easement or right in the street.

(3) Paragraph (2) does not apply in relation to

(a) any subway or underground building; or

(b) any cellar, vault, arch or other construction in, on or under a street which forms part of a building fronting onto the street.

(4) Subject to paragraph (5), any person who is an owner or occupier of land appropriated under paragraph (1) without the undertaker acquiring any part of that person’s interest in the land, and who suffers loss as a result, is entitled to compensation to be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(5) Compensation is not payable under paragraph (4) to any person who is an undertaker to whom section 85 (sharing of cost of necessary measures) of the 1991 Act applies in respect of measures of which the allowable costs are to be borne in accordance with that section.

Temporary use of land for carrying out the authorised development

34.—(1) The undertaker may, in connection with the carrying out of the authorised development, but subject to article 25 (time limit for exercise of authority to acquire land compulsorily)—

(a) enter on and take temporary possession of—

(i) the land specified in columns (1) and (2) of Part 1 of Schedule 7 (land of which only temporary possession may be taken) for the purpose specified in relation to that land in column (3) of that Schedule relating to the part of the authorised development specified in column (4) of that Schedule;

(ii) the land specified in columns (1) and (2) of Part 2 Schedule 7 (land of which only temporary possession for access may be taken) for the purposes of taking access to and from the authorised development only; and

(iii) any other Order land in respect of which no notice of entry has been served under section 11 (powers of entry) of the 1965 Act (other than in connection with the acquisition of rights only) and no declaration has been made under section 4 (execution of declaration) of the 1981 Act;

(b) remove any buildings, agricultural plant and apparatus, drainage, fences, debris and vegetation from that land;

(c) construct temporary works (including the provision of means of access), structures and buildings on that land;

(d) use the land for the purposes of a working site with access to the working site in connection with the authorised development;

(e) construct any permanent works specified in relation to that land in column (4) of Part 1 of Schedule 7 (land of which only temporary possession may be taken), or any other mitigation works in connection with the authorised development;

(f) construct any works, or use the land, as specified in relation to that land in column 3 of Parts 1 and 2 of Schedule 7, or any mitigation works;

(g) construct such works on that land referred to in sub-paragraph (a) as are mentioned in Part 1 of Schedule 1 (authorised development); and

(h) carry out mitigation works required pursuant to the requirements in Schedule 2.

(2) Not less than 3 months before entering on and taking temporary possession of land under this article the undertaker must serve notice of the intended entry on the owners and occupiers of the land and explain the purpose for which entry is taken in respect of land specified under paragraph (1)(a)(iii).

(3) The undertaker must not, remain in possession of the land under this article for longer than is reasonably necessary and in any event, without the agreement of the owners of the land, remain in possession of any land under this article—

(a) in the case of land specified in paragraph (1)(a)(i) and (ii), after the end of the period of one year beginning with the date of completion of the part of the authorised development specified in relation to that land in column (4) of Parts 1 and 2 of Schedule 7 (land of which only temporary possession may be taken); or

(b) in the case of any land referred to in paragraph (1)(a)(iii), after the end of the period of one year beginning with the date of completion of the work for which temporary possession of the land was taken unless the undertaker has, by the end of that period, served a notice of entry under section 11 of the 1965 Act or made a declaration under section 4 of the 1981 Act in relation to that land.

(4) Unless the undertaker has served notice of entry under section 11 of the 1965 Act or made a declaration under section 4 of the 1981 Act or otherwise acquired the land or rights over land subject to temporary possession, before giving up possession of land of which temporary possession has been taken under this article, the undertaker must remove all temporary works and restore the land to the reasonable satisfaction of the owners of the land; but the undertaker is not required to—

(a) replace a building, or structure removed under this article;

(b) remove any drainage works installed by the undertaker under this article;

(c) remove any new road surface or other improvements carried out under this article to any street specified in Schedule 3 (streets subject to streets works)

(d) restore the land on which any permanent works (including ground strengthening works) have been constructed under paragraph (1); or

(e) remove any measures installed over or around statutory undertakers’ apparatus to protect that apparatus from the authorised development.

(5) The undertaker must pay compensation to the owners and occupiers of land of which temporary possession is taken under this article for any loss or damage arising from the exercise in relation to the land of the powers conferred by this article.

(6) Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (5), or as to the amount of the compensation, is to be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(7) Nothing in this article affects any liability to pay compensation under section 152 (compensation in case where no right to claim in nuisance) of the 2008 Act or under any other enactment in respect of loss or damage arising from the carrying out of the authorised development, other than loss or damage for which compensation is payable under paragraph (5).

(8) The undertaker may not compulsorily acquire under this Order the land referred to in paragraph (1)(a)(i) and (ii) except that the undertaker is not to be precluded from acquiring new rights over any part of that land under article 26 (compulsory acquisition of rights and restrictive covenants).

(9) Where the undertaker takes possession of land under this article, the undertaker is not required to acquire the land or any interest in it.

(10) Section 13(29) (refusal to give possession to acquiring authority) of the 1965 Act applies to the temporary use of land under this article to the same extent as it applies to the compulsory acquisition of land under this Order by virtue of section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act.

(11) Paragraph (1) does not authorise the undertaker to take temporary possession of any land which the undertaker is not authorised to acquire under article 24 (compulsory acquisition of land) or article 26 (compulsory acquisition of rights and restrictive covenants).

Temporary use of land for maintaining the authorised development

35.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), at any time during the maintenance period relating to any part of the authorised development, the undertaker may—

(a) enter on and take temporary possession of any land within the Order land if such possession is reasonably required for the purpose of maintaining the authorised development; and

(b) construct such temporary works (including the provision of means of access) and buildings on the land as may be reasonably necessary for that purpose.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not authorise the undertaker to take temporary possession of—

(a) any house or garden belonging to a house; or

(b) any building (other than a house) if it is for the time being occupied.

(3) Not less than 28 days before entering on and taking temporary possession of land under this article the undertaker must serve notice of the intended entry on the owners and occupiers of the land.

(4) The undertaker may only remain in possession of land under this article for so long as may be reasonably necessary to carry out the maintenance of the part of the authorised development for which possession of the land was taken.

(5) Before giving up possession of land of which temporary possession has been taken under this article, the undertaker must remove all temporary works and restore the land to the reasonable satisfaction of the owners of the land.

(6) The undertaker must pay compensation to the owners and occupiers of land of which temporary possession is taken under this article for any loss or damage arising from the exercise in relation to the land of the provisions of this article.

(7) Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (6), or as to the amount of the compensation, must be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(8) Nothing in this article affects any liability to pay compensation under section 152 (compensation in case where no right to claim in nuisance) of the 2008 Act or under any other enactment in respect of loss or damage arising from the maintenance of the authorised development, other than loss or damage for which compensation is payable under paragraph (6).

(9) Where the undertaker takes possession of land under this article, the undertaker is not required to acquire the land or any interest in it.

(10) Section 13 (refusal to give possession to acquiring authority) of the 1965 Act applies to the temporary use of land pursuant to this article to the same extent as it applies to the compulsory acquisition of land under this Order by virtue of section 125 (application of compulsory acquisition provisions) of the 2008 Act.

(11) In this article “the maintenance period” means—

(a) the period referred to in requirement 12(4) in relation to the maintenance of landscaping;

(b) in relation to any other part of the authorised development, means the period of 5 years beginning on which that part of the authorised development is brought into operational use.

(12) The undertaker is not required to serve notice under paragraph (3) where the undertaker has identified a potential risk to the safety of—

(a) the authorised development or any of its parts;

(b) the public; or

(c) the surrounding environment,

and in such circumstances, the undertaker may enter the land under paragraph (1) subject to giving such period of notice as is reasonably practicable in the circumstances.

Statutory undertakers

36.—(1) Subject to the provisions of article 42 (protective provisions) and Schedule 10 (protective provisions), the undertaker may acquire compulsorily, or acquire new rights or impose restrictive covenants over, the land belonging to statutory undertakers shown on the land plans within the Order land and described in the book of reference.

(2) Subject to the provisions of article 42 (protective provisions) and Schedule 10 (protective provisions), the undertaker may extinguish the rights of, remove, relocate the rights of or reposition the apparatus belonging to statutory undertakers over or within the Order land.

Recovery of costs of new connections

37.—(1) Where any apparatus of a public utility undertaker or of a public communications provider is removed under article 36 (statutory undertakers) any person who is the owner or occupier of premises to which a supply was given from that apparatus is entitled to recover from the undertaker compensation in respect of expenditure reasonably incurred by that person, in consequence of the removal, for the purpose of effecting a connection between the premises and any other apparatus from which a supply is given.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply in the case of the removal of a public sewer but where such a sewer is removed under article 36 (statutory undertakers), any person who is—

(a) the owner or occupier of premises the drains of which communicated with that sewer; or

(b) the owner of a private sewer which communicated with that sewer,

is entitled to recover from the undertaker compensation in respect of expenditure reasonably incurred by that person, in consequence of the removal, for the purpose of making the drain or sewer belonging to that person communicate with any other public sewer or with a private sewerage disposal plant.

(3) This article does not have effect in relation to apparatus to which Part 3 (street works in England and Wales) of the 1991 Act applies.

(4) In this paragraph—

“public communications provider” has the same meaning as in section 151(1) of the 2003 Act(30); and

“public utility undertaker” means a gas, water, electricity or sewerage undertaker.

PART 6 Miscellaneous and general

Application of landlord and tenant law

38.—(1) This article applies to any agreement entered into by the undertaker under article 7 (benefit of the Order) so far as it relates to the terms on which any land is subject to a lease granted by or under that agreement.

(2) No enactment or rule of law regulating the rights and obligations of landlords and tenants prejudices the operation of any agreement to which this article applies.

(3) No enactment or rule of law to which paragraph (2) applies is to apply in relation to the rights and obligations of the parties to any lease granted by or under any such agreement so as to—

(a) exclude or in any respect modify any of the rights and obligations of those parties under the terms of the lease, whether with respect to the termination of the tenancy or any other matter;

(b) confer or impose on any such party any right or obligation arising out of or connected with anything done or omitted on or in relation to land which is the subject of the lease, in addition to any such right or obligation provided for by the terms of the lease; or

(c) restrict the enforcement (whether by action for damages or otherwise) by any party to the lease of any obligation of any other party under the lease.

Felling or lopping of trees and removal of hedgerows

39.—(1) Subject to paragraph (3) and article 40 (trees subject to tree preservation orders) the undertaker may fell, lop or prune any tree or shrub, or cut back its roots, within or overhanging land within the Order limits if it reasonably believes it to be necessary to do so to prevent the tree or shrub—

(a) from obstructing or interfering with the construction, maintenance or operation of the authorised development or any apparatus used in connection with the authorised development; or

(b) from constituting a danger to persons using the authorised development.

(2) In carrying out any activity authorised by paragraph (1), the undertaker must–

(a) do no unnecessary damage to any tree or shrub; and

(b) pay compensation to any person for any loss or damage arising from such activity.

(3) Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (2), or as to the amount of compensation, is to be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 (determination of questions of disputed compensation) of the 1961 Act.

(4) The undertaker may, for the purposes of carrying out the authorised development but subject to paragraph (2), remove any hedgerow within the Order limits including those specified in Schedule 11.

In this article “hedgerow” has the same meaning as in the Hedgerows Regulations 1997(31).

Trees subject to Tree Preservation Orders

40.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the undertaker may fell, lop or prune any part of any tree which is within, over or under land within the Order limits or cut back its roots, if it reasonably believes it to be necessary in order to prevent the tree—

(a) from obstructing or interfering with the construction, maintenance or operation of the authorised development or any apparatus used in connection with the authorised development; or

(b) from constituting a danger to persons using the authorised development.

(2) In carrying out any activity authorised by paragraph (1)—

(a) the undertaker must do no unnecessary damage to any tree or shrub and must pay compensation to any person for any damage arising from such activity; and

(b) the duty in section 206(1) of the 1990 Act (replacement of trees) must not apply.

(3) The authority given by paragraph (1) constitutes a deemed consent under the relevant tree preservation order.

(4) Any dispute as to a person’s entitlement to compensation under paragraph (2), or as to the amount of compensation, must be determined as if it were a dispute under Part 1 of the 1961 Act.

(5) In this article “tree preservation order” has the same meaning as in section 198 (power to make tree preservation orders) of the 1990 Act.

Crown rights

41.—(1) Nothing in this Order affects prejudicially any estate, right, power, privilege, authority or exemption of the Crown and in particular, nothing in this Order authorises the undertaker or any lessee or licensee to take, use, enter upon or in any manner interfere with any land or rights of any description (including any portion of the shore or bed of the sea or any river, channel, creek, bay or estuary)—

(a) belonging to His Majesty in right of the Crown and forming part of The Crown Estate without the consent in writing of the Crown Estate Commissioners;

(b) belonging to His Majesty in right of the Crown and not forming part of The Crown Estate without the consent in writing of the government department having the management of that land; or

(c) belonging to a government department or held in trust for His Majesty for the purposes of a government department without the consent in writing of that government department.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to the exercise of any right under this Order for the compulsory acquisition of an interest in any Crown land (as defined in the 2008 Act) which is for the time being held otherwise than by or on behalf of the Crown.

(3) A consent under paragraph (1) may be given unconditionally or subject to terms and conditions; and is deemed to have been given in writing where it is sent electronically.

Protective provisions

42.  Schedule 10 (protective provisions) has effect.

Operational land for the purposes of the 1990 Act

43.  Development consent granted by this Order is to be treated as specific planning permission for the purposes of section 264(3)(a) (cases in which land is to be treated as not being operational land) of the 1990 Act.

Certification of plans, etc.

44.—(1) The undertaker must, as soon as practicable after the making of this Order, submit to the Secretary of State copies of—

(a) the access and rights of way plans (consisting of a key plan and sheets 1 to 37 inclusive) (document number D.2.5)

(b) the land plans (consisting of a key plan and sheets 1 to 37 inclusive) (document number D.2.2);

(c) the crown land plans (consisting of a key plan and 8 sheets) (document number D.2.3);

(d) the special category land plans (consisting of a key plan and 10 sheets) (document number D.2.6);

(e) the works plans (consisting of a key plan and sheets 1 to 37 inclusive) (document number D.2.4);

(f) the general arrangement plans comprising the Block Valve Stations Planning Arrangement, (document number D 2.9); Block Valve Stations Elevations (document number D.2.8); Above Ground Installation Planning Arrangement (document number D.2.12), and Above Ground Installation Elevations (document number D.2.11);

(g) the book of reference (document number D.4.3);

(h) the environmental statement (consisting of 4 volumes) (document numbers D.6.1 to D.6.4.19.1);

(i) the outline construction environment management plan (document number D.6.5.2);

(j) the outline landscape and ecology mitigation plan (document number D.6.5.10) (Annex D.6.5.10.1 Environmental Report – Appendix A – Landscape and Ecological Mitigation Plan);

(k) the outline construction traffic management plan (document number D.6.5.3);

(l) the outline surface water drainage strategy report and appendices (document number D.6.5.13);

(m) the outline archaeological written scheme of investigation, (document number D.6.5.2);

(n) outline operational and maintenance environment management plan (document number D.7.15); and

any other plans or documents referred to in this Order as requiring certification, for certification that they are true copies of the documents referred to in this Order.

(2) A plan or document so certified is admissible in any proceedings as evidence of the contents of the document of which it is a copy.

Service of notices

45.—(1) A notice or other document required or authorised to be served for the purposes of this Order may be served—

(a) by post;

(b) by delivering it to the person on whom it is to be served or to whom it is to be given or supplied; or

(c) with the consent of the recipient and subject to paragraphs (5) to (8) by electronic transmission.

(2) Where the person on whom a notice or other document to be served for the purposes of this Order is a body corporate, the notice or document is duly served if it is served on the secretary or clerk of that body.

(3) For the purposes of section 7 (references to service by post) of the Interpretation Act 1978(32) as it applies for the purposes of this article, the proper address of any person in relation to the service on that person of a notice or document under paragraph (2) is, if that person has given an address for service, that address, and otherwise—

(a) in the case of the secretary or clerk of a body corporate, the registered or principal office of that body; and

(b) in any other case, the last known address of that person at the time of service.

(4) Where for the purposes of this Order a notice or other document is required or authorised to be served on a person as having any interest in, or as the occupier of, land and the name or address of that person cannot be ascertained after reasonable enquiry, the notice may be served by—

(a) addressing it to that person by name or by the description of “owner”, or as the case may be “occupier”, of the land (describing it); and

(b) either leaving it in the hands of a person who is or appears to be resident or employed on the land or leaving it conspicuously affixed to some building or object on or near the land.

(5) Where a notice or other document required to be served or sent for the purposes of this Order is served or sent by electronic transmission the requirement is to be taken to be fulfilled only where—

(a) the recipient of the notice or other document to be transmitted has given consent to the use of electronic transmission in writing or by electronic transmission;

(b) the notice or document is capable of being accessed by the recipient;

(c) the notice or document is legible in all material respects; and

(d) the notice or document is in a form sufficiently permanent to be used for subsequent reference.

(6) Where the recipient of a notice or other document served or sent by electronic transmission notifies the sender within 7 days of receipt that the recipient requires a paper copy of all or part of that notice or other document the sender must provide such a copy as soon as reasonably practicable.

(7) Any consent to the use of electronic communication given by a person may be revoked by that person in accordance with paragraph (8).

(8) Where a person is no longer willing to accept the use of electronic transmission for any of the purposes of this Order—

(a) that person must give notice in writing or by electronic transmission revoking any consent given by that person for that purpose; and

(b) such revocation is final and takes effect on a date specified by the person in the notice but that date must not be less than 7 days after the date on which the notice is given.

(9) This article does not exclude the employment of any method of service not expressly provided for by it.

(10) In this article “legible in all material respects” means that the information contained in the notice or document is available to that person to no lesser extent than it would be if served, given or supplied by means of a notice or document in printed form.

No double recovery

46.  Compensation is not payable in respect of the same matter both under this Order and under any other enactment, any contract or any rule of law, or under two or more different provisions of this Order.

Arbitration

47.—(1) Any difference under any provision of this Order, unless otherwise provided for, is be referred to and settled in arbitration in accordance with the rules at Schedule 12 (arbitration rules) of this Order, by a single arbitrator to be agreed upon by the parties, within 14 days of receipt of the notice of arbitration, or if the parties fail to agree within the time period stipulated, to be appointed on application of either party (after giving written notice to the other) by the Secretary of State.

(2) For the avoidance of doubt, any matter for which the consent or approval of the Secretary of State is required under any provision of this Order is not subject to arbitration.

Signed by authority of the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero

David Wagstaff

Deputy Director Energy Infrastructure Planning

Department for Energy Security and Net Zero

20th March 2024