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Subject to the approval of the competent authority, if the installation exports fossil fuel-derived CO2, for instance to an adjacent precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) installation, these exports shall not be included in the installation's emissions.
If waste gas scrubbing is carried out at the installation and the resulting emissions are not calculated as part of the installation's process emissions, they shall be calculated in accordance with Annex II.
Pulp and paper mill processes with the potential to emit CO2 emissions include:
power boilers, gas turbines, and other combustion devices producing steam or power for the mill,
recovery boilers and other devices burning spent pulping liquors,
incinerators,
lime kilns and calciners,
waste gas scrubbing,
fossil fuel-fired dryers (such as infrared dryers).
Wastewater treatment and landfills, including anaerobic wastewater treatment or sludge digestion operations and landfills used to dispose of mill wastes, are not listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC. Consequently their emissions fall outside the scope of Directive 2003/87/EC.
Emissions from combustion processes that take place at pulp and paper installations shall be monitored in accordance with Annex II.
Emissions are caused by the use of carbonates as make-up chemicals in pulp mills. Although losses of sodium and calcium from the recovery system and causticising area are usually made up using non-carbonate chemicals, small amounts of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which do result in CO2 emissions, are sometimes used. The carbon contained in these chemicals is usually of fossil origin, although in some cases (e.g. Na2CO3 purchased from soda-based semi-chem mills) it can be derived from biomass.
It is assumed that the carbon in these chemicals is emitted as CO2 from the lime kiln or recovery furnace. These emissions are determined by assuming that all of the carbon in CaCO3 and Na2CO3 used in the recovery and causticising areas is released to the atmosphere.
Calcium make-up is required because of losses from the causticising area, most of which are in the form of calcium carbonate.
CO2 emissions shall be calculated as follows:
CO2 emissions = Σ {(Activity data Carbonate * Emission factor)}
With:
Activity dataCarbonate are the amounts of CaCO3 and Na2CO3 consumed in the process.
Amounts [t] of CaCO3 and Na2CO3 consumed in the process as determined by the operator or his suppliers with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±2,5 %.
Amounts [t] of CaCO3 and Na2CO3 consumed in the process as determined by the operator or his suppliers with a maximum uncertainty of less than ±1,5 %.
Stoichiometric ratios [tCO2/tCaCO3] and [tCO2/tNa2CO3] for non-biomass carbonates as indicated in Table 1. Biomass carbonates are weighted with an emission factor of 0 [tCO2/t carbonate].
Stoichiometric emission factors
Carbonate type and origin | Emission factor[tCO2/t carbonate] |
---|---|
Pulp mill make-up CaCO3 | 0,44 |
Pulp mill make-up Na2CO3 | 0,415 |
These values shall be adjusted according to moisture and gangue content of the applied carbonate materials.
The measurement guidelines contained in Annex I shall be applied.
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