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Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1926 of 3 November 2016 on the approval of the battery-charging photovoltaic roof as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)
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In order to determine the CO2 emission reductions that can be attributed to a battery charging photovoltaic (PV) roof for use in an M1 vehicle, it is necessary to establish the following:
the testing conditions
the test equipment;
the determination of the peak power output;
the calculation of the CO2 savings;
the calculation of the statistical margin of the CO2 savings.
—
Carbon dioxide
—
Conversion factor (l/100 km) — (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] as defined in Table 3
—
Mean annual mileage [km/year] as defined in Table 4
—
Number of measurements of the solar PV roof peak power output, which is at least 5
—
Solar correction coefficient [-] as defined in Table 1
—
Yearly European mean solar irradiation [W/m2], which is 120 W/m2
—
Global irradiation at Standard Test Conditions (STC) [W/m2], which is 1 000 W/m2
—
Usage factor (shading effect), which is 0,51
—
Consumption of effective power [l/kWh] as defined in Table 2
—
CO2 correction coefficient due to the extra mass of the solar system [g CO2/km] as defined in Table 5
—
Extra mass due to the installation of the solar system [kg]
—
Alternator efficiency [%], which is 67 %
—
Solar system efficiency [%], which is 76 %
—
Lengthwise inclination of the solar panel [°]
Index (i) refers to measurement of the PV roof peak power output
The measured average peak power output of the PV roof is to be determined experimentally for each vehicle variant. Initial stabilisation of the tested device is to be done in accordance with the methodology specified in the international standard IEC 61215-2:2016(1). The measurements of the peak power output shall be performed at standard test conditions as defined in the international standard IEC/TS 61836:2007(2).
A dismantled complete PV roof is to be used. The four corner points of the panel are to touch the measurement plane.
The measurements of the peak power output shall be performed at least five times and the arithmetic mean ( ) has to be calculated.
The CO2 savings of the PV roof are to be calculated by Formula 1(3).
Where:
:
Yearly European mean solar irradiation [W/m2], which is 120 W/m2
:
Usage factor (shading effect) [-], which is 0,51
:
Efficiency of the photovoltaic system [%], which is 76 %
:
Global irradiation at Standard Test Conditions (STC) [W/m2], which is 1 000 W/m2
:
Solar correction coefficient [-] as defined in Table 1. Total available storage capacity of the battery system or the SCC value is to be supplied by the vehicle manufacturer.
Solar correction coefficient
a The total storage capacity includes a mean usable storage capacity of the starter battery of 10 Ah (12 V). All values refer to a mean annual solar radiation of 120 W/m2, a shading share of 0,49 and a mean vehicle driving time of 1 hour per day at 750 W electric power requirement. | |||||||
Total available storage capacity of (12 V) battery system/average PV roof peak power output [Ah/W]a | 0,10 | 0,20 | 0,30 | 0,40 | 0,50 | 0,60 | > 0,666 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solar correction coefficient (SCC) | 0,481 | 0,656 | 0,784 | 0,873 | 0,934 | 0,977 | 1 |
:
Consumption of effective power [l/kWh] as defined in Table 2
Consumption of effective power
Type of engine | Consumption of effective power (VPe)[l/kWh] |
---|---|
Petrol | 0,264 |
Petrol Turbo | 0,280 |
Diesel | 0,220 |
:
Efficiency of the alternator [%], which is 67 %;
:
Conversion factor (l/100km) — (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] as defined in Table 3
Fuel conversion factor
Type of fuel | Conversion factor (l/100 km) — (g CO2/km) (CF)[gCO2/l] |
---|---|
Petrol | 2 330 |
Diesel | 2 640 |
:
Mean annual mileage [km/year] as defined in Table 4
Mean annual mileage for M1 vehicles
Type of fuel | Mean annual mileage (M) [km/year] |
---|---|
Petrol | 12 700 |
Diesel | 17 000 |
:
Lengthwise inclination of the solar panel [°]. This value is to be supplied by the vehicle manufacturer
:
CO2 correction coefficient due to the extra mass of the solar roof and, where applicable, the additional battery and other appliances needed specifically for the conversion of the solar energy into electricity and its storage [g CO2/km] as defined in Table 5.
CO2 correction coefficient due to the extra mass
Type pf fuel | CO2 correction coefficient due to the extra mass (ΔCO2m)[g CO2/km] |
---|---|
Petrol | 0,0277 · Δm |
Diesel | 0,0383 · Δm |
In Table 5 Δm is the extra mass due to the installation of the photovoltaic system, composed by the PV roof and, where applicable, the additional battery and other appliances needed specifically for the conversion of the solar energy into electricity and its storage.
In particular, Δm is the positive difference between the mass of the photovoltaic system mass and the mass of a standard steel roof. The mass of a standard steel roof is assumed equal to 12 kg. In case the weight of the solar system is lower than 12 kg, no correction for the change in mass has to be made.
The standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of the peak power output is to be calculated by Formula 2.
Where:
:
Number of measurements of the peak power output, which is at least 5
The standard deviation of arithmetic mean of the PV roof peak power output leads to a statistical margin in the CO2 savings . This value is to be calculated in accordance with Formula 3.
It has to be demonstrated for each type, variant and version of a vehicle fitted with the battery charging PV roof that the minimum threshold of 1 gCO2/km is exceeded in a statistically significant way, as specified in Article 9(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011. As a consequence, Formula 4 is to be used.
Where:
:
Minimum threshold [g CO2/km], which is 1 g CO2/km
Where the CO2 emission savings, as a result of the calculation using Formula 4, are below the threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011, the second subparagraph of Article 11(2) of that Regulation shall apply.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 61215-2:2016 standard for ‘Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules — Design qualification and type approval’
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 61836-2007 standard for ‘Solar photovoltaic energy systems — Terms, definitions and symbols’
Technical Guidelines for the preparation of applications for the approval of innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and Regulation (EU) No 510/2011 https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/bbf05038-a907-4298-83ee-3d6cce3b4231/Technical%20Guidelines%20October%202015.pdf
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