Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the CouncilShow full title

[F1 ANNEX I U.K. ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MARKET FUELS TO BE USED FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH POSITIVE-IGNITION ENGINES

Textual Amendments

F1 Substituted by Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing Directive 93/12/EEC (Text with EEA relevance).

Type : Petrol

a [F2 Test methods shall be those specified in EN 228:2012. Member States may adopt the analytical method specified in replacement EN 228:2012 standard if it can be shown to give at least the same accuracy and at least the same level of precision as the analytical method it replaces.]
b The values quoted in the specification are ‘ true values ’ . In the establishment of their limit values, the terms of EN ISO 4259:2006 ‘ Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test ’ have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in EN ISO 4259:2006.
c Member States may decide to continue to permit the placing on the market of unleaded regular grade petrol with a minimum motor octane number (MON) of 81 and a minimum research octane number (RON) of 91.
d The summer period shall begin no later than 1 May and shall not end before 30 September. For Member States with low ambient summer temperatures the summer period shall begin no later than 1 June and shall not end before 31 August.
e In the case of Member States with low ambient summer temperatures and for which a derogation is in effect in accordance with Article 3(4) and (5), the maximum vapour pressure shall be 70 kPa. In the case of Member States for which a derogation is in effect in accordance with Article 3(4) and (5) for petrol containing ethanol, the maximum vapour pressure shall be 60 kPa plus the vapour pressure waiver specified in Annex III.
f [F2 Other mono-alcohols and ethers with a final boiling point no higher than that stated in EN 228:2012.]
Parameter a	Unit	Limits b
		Minimum	Maximum
Research octane number		95 c	—
Motor octane number		85	—
Vapour pressure, summer period d	kPa	—	60,0 e
Distillation:
percentage evaporated at 100 °C	% v/v	46,0	—
percentage evaporated at 150 °C	% v/v	75,0	—
Hydrocarbon analysis:
olefins	% v/v	—	18,0
aromatics	% v/v	—	35,0
benzene	% v/v	—	1,0
Oxygen content	% m/m		3,7
Oxygenates
Methanol	% v/v		3,0
Ethanol (stabilising agents may be necessary)	% v/v		10,0
Iso-propyl alcohol	% v/v	—	12,0
Tert-butyl alcohol	% v/v	—	15,0
Iso-butyl alcohol	% v/v	—	15,0
Ethers containing five or more carbon atoms per molecule	% v/v	—	22,0
Other oxygenates f	% v/v	—	15,0
Sulphur content	mg/kg	—	10,0
Lead content	g/l	—	0,005

Textual Amendments

F2 Substituted by Commission Directive 2014/77/EU of 10 June 2014 amending Annexes I and II of Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels (Text with EEA relevance).

ANNEX II U.K. ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MARKET FUELS TO BE USED FOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES

Type : Diesel

a [F2 Test methods shall be those specified in EN 590:2013. Member States may adopt the analytical method specified in replacement EN 590:2013 standard if it can be shown to give at least the same accuracy and at least the same level of precision as the analytical method it replaces.]
b The values quoted in the specification are ‘ true values ’ . In the establishment of their limit values, the terms of EN ISO 4259:2006 ‘ Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test ’ have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in EN ISO 4259:2006.
c FAME shall comply with EN 14214.
Parameter a	Unit	Limits b
		Minimum	Maximum
Cetane number		51,0	—
Density at 15 °C	kg/m c	—	845,0
Distillation:
95 % v/v recovered at:	°C	—	360,0
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	% m/m	—	8,0
Sulphur content	mg/kg	—	10,0
FAME content — EN 14078	% v/v	—	7,0 c

[F3 ANNEX III U.K.

Textual Amendments

F3 Substituted by Commission Directive 2011/63/EU of 1 June 2011 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels.

VAPOUR PRESSURE WAIVER PERMITTED FOR PETROL CONTAINING BIOETHANOL

a The values quoted in the specification are ‘ true values ’ . In the establishment of their limit values, the terms of EN ISO 4259:2006 ‘ Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test ’ have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account (R = reproducibility). The results of individual measurements shall be interpreted on the basis of the criteria described in EN ISO 4259:2006.
Bioethanol content (%v/v)	Vapour pressure waiver permitted (kPa) a
0	0
1	3,7
2	6,0
3	7,2
4	7,8
5	8,0
6	8,0
7	7,9
8	7,9
9	7,8
10	7,8

The permitted vapour pressure waiver for intermediate bioethanol content between the values listed shall be determined by a straight line interpolation between the bioethanol content immediately above and that immediately below the intermediate value.]

ANNEX IV U.K. RULES FOR CALCULATING LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS FROM BIOFUELS

A. Typical and default values for biofuels if produced with no net carbon emissions from land use change U.K.

a Not including animal oil produced from animal by-products classified as category 3 material in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 October 2002 laying down health rules concerning animal by-products not intended for human consumption b
b OJ L 273, 10.10.2002, p. 1 .
Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emission saving	Default greenhouse gas emission saving
Sugar beet ethanol	61 %	52 %
Wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified)	32 %	16 %
Wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant)	32 %	16 %
Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)	45 %	34 %
Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	53 %	47 %
Wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant)	69 %	69 %
Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	56 %	49 %
Sugar cane ethanol	71 %	71 %
The part from renewable sources of ethyl-Tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE)	Equal to that of the ethanol production Pathway used
The part from renewable sources of tertiary-amyl-ethyl-ether (TAEE)	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
Rape seed biodiesel	45 %	38 %
Sunflower biodiesel	58 %	51 %
Soybean biodiesel	40 %	31 %
Palm oil biodiesel (process not specified)	36 %	19 %
Palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill)	62 %	56 %
Waste vegetable or animal a oil biodiesel	88 %	83 %
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	51 %	47 %
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	65 %	62 %
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified)	40 %	26 %
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill)	68 %	65 %
Pure vegetable oil from rape seed	58 %	57 %
Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	80 %	73 %
Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	84 %	81 %
Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	86 %	82 %

B. Estimated typical and default values for future biofuels that were not on the market or were on the market only in negligible quantities in January 2008, if produced with no net carbon emissions from land use change U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emission saving	Default greenhouse gas emission saving
Wheat straw ethanol	87 %	85 %
Waste wood ethanol	80 %	74 %
Farmed wood ethanol	76 %	70 %
Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	95 %	95 %
Farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	93 %	93 %
Waste wood dimethylether (DME)	95 %	95 %
Farmed wood DME	92 %	92 %
Waste wood methanol	94 %	94 %
Farmed wood methanol	91 %	91 %
The part from renewable sources of methyl-tertio-butyl-ether (MTBE)	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

C. Methodology U.K.

1. Greenhouse gas emissions from the production and use of biofuels shall be calculated as: U.K.

E = e _ec + e _l + e _p + e _td + e _u – e _sca – e _ccs – e _ccr – e _ee

where

E

=

total emissions from the use of the fuel;

e _ec

=

emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials;

e _l

=

annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land use change;

e _p

=

emissions from processing;

e _td

=

emissions from transport and distribution;

e _u

=

emissions from the fuel in use;

e _sca

=

emission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management;

e _ccs

=

emission savings from carbon capture and geological storage;

e _ccr

=

emission savings from carbon capture and replacement; and

e _ee

=

emission savings from excess electricity from cogeneration.

Emissions from the manufacture of machinery and equipment shall not be taken into account.

2. Greenhouse gas emissions from fuels, E, shall be expressed in terms of grams of CO ₂ equivalent per MJ of fuel, gCO _2eq /MJ. U.K.

3. By derogation from point 2, values calculated in terms of gCO _2eq /MJ may be adjusted to take into account differences between fuels in useful work done, expressed in terms of km/MJ. Such adjustments shall only be made where evidence of the differences in useful work done is provided. U.K.

4. Greenhouse gas emission savings from biofuels shall be calculated as: U.K.

SAVING = ( E _F – E _B )/ E _F

where

E _B

=

total emissions from the biofuel; and

E _F

=

total emissions from the fossil fuel comparator.

5. The greenhouse gases taken into account for the purposes of point 1 shall be CO ₂ , N ₂ O and CH ₄ . For the purpose of calculating CO ₂ equivalence, those gases shall be valued as follows: U.K.

CO ₂

:

1

N ₂ O

:

296

CH ₄

:

23

6. Emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw materials, e _ec , shall include emissions from the extraction or cultivation process itself; from the collection of raw materials; from waste and leakages; and from the production of chemicals or products used in extraction or cultivation. Capture of CO ₂ in the cultivation of raw materials shall be excluded. Certified reductions of greenhouse gas emissions from flaring at oil production sites anywhere in the world shall be deducted. Estimates of emissions from cultivation may be derived from the use of averages calculated for smaller geographical areas than those used in the calculation of the default values, as an alternative to using actual values. U.K.

[F4 7. Annualised emissions from carbon stock changes caused by land-use change, e _l , shall be calculated by dividing total emissions equally over 20 years. For the calculation of those emissions, the following rule shall be applied: U.K.

e _l = (CS _R – CS _A ) × 3,664 × 1/20 × 1/P – e _B , (1)

where

e _l

=

annualised greenhouse gas emissions from carbon stock change due to land-use change (measured as mass (grams) of CO ₂ -equivalent per unit biofuel energy (megajoules)). ‘ Cropland ’(2) and ‘ perennial cropland ’(3) shall be regarded as one land use;

CS _R

=

the carbon stock per unit area associated with the reference land-use (measured as mass (tonnes) of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation). The reference land-use shall be the land-use in January 2008 or 20 years before the raw material was obtained, whichever was the later;

CS _A

=

the carbon stock per unit area associated with the actual land-use (measured as mass (tonnes) of carbon per unit area, including both soil and vegetation). In cases where the carbon stock accumulates over more than one year, the value attributed to CS _A shall be the estimated stock per unit area after 20 years or when the crop reaches maturity, whichever is the earlier;

P

=

the productivity of the crop (measured as biofuel energy per unit area per year) and

e _B

=

bonus of 29 gCO _2eq /MJ biofuel if biomass is obtained from restored degraded land under the conditions provided for in point 8.]

Textual Amendments

F4 Substituted by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Text with EEA relevance).

8. The bonus of 29 gCO _2eq /MJ shall be attributed if evidence is provided that the land: U.K.

(a)

was not in use for agriculture or any other activity in January 2008; and

(b)

falls into one of the following categories:

(i)

severely degraded land, including such land that was formerly in agricultural use;

(ii)

heavily contaminated land.

The bonus of 29 gCO _2eq /MJ shall apply for a period of up to 10 years from the date of conversion of the land to agricultural use, provided that a steady increase in carbon stocks as well as a sizable reduction in erosion phenomena for land falling under (i) are ensured and that soil contamination for land falling under (ii) is reduced.

9. The categories mentioned in point 8(b) are defined as follows: U.K.

(a)

‘ severely degraded land ’ means land that, for a significant period of time, has either been significantly salinated or presented significantly low organic matter content and been severely eroded;

(b)

‘ heavily contaminated land ’ means land that is unfit for the cultivation of food and feed due to soil contamination.

Such land shall include land that has been the subject of a Commission decision in accordance with the fourth subparagraph of Article 7c(3).

10. The guide adopted pursuant to point 10 of Part C of Annex V to Directive 2009/28/EC shall serve as the basis of the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purposes of this Directive. U.K.

11. Emissions from processing, e _p , shall include emissions from the processing itself; from waste and leakages; and from the production of chemicals or products used in processing. U.K.

In accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the fuel production plant, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the average emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity in a defined region. As an exception to this rule producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant, if that plant is not connected to the electricity grid.

12. Emissions from transport and distribution, e _td , shall include emissions from the transport and storage of raw and semi-finished materials and from the storage and distribution of finished materials. Emissions from transport and distribution to be taken into account under point 6 shall not be covered by this point. U.K.

13. Emissions from the fuel in use, e _u , shall be taken to be zero for biofuels. U.K.

14. Emission savings from carbon capture and geological storage e _ccs , that have not already been accounted for in e _p , shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture and sequestration of emitted CO ₂ directly related to the extraction, transport, processing and distribution of fuel. U.K.

15. Emission savings from carbon capture and replacement, e _ccr , shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of CO ₂ of which the carbon originates from biomass and which is used to replace fossil-derived CO ₂ used in commercial products and services. U.K.

16. Emission savings from excess electricity from cogeneration, e _ee , shall be taken into account in relation to the excess electricity produced by fuel production systems that use cogeneration except where the fuel used for the cogeneration is a co-product other than an agricultural crop residue. In accounting for that excess electricity, the size of the cogeneration unit shall be assumed to be the minimum necessary for the cogeneration unit to supply the heat that is needed to produce the fuel. The greenhouse gas emission savings associated with that excess electricity shall be taken to be equal to the amount of greenhouse gas that would be emitted when an equal amount of electricity was generated in a power plant using the same fuel as the cogeneration unit. U.K.

17. Where a fuel production process produces, in combination, the fuel for which emissions are being calculated and one or more other products (co-products), greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the fuel or its intermediate product and the co-products in proportion to their energy content (determined by lower heating value in the case of co-products other than electricity). U.K.

18. For the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17, the emissions to be divided shall be e _ec + e _l + those fractions of e _p , e _td and e _ee that take place up to and including the process step at which a co-product is produced. If any allocation to co-products has taken place at an earlier process step in the life-cycle, the fraction of those emissions assigned in the last such process step to the intermediate fuel product shall be used for this purpose instead of the total of those emissions. U.K.

All co-products, including electricity that does not fall under the scope of point 16, shall be taken into account for the purposes of that calculation, except for agricultural crop residues, including straw, bagasse, husks, cobs and nut shells. Co-products that have a negative energy content shall be considered to have an energy content of zero for the purpose of the calculation.

Wastes, agricultural crop residues, including straw, bagasse, husks, cobs and nut shells, and residues from processing, including crude glycerine (glycerine that is not refined), shall be considered to have zero life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions up to the process of collection of those materials.

In the case of fuels produced in refineries, the unit of analysis for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17 shall be the refinery.

19. For the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 4, the fossil fuel comparator E _F shall be the latest available actual average emissions from the fossil part of petrol and diesel consumed in the Community as reported under this Directive. If no such data are available, the value used shall be 83,8 gCO _2eq /MJ. U.K.

D. Disaggregated default values for biofuels U.K.

Disaggregated default values for cultivation: ‘e _ec ’ as defined in Part C of this Annex U.K.

a Not including animal oil produced from animal by-products classified as category 3 material in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002.
Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Sugar beet ethanol	12	12
Wheat ethanol	23	23
Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced	20	20
Sugar cane ethanol	14	14
The part from renewable sources of ETBE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
The part from renewable sources of TAEE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
Rape seed biodiesel	29	29
Sunflower biodiesel	18	18
Soybean biodiesel	19	19
Palm oil biodiesel	14	14
Waste vegetable or animal a oil biodiesel	0	0
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	30	30
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	18	18
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil	15	15
Pure vegetable oil from rape seed	30	30
Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	0	0
Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	0	0
Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	0	0

Disaggregated default values for processing (including excess electricity): ‘e _p – e _ee ’ as defined in Part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Sugar beet ethanol	19	26
Wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified)	32	45
Wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant)	32	45
Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)	21	30
Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	14	19
Wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant)	1	1
Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	15	21
Sugar cane ethanol	1	1
The part from renewable sources of ETBE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
The part from renewable sources of TAEE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
Rape seed biodiesel	16	22
Sunflower biodiesel	16	22
Soybean biodiesel	18	26
Palm oil biodiesel (process not specified)	35	49
Palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill)	13	18
Waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel	9	13
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	10	13
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	10	13
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified)	30	42
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill)	7	9
Pure vegetable oil from rape seed	4	5
Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	14	20
Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	8	11
Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	8	11

Disaggregated default values for transport and distribution: ‘e _td ’ as defined in Part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Sugar beet ethanol	2	2
Wheat ethanol	2	2
Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced	2	2
Sugar cane ethanol	9	9
The part from renewable sources of ETBE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
The part from renewable sources of TAEE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
Rape seed biodiesel	1	1
Sunflower biodiesel	1	1
Soybean biodiesel	13	13
Palm oil biodiesel	5	5
Waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel	1	1
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	1	1
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	1	1
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil	5	5
Pure vegetable oil from rape seed	1	1
Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	3	3
Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	5	5
Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	4	4

Total for cultivation, processing, transport and distribution U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Sugar beet ethanol	33	40
Wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified)	57	70
Wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant)	57	70
Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler)	46	55
Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	39	44
Wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant)	26	26
Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant)	37	43
Sugar cane ethanol	24	24
The part from renewable sources of ETBE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
The part from renewable sources of TAEE	Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used
Rape seed biodiesel	46	52
Sunflower biodiesel	35	41
Soybean biodiesel	50	58
Palm oil biodiesel (process not specified)	54	68
Palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill)	32	37
Waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel	10	14
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed	41	44
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower	29	32
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified)	50	62
Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill)	27	29
Pure vegetable oil from rape seed	35	36
Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas	17	23
Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas	13	16
Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas	12	15

E. Estimated disaggregated default values for future biofuels that were not on the market or were only on the market in negligible quantities in January 2008 U.K.

Disaggregated values for cultivation: ‘e _ec ’ as defined in Part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas missions (gCO 2eq /MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Wheat straw ethanol	3	3
Waste wood ethanol	1	1
Farmed wood ethanol	6	6
Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	1	1
Farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	4	4
Waste wood DME	1	1
Farmed wood DME	5	5
Waste wood methanol	1	1
Farmed wood methanol	5	5
The part from renewable sources of MTBE	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

Disaggregated values for processing (including excess electricity): ‘e _p – e _ee ’ as defined in Part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Wheat straw ethanol	5	7
Wood ethanol	12	17
Wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	0	0
Wood DME	0	0
Wood methanol	0	0
The part from renewable sources of MTBE	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

Disaggregated values for transport and distribution: ‘e _td ’ as defined in Part C of this Annex U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Wheat straw ethanol	2	2
Waste wood ethanol	4	4
Farmed wood ethanol	2	2
Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	3	3
Farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	2	2
Waste wood DME	4	4
Farmed wood DME	2	2
Waste wood methanol	4	4
Farmed wood methanol	2	2
The part from renewable sources of MTBE	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used

Total for cultivation, processing, transport and distribution U.K.

Biofuel production pathway	Typical greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)	Default greenhouse gas emissions (gCO 2eq /MJ)
Wheat straw ethanol	11	13
Waste wood ethanol	17	22
Farmed wood ethanol	20	25
Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	4	4
Farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel	6	6
Waste wood DME	5	5
Farmed wood DME	7	7
Waste wood methanol	5	5
Farmed wood methanol	7	7
The part from renewable sources of MTBE	Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used]

[F5 ANNEX V U.K.

Textual Amendments

F5 Inserted by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Text with EEA relevance).

Part A. Provisional estimated indirect land-use change emissions from biofuels (gCO _2eq /MJ) (4) U.K.

a The mean values included here represent a weighted average of the individually modelled feedstock values.
b The range included here reflects 90 % of the results using the fifth and ninety-fifth percentile values resulting from the analysis. The fifth percentile suggests a value below which 5 % of the observations were found (i.e. 5 % of total data used showed results below 8, 4, and 33 gCO 2eq /MJ). The ninety-fifth percentile suggests a value below which 95 % of the observations were found (i.e. 5 % of total data used showed results above 16, 17, and 66 gCO 2eq /MJ).
Feedstock group	Mean a	Interpercentile range derived from the sensitivity analysis b
Cereals and other starch-rich crops	12	8 to 16
Sugars	13	4 to 17
Oil crops	55	33 to 66

Part B. Biofuels for which the estimated indirect land-use change emissions are considered to be zero U.K.

Biofuels produced from the following feedstock categories will be considered to have estimated indirect land-use change emissions of zero:

(1)

feedstocks which are not listed under Part A of this Annex.

(2)

feedstocks, the production of which has led to direct land-use change, i.e. a change from one of the following IPCC land cover categories; forest land, grassland, wetlands, settlements, or other land, to cropland or perennial cropland (5) . In such a case a direct land-use change emission value ( e _l ) should have been calculated in accordance with paragraph 7 of Part C of Annex IV.]

(1)

[F1 [F4 The quotient obtained by dividing the molecular weight of CO ₂ (44,010 g/mol) by the molecular weight of carbon (12,011 g/mol) is equal to 3,664.] ]

(2)

[F1 [F4 Cropland as defined by IPCC.] ]

(3)

[F1 [F4 Perennial crops are defined as multi-annual crops, the stem of which is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm.] ]

(4)

[F5 ( ⁺ ) The mean values reported here represent a weighted average of the individually modelled feedstock values. The magnitude of the values in the Annex is sensitive to the range of assumptions (such as treatment of co-products, yield developments, carbon stocks and displacement of other commodities) used in the economic models developed for their estimation. Although it is therefore not possible to fully characterise the uncertainty range associated with such estimates, a sensitivity analysis conducted on the results based on a random variation of key parameters, a so-called Monte Carlo analysis, was conducted.] U.K.

(5)

[F5 ( ⁺⁺ ) Perennial crops are defined as multi-annual crops, the stem of which is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm.] U.K.

Textual Amendments

F1 Substituted by Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing Directive 93/12/EEC (Text with EEA relevance).

F4 Substituted by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Text with EEA relevance).

F5 Inserted by Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Text with EEA relevance).