- Latest available (Revised)
- Original (As adopted by EU)
Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 of 5 May 2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items (Recast)
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[3A001] Electronic items as follows:
General purpose integrated circuits, as follows:
"Monolithic integrated circuits";
"Hybrid integrated circuits";
"Multichip integrated circuits";
"Film type integrated circuits", including silicon-on-sapphire integrated circuits;
"Optical integrated circuits";
"Three dimensional integrated circuits";
"Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits" ("MMICs").
Integrated circuits designed or rated as radiation hardened to withstand any of the following:
A total dose of 5 × 103 Gy (silicon) or higher;
A dose rate upset of 5 × 106 Gy (silicon)/s or higher; or
"Microprocessor microcircuits", "microcomputer microcircuits", microcontroller microcircuits, storage integrated circuits manufactured from a compound semiconductor, analogue-to-digital converters, integrated circuits that contain analogue-to-digital converters and store or process the digitised data, digital-to-analogue converters, electro-optical or "optical integrated circuits" designed for "signal processing", field programmable logic devices, custom integrated circuits for which either the function is unknown or the control status of the equipment in which the integrated circuit will be used is unknown, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processors, Static Random-Access Memories (SRAMs), or ‘non-volatile memories’, having any of the following:
Rated for operation at an ambient temperature above 398 K (125 °C);
Rated for operation at an ambient temperature below 218 K (– 55 °C); or
Rated for operation over the entire ambient temperature range from 218 K (– 55 °C) to 398 K (125 °C);
‘Non-volatile memories’ are memories with data retention over a period of time after a power shutdown.
"Microprocessor microcircuits", "microcomputer microcircuits" and microcontroller microcircuits, manufactured from a compound semiconductor and operating at a clock frequency exceeding 40 MHz;
Not used;
Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and Digital-to-Analogue Converter (DAC) integrated circuits, as follows:
ADCs having any of the following:
A resolution of 8 bit or more, but less than 10 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 1,3 Giga Samples Per Second (GSPS);
A resolution of 10 bit or more, but less than 12 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 600 Mega Samples Per Second (MSPS);
A resolution of 12 bit or more, but less than 14 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 400 MSPS;
A resolution of 14 bit or more, but less than 16 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 250 MSPS; or
A resolution of 16 bit or more with a "sample rate" greater than 65 MSPS;
Digital-to-Analogue Converters (DAC) having any of the following:
A resolution of 10 bit or more but less than 12 bit, with an ‘adjusted update rate’ exceeding 3 500 MSPS; or
A resolution of 12 bit or more and having any of the following:
An ‘adjusted update rate’ exceeding 1 250 MSPS but not exceeding 3 500 MSPS, and having any of the following:
A settling time less than 9 ns to arrive at or within 0,024 % of full scale from a full scale step; or
A ‘Spurious Free Dynamic Range’ (SFDR) greater than 68 dBc (carrier) when synthesising a full scale analogue signal of 100 MHz or the highest full scale analogue signal frequency specified below 100 MHz; or
An ‘adjusted update rate’ exceeding 3 500 MSPS;
For conventional (non-interpolating) DACs, the ‘adjusted update rate’ is the rate at which the digital signal is converted to an analogue signal and the output analogue values are changed by the DAC. For DACs where the interpolation mode may be bypassed (interpolation factor of one), the DAC should be considered as a conventional (non-interpolating) DAC.
For interpolating DACs (oversampling DACs), the ‘adjusted update rate’ is defined as the DAC update rate divided by the smallest interpolating factor. For interpolating DACs, the ‘adjusted update rate’ may be referred to by different terms including:
input data rate
input word rate
input sample rate
maximum total input bus rate
maximum DAC clock rate for DAC clock input.
Electro-optical and "optical integrated circuits", designed for "signal processing" and having all of the following:
One or more than one internal "laser" diode;
One or more than one internal light detecting element; and
Optical waveguides;
Field programmable logic devices having any of the following:
A maximum number of single-ended digital input/outputs of greater than 700; or
An ‘aggregate one-way peak serial transceiver data rate’ of 500 Gb/s or greater;
Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs)
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
Field Programmable Logic Arrays (FPLAs)
Field Programmable Interconnects (FPICs)
Not used;
Neural network integrated circuits;
Custom integrated circuits for which the function is unknown, or the control status of the equipment in which the integrated circuits will be used is unknown to the manufacturer, having any of the following:
More than 1 500 terminals;
A typical "basic gate propagation delay time" of less than 0,02 ns; or
An operating frequency exceeding 3 GHz;
Digital integrated circuits, other than those described in 3A001.a.3. to 3A001.a.10. and 3A001.a.12., based upon any compound semiconductor and having any of the following:
An equivalent gate count of more than 3 000 (2 input gates); or
A toggle frequency exceeding 1,2 GHz;
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processors having a rated execution time for an N-point complex FFT of less than (N log2 N)/20 480 ms, where N is the number of points;
When N is equal to 1 024 points, the formula in 3A001.a.12. gives an execution time of 500 μs.
Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) integrated circuits having any of the following:
A Digital-to-Analogue Converter (DAC) clock frequency of 3,5 GHz or more and a DAC resolution of 10 bit or more, but less than 12 bit; or
A DAC clock frequency of 1,25 GHz or more and a DAC resolution of 12 bit or more;
The DAC clock frequency may be specified as the master clock frequency or the input clock frequency.
Integrated circuits that perform or are programmable to perform all of the following:
Analogue-to-digital conversions meeting any of the following:
A resolution of 8 bit or more, but less than 10 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 1,3 Giga Samples Per Second (GSPS);
A resolution of 10 bit or more, but less than 12 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 1,0 GSPS;
A resolution of 12 bit or more, but less than 14 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 1,0 GSPS;
A resolution of 14 bit or more, but less than 16 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 400 Mega Samples Per Second (MSPS); or
A resolution of 16 bit or more with a "sample rate" greater than 180 MSPS; and
Any of the following:
Storage of digitised data; or
Processing of digitised data;
Microwave or millimetre wave items as follows:
For purposes of 3A001.b., the parameter peak saturated power output may also be referred to on product data sheets as output power, saturated power output, maximum power output, peak power output, or peak envelope power output.
"Vacuum electronic devices" and cathodes, as follows:
Does not exceed 31,8 GHz; and
Is "allocated by the ITU" for radio-communications services, but not for radio-determination.
An average output power equal to or less than 50 W; and
Designed or rated for operation in any frequency band and having all of the following:
Exceeds 31,8 GHz but does not exceed 43,5 GHz; and
Is "allocated by the ITU" for radio-communications services, but not for radio-determination.
Travelling-wave "vacuum electronic devices", pulsed or continuous wave, as follows:
Devices operating at frequencies exceeding 31,8 GHz;
Devices having a cathode heater with a turn on time to rated RF power of less than 3 seconds;
Coupled cavity devices, or derivatives thereof, with a "fractional bandwidth" of more than 7 % or a peak power exceeding 2,5 kW;
Devices based on helix, folded waveguide, or serpentine waveguide circuits, or derivatives thereof, having any of the following:
An "instantaneous bandwidth" of more than one octave, and average power (expressed in kW) times frequency (expressed in GHz) of more than 0,5;
An "instantaneous bandwidth" of one octave or less, and average power (expressed in kW) times frequency (expressed in GHz) of more than 1;
Being "space-qualified"; or
Having a gridded electron gun;
Devices with a "fractional bandwidth" greater than or equal to 10 %, with any of the following:
An annular electron beam;
A non-axisymmetric electron beam; or
Multiple electron beams;
Crossed-field amplifier "vacuum electronic devices" with a gain of more than 17 dB;
Thermionic cathodes designed for "vacuum electronic devices" producing an emission current density at rated operating conditions exceeding 5 A/cm2 or a pulsed (non-continuous) current density at rated operating conditions exceeding 10 A/cm2;
"Vacuum electronic devices" with the capability to operate in a ‘dual mode’.
‘Dual mode’ means the "vacuum electronic device" beam current can be intentionally changed between continuous-wave and pulsed mode operation by use of a grid and produces a peak pulse output power greater than the continuous-wave output power.
"Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits" ("MMIC") amplifiers that are any of the following:
Rated for operation at frequencies exceeding 2,7 GHz up to and including 6,8 GHz with a "fractional bandwidth" greater than 15 %, and having any of the following:
A peak saturated power output greater than 75 W (48,75 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 2,7 GHz up to and including 2,9 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 55 W (47,4 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 2,9 GHz up to and including 3,2 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 40 W (46 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 3,2 GHz up to and including 3,7 GHz; or
A peak saturated power output greater than 20 W (43 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 3,7 GHz up to and including 6,8 GHz;
Rated for operation at frequencies exceeding 6,8 GHz up to and including 16 GHz with a "fractional bandwidth" greater than 10 %, and having any of the following:
A peak saturated power output greater than 10 W (40 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 6,8 GHz up to and including 8,5 GHz; or
A peak saturated power output greater than 5 W (37 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 8,5 GHz up to and including 16 GHz;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 3 W (34,77 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 16 GHz up to and including 31,8 GHz, and with a "fractional bandwidth" of greater than 10 %;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 0,1 nW (– 70 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 31,8 GHz up to and including 37 GHz;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 1 W (30 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 37 GHz up to and including 43,5 GHz, and with a "fractional bandwidth" of greater than 10 %;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 31,62 mW (15 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 43,5 GHz up to and including 75 GHz, and with a "fractional bandwidth" of greater than 10 %;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 10 mW (10 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 75 GHz up to and including 90 GHz, and with a "fractional bandwidth" of greater than 5 %; or
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 0,1 nW (– 70 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 90 GHz;
Discrete microwave transistors that are any of the following:
Rated for operation at frequencies exceeding 2,7 GHz up to and including 6,8 GHz and having any of the following:
A peak saturated power output greater than 400 W (56 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 2,7 GHz up to and including 2,9 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 205 W (53,12 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 2,9 GHz up to and including 3,2 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 115 W (50,61 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 3,2 GHz up to and including 3,7 GHz; or
A peak saturated power output greater than 60 W (47,78 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 3,7 GHz up to and including 6,8 GHz;
Rated for operation at frequencies exceeding 6,8 GHz up to and including 31,8 GHz and having any of the following:
A peak saturated power output greater than 50 W (47 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 6,8 GHz up to and including 8,5 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 15 W (41,76 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 8,5 GHz up to and including 12 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 40 W (46 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 12 GHz up to and including 16 GHz; or
A peak saturated power output greater than 7 W (38,45 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 16 GHz up to and including 31,8 GHz;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 0,5 W (27 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 31,8 GHz up to and including 37 GHz;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 1 W (30 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 37 GHz up to and including 43,5 GHz;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 0,1 nW (– 70 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 43,5 GHz; or
Other than those specified in 3A001.b.3.a. to 3A001.b.3.e and rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 5 W (37,0 dBm) at all frequencies exceeding 8,5 GHz up to and including 31,8 GHz;
Microwave solid state amplifiers and microwave assemblies/modules containing microwave solid state amplifiers, that are any of the following:
Rated for operation at frequencies exceeding 2,7 GHz up to and including 6,8 GHz with a "fractional bandwidth" greater than 15 %, and having any of the following:
A peak saturated power output greater than 500 W (57 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 2,7 GHz up to and including 2,9 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 270 W (54,3 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 2,9 GHz up to and including 3,2 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 200 W (53 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 3,2 GHz up to and including 3,7 GHz; or
A peak saturated power output greater than 90 W (49,54 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 3,7 GHz up to and including 6,8 GHz;
Rated for operation at frequencies exceeding 6,8 GHz up to and including 31,8 GHz with a "fractional bandwidth" greater than 10 %, and having any of the following:
A peak saturated power output greater than 70 W (48,54 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 6,8 GHz up to and including 8,5 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 50 W (47 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 8,5 GHz up to and including 12 GHz;
A peak saturated power output greater than 30 W (44,77 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 12 GHz up to and including 16 GHz; or
A peak saturated power output greater than 20 W (43 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 16 GHz up to and including 31,8 GHz;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 0,5 W (27 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 31,8 GHz up to and including 37 GHz;
Rated for operation with a peak saturated power output greater than 2 W (33 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 37 GHz up to and including 43,5 GHz, and with a "fractional bandwidth" of greater than 10 %;
Rated for operation at frequencies exceeding 43,5 GHz and having any of the following:
A peak saturated power output greater than 0,2 W (23 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 43,5 GHz up to and including 75 GHz, and with a "fractional bandwidth" of greater than 10 %;
A peak saturated power output greater than 20 mW (13 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 75 GHz up to and including 90 GHz, and with a "fractional bandwidth" of greater than 5 %; or
A peak saturated power output greater than 0,1 nW (– 70 dBm) at any frequency exceeding 90 GHz; or
Not used
Electronically or magnetically tunable band-pass or band-stop filters, having more than 5 tunable resonators capable of tuning across a 1,5:1 frequency band (fmax/fmin) in less than 10 μs and having any of the following:
A band-pass bandwidth of more than 0,5 % of centre frequency; or
A band-stop bandwidth of less than 0,5 % of centre frequency;
Not used;
Converters and harmonic mixers that are any of the following:
Designed to extend the frequency range of "signal analysers" beyond 90 GHz;
Designed to extend the operating range of signal generators as follows:
Beyond 90 GHz;
To an output power greater than 100 mW (20 dBm) anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 43,5 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz;
Designed to extend the operating range of network analysers as follows:
Beyond 110 GHz;
To an output power greater than 31,62 mW (15 dBm) anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 43,5 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz;
To an output power greater than 1 mW (0 dBm) anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 90 GHz but not exceeding 110 GHz; or
Designed to extend the frequency range of microwave test receivers beyond 110 GHz;
Microwave power amplifiers containing "vacuum electronic devices" specified in 3A001.b.1. and having all of the following:
Operating frequencies above 3 GHz;
An average output power to mass ratio exceeding 80 W/kg; and
A volume of less than 400 cm3;
Microwave power modules (MPM) consisting of, at least, a travelling wave "vacuum electronic device", a "monolithic microwave integrated circuit" ("MMIC") and an integrated electronic power conditioner and having all of the following:
A ‘turn-on time’ from off to fully operational in less than 10 seconds;
A volume less than the maximum rated power in Watts multiplied by 10 cm3/W; and
An "instantaneous bandwidth" greater than 1 octave (fmax > 2fmin) and having any of the following:
For frequencies equal to or less than 18 GHz, an RF output power greater than 100 W; or
A frequency greater than 18 GHz;
Oscillators or oscillator assemblies, specified to operate with a single sideband (SSB) phase noise, in dBc/Hz, less (better) than -(126 + 20log10F – 20log10f) anywhere within the range of 10 Hz ≤ F ≤ 10 kHz;
In 3A001.b.10., F is the offset from the operating frequency in Hz and f is the operating frequency in MHz.
‘Frequency synthesiser’"electronic assemblies" having a "frequency switching time" as specified by any of the following:
Less than 143 ps;
Less than 100 μs for any frequency change exceeding 2,2 GHz within the synthesised frequency range exceeding 4,8 GHz but not exceeding 31,8 GHz;
Not used;
Less than 500 μs for any frequency change exceeding 550 MHz within the synthesised frequency range exceeding 31,8 GHz but not exceeding 37 GHz;
Less than 100 μs for any frequency change exceeding 2,2 GHz within the synthesised frequency range exceeding 37 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz; or
Not used;
Less than 1 ms within the synthesized frequency range exceeding 90 GHz;
A ‘frequency synthesiser’ is any kind of frequency source, regardless of the actual technique used, providing a multiplicity of simultaneous or alternative output frequencies, from one or more outputs, controlled by, derived from or disciplined by a lesser number of standard (or master) frequencies.
‘Transmit/receive modules’, ‘transmit/receive MMICs’, ‘transmit modules’, and ‘transmit MMICs’, rated for operation at frequencies above 2,7 GHz and having all of the following:
A peak saturated power output (in watts), Psat, greater than 505,62 divided by the maximum operating frequency (in GHz) squared [Psat> 505,62 W*GHz2/fGHz2] for any channel;
A "fractional bandwidth" of 5 % or greater for any channel;
Any planar side with length d (in cm) equal to or less than 15 divided by the lowest operating frequency in GHz [d ≤ 15cm*GHz*N/fGHz] where N is the number of transmit or transmit/receive channels; and
An electronically variable phase shifter per channel.
Acoustic wave devices as follows and specially designed components therefor:
Surface acoustic wave and surface skimming (shallow bulk) acoustic wave devices, having any of the following:
A carrier frequency exceeding 6 GHz;
A carrier frequency exceeding 1 GHz, but not exceeding 6 GHz and having any of the following:
A ‘frequency side-lobe rejection’ exceeding 65 dB;
A product of the maximum delay time and the bandwidth (time in μs and bandwidth in MHz) of more than 100;
A bandwidth greater than 250 MHz; or
A dispersive delay of more than 10 μs; or
A carrier frequency of 1 GHz or less and having any of the following:
A product of the maximum delay time and the bandwidth (time in μs and bandwidth in MHz) of more than 100;
A dispersive delay of more than 10 μs; or
A ‘frequency side-lobe rejection’ exceeding 65 dB and a bandwidth greater than 100 MHz;
‘Frequency side-lobe rejection’ is the maximum rejection value specified in data sheet.
Bulk (volume) acoustic wave devices which permit the direct processing of signals at frequencies exceeding 6 GHz;
Acoustic-optic "signal processing" devices employing interaction between acoustic waves (bulk wave or surface wave) and light waves which permit the direct processing of signals or images, including spectral analysis, correlation or convolution;
Electronic devices and circuits containing components, manufactured from "superconductive" materials, specially designed for operation at temperatures below the "critical temperature" of at least one of the "superconductive" constituents and having any of the following:
Current switching for digital circuits using "superconductive" gates with a product of delay time per gate (in seconds) and power dissipation per gate (in watts) of less than 10-14 J; or
Frequency selection at all frequencies using resonant circuits with Q-values exceeding 10 000;
High energy devices as follows:
‘Cells’ as follows:
‘Primary cells’ having any of the following at 20 °C;
‘Energy density’ exceeding 550 Wh/kg and a ‘continuous power density’ exceeding 50 W/kg; or
‘Energy density’ exceeding 50 Wh/kg and a ‘continuous power density’ exceeding 350 W/kg; or
‘Secondary cells’ having an ‘energy density’ exceeding 350 Wh/kg at 20 °C;
High energy storage capacitors as follows:
Capacitors with a repetition rate of less than 10 Hz (single shot capacitors) and having all of the following:
A voltage rating equal to or more than 5 kV;
An energy density equal to or more than 250 J/kg; and
A total energy equal to or more than 25 kJ;
Capacitors with a repetition rate of 10 Hz or more (repetition rated capacitors) and having all of the following:
A voltage rating equal to or more than 5 kV;
An energy density equal to or more than 50 J/kg;
A total energy equal to or more than 100 J; and
A charge/discharge cycle life equal to or more than 10 000;
"Superconductive" electromagnets and solenoids, specially designed to be fully charged or discharged in less than one second and having all of the following:
Energy delivered during the discharge exceeding 10 kJ in the first second;
Inner diameter of the current carrying windings of more than 250 mm; and
Rated for a magnetic induction of more than 8 T or "overall current density" in the winding of more than 300 A/mm2;
Solar cells, cell-interconnect-coverglass (CIC) assemblies, solar panels, and solar arrays, which are "space-qualified", having a minimum average efficiency exceeding 20 % at an operating temperature of 301 K (28 °C) under simulated ‘AM0’ illumination with an irradiance of 1 367 watts per square metre (W/m2);
‘AM0’, or ‘Air Mass Zero’, refers to the spectral irradiance of sun light in the earth’s outer atmosphere when the distance between the earth and sun is one astronomical unit (AU).
Rotary input type absolute position encoders having an "accuracy" equal to or less (better) than 1,0 second of arc and specially designed encoder rings, discs or scales therefor;
Solid-state pulsed power switching thyristor devices and ‘thyristor modules’, using either electrically, optically, or electron radiation controlled switch methods and having any of the following:
A maximum turn-on current rate of rise (di/dt) greater than 30 000 A/μs and off-state voltage greater than 1 100 V; or
A maximum turn-on current rate of rise (di/dt) greater than 2 000 A/μs and having all of the following:
An off-state peak voltage equal to or greater than 3 000 V; and
A peak (surge) current equal to or greater than 3 000 A.
Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs)
Electrical Triggering Thyristors (ETTs)
Light Triggering Thyristors (LTTs)
Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs)
Gate Turn-off Thyristors (GTOs)
MOS Controlled Thyristors (MCTs)
Solidtrons
For the purposes of 3A001.g., a ‘thyristor module’ contains one or more thyristor devices.
Solid-state power semiconductor switches, diodes, or 'modules', having all of the following:
Rated for a maximum operating junction temperature greater than 488 K (215 °C);
Repetitive peak off-state voltage (blocking voltage) exceeding 300 V; and
Continuous current greater than 1 A.
Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFETs)
Vertical Junction Field Effect Transistors (VJFETs)
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs)
Double Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (DMOSFET)
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs)
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)
Thyristors and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs)
Gate Turn-Off Thyristors (GTOs)
Emitter Turn-Off Thyristors (ETOs)
PiN Diodes
Schottky Diodes
For the purposes of 3A001.h., ‘modules’ contain one or more solid-state power semiconductor switches or diodes.
Intensity, amplitude, or phase electro-optic modulators, designed for analogue signals and having any of the following:
A maximum operating frequency of more than 10 GHz but less than 20 GHz, an optical insertion loss equal to or less than 3 dB and having any of the following:
A ‘half-wave voltage’ (‘Vπ’) less than 2,7 V when measured at a frequency of 1 GHz or below; or
A ‘Vπ’ of less than 4 V when measured at a frequency of more than 1 GHz; or
A maximum operating frequency equal to or greater than 20 GHz, an optical insertion loss equal to or less than 3 dB and having any of the following:
A ‘Vπ’ less than 3,3 V when measured at a frequency of 1 GHz or below; or
A ‘Vπ’ less than 5 V when measured at a frequency of more than 1 GHz.
For the purposes of 3A001.i., a ‘half-wave voltage’ (‘Vπ’) is the applied voltage necessary to make a phase change of 180 degrees in the wavelength of light propagating through the optical modulator.
[3A002] General purpose "electronic assemblies", modules and equipment, as follows:
Recording equipment and oscilloscopes as follows:
Not used;
Not used;
Not used;
Not used;
Not used;
Digital data recorders having all of the following:
A sustained ‘continuous throughput’ of more than 6,4 Gbit/s to disk or solid-state drive memory; and
"Signal processing" of the radio frequency signal data while it is being recorded;
Real-time oscilloscopes having a vertical root-mean-square (rms) noise voltage of less than 2 % of full-scale at the vertical scale setting that provides the lowest noise value for any input 3dB bandwidth of 60 GHz or greater per channel;
Not used;
"Signal analysers" as follows:
"Signal analysers" having a 3 dB resolution bandwidth (RBW) exceeding 40 MHz anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 31,8 GHz but not exceeding 37 GHz;
"Signal analysers" having Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL) less (better) than -150 dBm/Hz anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 43,5 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz;
"Signal analysers" having a frequency exceeding 90 GHz;
"Signal analysers" having all of the following:
‘Real-time bandwidth’ exceeding 170 MHz; and
Having any of the following:
100 % probability of discovery with less than a 3 dB reduction from full amplitude due to gaps or windowing effects of signals having a duration of 15 μs or less; or
A ‘frequency mask trigger’ function with 100 % probability of trigger (capture) for signals having a duration of 15 μs or less;
Not used;
Signal generators having any of the following:
Specified to generate pulse-modulated signals having all of the following, anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 31,8 GHz but not exceeding 37 GHz:
‘Pulse duration’ of less than 25 ns; and
On/off ratio equal to or exceeding 65 dB;
An output power exceeding 100 mW (20 dBm) anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 43,5 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz;
A "frequency switching time" as specified by any of the following:
Not used;
Less than 100 μs for any frequency change exceeding 2,2 GHz within the frequency range exceeding 4,8 GHz but not exceeding 31,8 GHz;
Not used;
Less than 500 μs for any frequency change exceeding 550 MHz within the frequency range exceeding 31,8 GHz but not exceeding 37 GHz; or
Less than 100 μs for any frequency change exceeding 2,2 GHz within the frequency range exceeding 37 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz;
Not used;
Single sideband (SSB) phase noise, in dBc/Hz, specified as being any of the following:
Less (better) than -(126 + 20log10F – 20log10f) anywhere within the range of 10 Hz ≤ F ≤ 10 kHz anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 3,2 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz; or
Less (better) than -(206 – 20log10f) anywhere within the range of 10 kHz< F≤ 100 kHz anywhere within the frequency range exceeding 3,2 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz;
In 3A002.d.4., F is the offset from the operating frequency in Hz and f is the operating frequency in MHz;
An ‘RF modulation bandwidth’ of digital baseband signals as specified by any of the following:
Exceeding 2,2 GHz within the frequency range exceeding 4,8 GHz but not exceeding 31,8 GHz;
Exceeding 550 MHz within the frequency range exceeding 31,8 GHz but not exceeding 37 GHz; or
Exceeding 2,2 GHz within the frequency range exceeding 37 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz; or
‘RF modulation bandwidth’ is the Radio Frequency (RF) bandwidth occupied by a digitally encoded baseband signal modulated onto an RF signal. It is also referred to as information bandwidth or vector modulation bandwidth. I/Q digital modulation is the technical method for producing a vector-modulated RF output signal, and that output signal is typically specified as having an ‘RF modulation bandwidth’.
A maximum frequency exceeding 90 GHz;
Network analysers having any of the following:
An output power exceeding 31,62 mW (15 dBm) anywhere within the operating frequency range exceeding 43,5 GHz but not exceeding 90 GHz;
An output power exceeding 1 mW (0 dBm) anywhere within the operating frequency range exceeding 90 GHz but not exceeding 110 GHz;
‘Nonlinear vector measurement functionality’ at frequencies exceeding 50 GHz but not exceeding 110 GHz; or
‘Nonlinear vector measurement functionality’ is an instrument’s ability to analyse the test results of devices driven into the large-signal domain or the non-linear distortion range.
A maximum operating frequency exceeding 110 GHz;
Microwave test receivers having all of the following:
A maximum operating frequency exceeding 110 GHz; and
Being capable of measuring amplitude and phase simultaneously;
Atomic frequency standards being any of the following:
"Space-qualified";
Non-rubidium and having a long-term stability less (better) than 1 × 10–11/month; or
Non-"space-qualified" and having all of the following:
Being a rubidium standard;
Long-term stability less (better) than 1 × 10–11/month; and
Total power consumption of less than 1 W;
"Electronic assemblies", modules, or equipment, specified to perform all of the following:
Analogue-to-digital conversions meeting any of the following:
A resolution of 8 bit or more, but less than 10 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 1,3 Giga Samples Per Second (GSPS);
A resolution of 10 bit or more, but less than 12 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 1,0 GSPS;
A resolution of 12 bit or more, but less than 14 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 1,0 GSPS;
A resolution of 14 bit or more but less than 16 bit, with a "sample rate" greater than 400 Mega Samples Per Second (MSPS); or
A resolution of 16 bit or more with a "sample rate" greater than 180 MSPS; and
Any of the following:
Output of digitized data;
Storage of digitized data; or
Processing of digitized data;
[3A003] Spray cooling thermal management systems employing closed loop fluid handling and reconditioning equipment in a sealed enclosure where a dielectric fluid is sprayed onto electronic components using specially designed spray nozzles that are designed to maintain electronic components within their operating temperature range, and specially designed components therefor.
[3A101] Electronic equipment, devices and components, other than those specified in 3A001, as follows:
Analogue-to-digital converters, usable in "missiles", designed to meet military specifications for ruggedized equipment;
[3A102] ‘Thermal batteries’ designed or modified for ‘missiles’.
[3A201] Electronic components, other than those specified in 3A001, as follows;
Capacitors having either of the following sets of characteristics:
Voltage rating greater than 1,4 kV;
Energy storage greater than 10 J;
Capacitance greater than 0,5 μF; and
Series inductance less than 50 nH; or
Voltage rating greater than 750 V;
Capacitance greater than 0,25 μF; and
Series inductance less than 10 nH;
Superconducting solenoidal electromagnets having all of the following characteristics:
Capable of creating magnetic fields greater than 2 T;
A ratio of length to inner diameter greater than 2;
Inner diameter greater than 300 mm; and
Magnetic field uniform to better than 1 % over the central 50 % of the inner volume;
Flash X-ray generators or pulsed electron accelerators having either of the following sets of characteristics:
An accelerator peak electron energy of 500 keV or greater but less than 25 MeV; and
With a ‘figure of merit’ (K) of 0,25 or greater; or
An accelerator peak electron energy of 25 MeV or greater; and
A ‘peak power’ greater than 50 MW.
K = 1,7 × 103V2,65Q
V is the peak electron energy in million electron volts.
If the accelerator beam pulse duration is less than or equal to 1 μs, then Q is the total accelerated charge in Coulombs. If the accelerator beam pulse duration is greater than 1 μs, then Q is the maximum accelerated charge in 1 μs.
Q equals the integral of i with respect to t, over the lesser of 1 μs or the time duration of the beam pulse (Q = ∫ idt), where i is beam current in amperes and t is time in seconds.
[3A225] Frequency changers or generators, other than those specified in 0B001.b.13., usable as a variable or fixed frequency motor drive, having all of the following characteristics:
Multiphase output providing a power of 40 VA or greater;
Operating at a frequency of 600 Hz or more; and
Frequency control better (less) than 0,2 %.
They need to be returned to the original manufacturer to make the enhancements or release the constraints;
They require "software" as specified in 3D225 to enhance or release the performance to meet the characteristics of 3A225; or
They require "technology" in the form of keys or codes as specified in 3E225 to enhance or release the performance to meet the characteristics of 3A225.
[3A226] High-power direct current power supplies, other than those specified in 0B001.j.6., having both of the following characteristics:
Capable of continuously producing, over a time period of 8 hours, 100 V or greater with current output of 500 A or greater; and
Current or voltage stability better than 0,1 % over a time period of 8 hours.
[3A227] High-voltage direct current power supplies, other than those specified in 0B001.j.5., having both of the following characteristics:
Capable of continuously producing, over a time period of 8 hours, 20 kV or greater with current output of 1 A or greater; and
Current or voltage stability better than 0,1 % over a time period of 8 hours.
[3A228] Switching devices, as follows:
Cold-cathode tubes, whether gas filled or not, operating similarly to a spark gap, having all of the following characteristics:
Containing three or more electrodes;
Anode peak voltage rating of 2,5 kV or more;
Anode peak current rating of 100 A or more; and
Anode delay time of 10 μs or less;
Textual Amendments
F2Word in Annex 1 para. 3A228.a Note substituted (20.4.2022) by The Trade in Dual-Use Items (Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009) (Amendment) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/410), regs. 1, 2(2)(d)
Triggered spark-gaps having both of the following characteristics:
An anode delay time of 15 μs or less; and
Rated for a peak current of 500 A or more;
Modules or assemblies with a fast switching function, other than those specified in 3A001.g. or 3A001.h., having all of the following characteristics:
Anode peak voltage rating greater than 2 kV;
Anode peak current rating of 500 A or more; and
Turn-on time of 1 μs or less.
Textual Amendments
F2Word in Annex 1 para. 3A228.a Note substituted (20.4.2022) by The Trade in Dual-Use Items (Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009) (Amendment) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/410), regs. 1, 2(2)(d)
[3A229] High-current pulse generators as follows:
Detonator firing sets (initiator systems, firesets), including electronically-charged, explosively-driven and optically-driven firing sets, other than those specified in 1A007.a., designed to drive multiple controlled detonators specified in 1A007.b.;
Modular electrical pulse generators (pulsers) having all of the following characteristics:
Designed for portable, mobile, or ruggedized-use;
Capable of delivering their energy in less than 15 μs into loads of less than 40 ohms;
Having an output greater than 100 A;
No dimension greater than 30 cm;
Weight less than 30 kg; and
Specified for use over an extended temperature range 223 K (– 50 °C) to 373 K (100 °C) or specified as suitable for aerospace applications.
Micro-firing units having all of the following characteristics:
No dimension greater than 35 mm;
Voltage rating of equal to or greater than 1 kV; and
Capacitance of equal to or greater than 100 nF.
[3A230] High-speed pulse generators, and ‘pulse heads’ therefor, having both of the following characteristics:
Output voltage greater than 6 V into a resistive load of less than 55 ohms, and
‘Pulse transition time’ less than 500 ps.
[3A231] Neutron generator systems, including tubes, having both of the following characteristics:
Designed for operation without an external vacuum system; and
Utilizing any of the following:
Electrostatic acceleration to induce a tritium-deuterium nuclear reaction; or
Electrostatic acceleration to induce a deuterium-deuterium nuclear reaction and capable of an output of 3 × 109 neutrons/s or greater.
[3A232] Multipoint initiation systems, other than those specified in 1A007, as follows:
Not used;
Arrangements using single or multiple detonators designed to nearly simultaneously initiate an explosive surface over an area greater than 5 000 mm2 from a single firing signal with an initiation timing spread over the surface of less than 2,5 μs.
[3A233] Mass spectrometers, other than those specified in 0B002.g., capable of measuring ions of 230 u or greater and having a resolution of better than 2 parts in 230, as follows, and ion sources therefor:
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP/MS);
Glow discharge mass spectrometers (GDMS);
Thermal ionization mass spectrometers (TIMS);
Electron bombardment mass spectrometers having both of the following features:
A molecular beam inlet system that injects a collimated beam of analyte molecules into a region of the ion source where the molecules are ionized by an electron beam; and
One or more ‘cold traps’ that can be cooled to a temperature of 193 K (– 80 °C);
Not used;
Mass spectrometers equipped with a microfluorination ion source designed for actinides or actinide fluorides.
[3A234] Striplines to provide low inductance path to detonators with the following characteristics:
Voltage rating greater than 2 kV; and
Inductance of less than 20 nH.]
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