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Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012Show full title
Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 of 9 March 2012 laying down specifications for food additives listed in Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)
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- Regulations originating from the EU
- 2012 No. 231
- ANNEX
- E 162 BEETROOT RED,...
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E 162 BEETROOT RED, BETANIN
| Synonyms | Beet Red |
| Definition | Beet red is obtained from the roots of strains of red beets (Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra) by pressing crushed beet as press juice or by aqueous extraction of shredded beet roots and subsequent enrichment in the active principle. The colour is composed of different pigments all belonging to the class betalaine. The main colouring principle consists of betacyanins (red) of which betanin accounts for 75-95 %. Minor amounts of betaxanthin (yellow) and degradation products of betalaines (light brown) may be present. Besides the colour pigments the juice or extract consists of sugars, salts, and/or proteins naturally occurring in red beets. The solution may be concentrated and some products may be refined in order to remove most of the sugars, salts and proteins. |
| Colour Index No | |
| Einecs | 231-628-5 |
| Chemical name | (S-(R′,R′)-4-(2-(2-Carboxy-5(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1H-indol-1-yl)ethenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid; 1-(2-(2,6-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-pyridylidene)ethylidene)-5-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-hydroxyindolium-2-carboxylate |
| Chemical formula | Betanin: C24H26N2O13 |
| Molecular weight | 550,48 |
| Assay | Content of red colour (expressed as betanine) is not less than 0,4 % |
| Description | Red or dark red liquid, paste, powder or solid |
| Identification | |
|---|---|
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water of pH 5 at ca. 535 nm |
| Purity | |
| Nitrate | Not more than 2 g nitrate anion/g of red colour (as calculated from assay). |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
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