Regulation (EU) No 346/2013 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilShow full title

Regulation (EU) No 346/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council

of 17 April 2013

on European social entrepreneurship funds

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,

After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,

Having regard to the opinion of the European Central Bank(1),

Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee(2),

Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure(3),

Whereas:

(1) Increasingly, as investors also pursue social goals and are not only seeking financial returns, a social investment market has been emerging in the Union, comprising, in part, investment funds targeting social undertakings. Such investment funds provide funding to social undertakings that act as drivers of social change by offering innovative solutions to social problems, for example by helping to tackle the social consequences of the financial crisis, and by making a valuable contribution to meeting the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy set out in the Commission Communication of 3 March 2010 entitled ‘Europe 2020: A strategy for delivering smart, sustainable and inclusive growth’.

(2) This Regulation is part of the Social Business Initiative established by the Commission in its Communication of 25 October 2011 entitled ‘Social Business Initiative — Creating a favourable climate for social enterprises, key stakeholders in the social economy and innovation’.

(3) It is necessary to lay down a common framework of rules regarding the use of the designation ‘EuSEF’ for qualifying social entrepreneurship funds, in particular on the composition of the portfolio of funds that operate under that designation, their eligible investment targets, the investment tools they may employ and the categories of investors that are eligible to invest in them by uniform rules in the Union. In the absence of such a common framework, there is a risk that Member States take diverging measures at national level having a direct negative impact on, and creating obstacles to, the proper functioning of the internal market, since funds that wish to operate across the Union would be subject to different rules in different Member States. Moreover, diverging quality requirements on portfolio composition, investment targets and eligible investors could lead to different levels of investor protection and generate confusion as to the investment proposition associated with qualifying social entrepreneurship funds. Investors should, furthermore, be able to compare the investment propositions of different qualifying social entrepreneurship funds. It is necessary to remove significant obstacles to cross-border fundraising by qualifying social entrepreneurship funds, to avoid distortions of competition between those funds, and to prevent any further likely obstacles to trade and significant distortions of competition from arising in the future. Consequently, the appropriate legal basis for this Regulation is Article 114 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), as interpreted by consistent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

(4) It is necessary to adopt a regulation establishing uniform rules applicable to qualifying social entrepreneurship funds and imposing corresponding obligations on their managers in all Member States that wish to raise capital across the Union using the designation ‘EuSEF’. Those requirements should ensure the confidence of investors that wish to invest in such funds. The regulation should not apply to existing national schemes that allow investment in social businesses and that do not use the designation ‘EuSEF’.

(5) Defining the quality requirements for the use of the designation ‘EuSEF’ in the form of a regulation ensures that those requirements are directly applicable to the managers of collective investment undertakings that raise funds using that designation. This also ensures uniform conditions for the use of the designation by preventing diverging national requirements as a result of the transposition of a directive. Managers of collective investment undertakings that use the designation should follow the same rules across the Union, which will also boost the confidence of investors. This Regulation reduces regulatory complexity and the managers’ costs of compliance with often divergent national rules governing such funds, especially for those managers that want to raise capital on a cross-border basis. It also contributes to eliminating competitive distortions.

(6) It should be possible for a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund to be externally or internally managed. Where a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund is internally managed, the fund is also the manager and should therefore comply with all relevant requirements for managers under this Regulation and be registered in accordance with this Regulation. A qualifying social entrepreneurship fund which is internally managed should not, however, be permitted to be the external manager of other collective investment undertakings or of undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS).

(7) In order to clarify the relationship between this Regulation and other rules on collective investment undertakings and their managers, it is necessary to establish that this Regulation only apply to managers of collective investment undertakings other than UCITS falling within the scope of Directive 2009/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the coordination of laws, regulations, and administrative provisions, relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS)(4), which are established in the Union and are registered with the competent authority in their home Member State in accordance with Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on Alternative Investment Fund Managers(5), provided that those managers manage portfolios of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds. However, external managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds that are registered under this Regulation should also be allowed to manage UCITS, subject to authorisation under Directive 2009/65/EC.

(8) Furthermore, this Regulation applies only to managers of those collective investment undertakings with assets under management that in total do not exceed the threshold referred to in point (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2011/61/EU. The calculation of the threshold for the purposes of this Regulation is the same as for the threshold of point (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2011/61/EU.

(9) However, managers registered in accordance with this Regulation and with assets under management that in total subsequently exceed the threshold referred to in point (b) of Article 3(2) of Directive 2011/61/EU, and that therefore become subject to authorisation with the competent authorities of their home Member State in accordance with Article 6 of that Directive, should be able to continue to use the designation ‘EuSEF’ in relation to the marketing of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds in the Union, provided that they comply with the requirements laid down in that Directive and that they continue to comply with certain requirements for the use of the designation ‘EuSEF’ specified in this Regulation at all times in relation to the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund. This applies both to existing qualifying social entrepreneurship funds and to qualifying social entrepreneurship funds established after exceeding the threshold.

(10) Where managers of collective investment undertakings do not wish to use the designation ‘EuSEF’ then this Regulation does not apply. In those cases, existing national rules and general Union rules should continue to apply.

(11) This Regulation should establish uniform rules on the nature of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds, in particular on qualifying portfolio undertakings into which the qualifying social entrepreneurship funds are to be permitted to invest, and the investment instruments to be used. This is necessary so that a clear demarcation line can be drawn between a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund and alternative investment funds that engage in other, less specialised, investment strategies, for example buyouts, which this Regulation is not seeking to promote.

(12) In order to ensure the necessary clarity and certainty, this Regulation should also lay down uniform criteria to identify social undertakings as qualifying portfolio undertakings. A social undertaking should be defined as an operator in the social economy, the main objective of which is to have a social impact rather than to make a profit for its owners or shareholders. It operates by providing goods and services for the market and uses its profits primarily to achieve social objectives. It is managed in an accountable and transparent manner, in particular, by involving employees, consumers and stakeholders that are affected by its commercial activities.

(13) As the principal objective of social undertakings is to have a positive social impact rather than to maximise profits this Regulation should only promote support for qualifying portfolio undertakings that have the achievement of a measurable and positive social impact as their focus. A measurable and positive social impact could include the provision of services to immigrants who are otherwise excluded, or the reintegration of marginalised groups into the labour market by providing employment, training or other support. Social undertakings use their profits to achieve their primary social objective and are managed in an accountable and transparent way. Where, on an exceptional basis, a qualifying portfolio undertaking wishes to distribute profits to its shareholders and owners, it should have predefined procedures and rules on how profits are to be distributed. Those rules should specify that such distribution of profits does not undermine the primary social objective of the qualifying social portfolio undertaking.

(14) Social undertakings include a large range of undertakings, taking various legal forms, which provide social services or goods to vulnerable, marginalised, disadvantaged or excluded persons. Such services include access to housing, healthcare, assistance for elderly or disabled persons, child care, access to employment and training as well as dependency management. Social undertakings also include undertakings that employ a method of production of goods or services which embodies their social objective, but the activities of which be outside the realm of the provision of social goods or services. Those activities include social and professional integration by means of access to employment for people disadvantaged in particular by insufficient qualifications or social or professional problems leading to exclusion and marginalisation. Those activities may also concern environmental protection with a societal impact, such as anti-pollution, recycling and renewable energy.

(15) In line with the aim of precisely circumscribing the collective investment undertakings which are to be covered by this Regulation and in order to ensure a focus on providing capital to social undertakings, qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should be deemed to be funds that intend to invest at least 70 % of their aggregate capital contributions and uncalled committed capital in such undertakings. Qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should not be permitted to invest more than 30 % of their aggregate capital contributions and uncalled committed capital in assets other than qualifying investments. This means that whereas the 30 % threshold should be the maximum limit for non-qualifying investments at all times, the 70 % threshold should be reserved for qualifying investments during the life of the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund. Those thresholds should be calculated on the basis of amounts investible after deduction of all relevant costs and holdings of cash and cash equivalents. This Regulation should set out the details necessary for the calculation of the referred investment thresholds.

(16) The purpose of this Regulation is to enhance the growth of social undertakings in the Union. Investments in qualifying portfolio undertakings established in third countries can bring more capital to qualifying social entrepreneurship funds and can thereby benefit social undertakings in the Union. However, under no circumstances should this Regulation benefit investments made in portfolio undertakings established in third countries characterised by a lack of appropriate cooperation arrangements between the competent authorities of the home Member State of the manager of the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund and with each other Member State in which the units or shares of the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund are intended to be marketed or by a lack of effective exchange of information in tax matters.

(17) A qualifying social entrepreneurship fund should, as a first step, be established in the Union in order to be entitled to use the designation ‘EuSEF’ as established by this Regulation. The Commission should, within two years of the date of application of this Regulation, review the limitation on the use of the designation ‘EuSEF’ to funds established in the Union, taking into account experience of applying the Commission Recommendation regarding measures intended to encourage third countries to apply minimum standards of good governance in tax matters.

(18) Managers of social entrepreneurship funds should be able to attract additional capital commitments during the life of a fund. Such additional capital commitments during the life of the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund should be taken into account when the next investment in assets other than qualifying assets is contemplated. Additional capital commitments should be permitted in accordance with criteria and subject to conditions set out in the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund’s rules or instruments of incorporation.

(19) Taking into account the specific funding needs of social undertakings, it is necessary to achieve clarity regarding the types of instruments that a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund should use for such funding. Therefore, this Regulation lays down uniform rules on the eligible instruments to be used by a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund when making investments, which include equity and quasi-equity instruments, debt instruments, such as promissory notes and certificates of deposit, investments into other qualifying social entrepreneurship funds, secured or unsecured loans, and grants. To prevent dilution of the investments into qualifying portfolio undertakings, qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should only be permitted to invest in other qualifying social entrepreneurship funds where those other qualifying social entrepreneurship funds have not themselves invested more than 10 % of their aggregate capital contributions and uncalled committed capital into other qualifying social entrepreneurship funds.

(20) The core activities of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds are to provide financing to social undertakings through primary investments. Qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should neither participate in systemically important banking activities outside of the usual prudential regulatory framework (so-called ‘shadow banking’) nor follow typical private equity strategies, such as leveraged buyouts.

(21) To maintain the necessary flexibility in its investment portfolio, qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should be able to invest in assets other than qualifying investments to the extent that those other investments do not exceed the 30 % threshold for non-qualifying investments. Holdings of cash and cash equivalents should not be taken into account for the calculation of that threshold because such holdings are not to be considered as investments. Qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should invest in a manner consistent with their ethical investment strategy, for instance they should not undertake investments that finance the weapons industry, that risk breaches of human rights or that entail electronic waste-dumping.

(22) In order to ensure that the designation ‘EuSEF’ is reliable and easily recognisable for investors across the Union only managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds that comply with the uniform quality criteria as set out in this Regulation should be eligible to use the designation ‘EuSEF’ when marketing qualifying social entrepreneurship funds across the Union.

(23) In order to ensure that qualifying social entrepreneurship funds have a distinct and identifiable profile which is suited to their purpose, there should be uniform rules on the composition of the portfolio and on the investment techniques which are permitted for such funds.

(24) In order to ensure that qualifying social entrepreneurship funds do not contribute to the development of systemic risks, and that such funds concentrate, in their investment activities, on supporting qualifying portfolio undertakings, the use of leverage at the level of the fund should not be permitted. Managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should only be permitted to borrow, issue debt obligations or provide guarantees, at the level of the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund, provided that such borrowings, debt obligations or guarantees are covered by uncalled commitments and thus do not increase the exposure of the fund beyond the level of its committed capital. Cash advances from investors of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds that are fully covered by capital commitments from those investors do not increase the exposure of the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund and should therefore be allowed. Also, in order to permit the fund to cover extraordinary liquidity needs that might arise between a call of committed capital from investors and the actual reception of the capital in its accounts, short-term borrowing should be allowed provided that the amount of such borrowing does not exceed the fund’s uncalled committed capital.

(25) In order to ensure that qualifying social entrepreneurship funds are only marketed to investors who have the experience, knowledge and expertise to make their own investment decisions and properly assess the risks that those funds carry, and in order to maintain investor confidence and trust in qualifying social entrepreneurship funds, certain specific safeguards should be laid down. Therefore, qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should only be marketed to investors who are professional clients or who can be treated as professional clients under Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments(6). However, in order to have a sufficiently broad investor base for investments into qualifying social entrepreneurship funds it is also desirable that certain other investors have access to these funds, including high net worth individuals. For those other investors, specific safeguards should be laid down in order to ensure that qualifying social entrepreneurship funds are only marketed to investors that have the appropriate profile for making such investments. Those safeguards exclude marketing through the use of periodic savings plans. Furthermore, investments made by executives, directors or employees involved in the management of a manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund should be possible when investing in the qualifying social entrepreneurship funds they manage, as such individuals are knowledgeable enough to participate in such investments.

(26) To ensure that only managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds that fulfil uniform quality criteria as regards their behaviour in the market use the designation ‘EuSEF’, there should be rules on the conduct of business and the relationship of those managers with their investors. For the same reason, uniform conditions concerning the handling of conflicts of interest by such managers should be established. Those rules and conditions should also require the manager to have the necessary organisational and administrative arrangements in place to ensure a proper handling of conflicts of interest.

(27) Where a manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund intends to delegate functions to third parties, the manager’s liability towards the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund and the investors therein should not be affected by such delegation of functions to a third party. Moreover, the manager should not delegate functions to the extent that, in essence, it can no longer be considered to be a manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund and has become a letter-box entity. The manager should remain responsible for the proper performance of delegated functions and compliance with this Regulation at all time. The delegation of functions should not undermine the effectiveness of supervision of the manager, and, in particular, should not prevent the manager from acting, or the fund from being managed, in the best interests of its investors.

(28) The creation of positive social impacts in addition to the generation of financial returns for investors is a key characteristic of investment funds targeting social undertakings, one which distinguishes them from other types of investment funds. This Regulation should therefore require that a manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund put in place procedures for measuring the positive social impacts which are to be achieved by investment into qualifying portfolio undertakings.

(29) Currently funds that target social outcomes or impacts typically assess and collate information on the extent to which social undertakings achieve the outcomes or impacts that they are targeting. There are a wide range of different kinds of social outcomes or impacts that a social undertaking might target. Different ways of identifying and measuring the social outcomes or impacts have thereby developed. For instance, a firm that seeks to employ disadvantaged persons may report on the numbers of such persons employed who would not otherwise have been employed and a firm that seeks to improve the rehabilitation of prisoners may assess its performance in terms of recidivism rates. The funds aid the social undertakings in preparing and providing information on their goals and achievements, and gathering it for investors. While information about social outcomes and impacts is very important for investors, it is difficult to compare between different social undertakings and different funds both because of the differences in social outcomes or impacts targeted and because of the variety of approaches. In order to encourage the greatest consistency and comparability of such information in the longer term and the greatest efficiency in the procedures for obtaining the information, delegated acts should be developed in this area. Such delegated acts should also ensure greater clarity for supervisors, qualifying social entrepreneurship funds and social undertakings.

(30) In order to ensure the integrity of the designation ‘EuSEF’, quality criteria as regards the organisation of a manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund should be established. Therefore, uniform, proportionate requirements for the need to maintain adequate technical and human resources should be laid down.

(31) In order to ensure the proper management of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds and the ability of their managers to cover potential risks arising from their activities, uniform, proportionate requirements for managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds to maintain sufficient own funds should be laid down. The amount of such own funds should be sufficient to ensure the continuity and proper management of the qualifying social entrepreneurship funds.

(32) It is necessary for the purpose of investor protection to ensure that the assets of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds are properly evaluated. The rules or instruments of incorporation of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds should therefore contain provisions on the valuation of assets. This should ensure the integrity and the transparency of the valuation.

(33) In order to ensure that managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds which make use of the designation ‘EuSEF’ give sufficient account of their activities, uniform rules on annual reports should be established.

(34) While safeguards are included in this Regulation to ascertain that funds are properly used, supervisory authorities should be vigilant in ensuring that those safeguards are complied with.

(35) To ensure the integrity of the designation ‘EuSEF’ in the eyes of investors, it is necessary that the designation only be used by managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds that are fully transparent as to their investment policy and their investment targets. Uniform rules on disclosure requirements that are incumbent on managers in relation to its investors should therefore be laid down. Those rules should include those elements that are specific to investments into social undertakings, so that greater consistency and comparability of such information can be achieved. This includes information about the criteria and the procedures which are used to select particular qualifying portfolio undertakings as investment targets. This also includes information about the positive social impact to be achieved by the investment policy and how this should be monitored and assessed. To ensure the necessary confidence and the trust of investors in such investments, this further includes information about the assets of the qualifying social entrepreneurship fund which are not invested into qualifying portfolio undertakings and how these are selected.

(36) In order to ensure effective supervision of the uniform requirements contained in this Regulation, the competent authority of the home Member State should supervise compliance of the manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund with the uniform requirements set out in this Regulation. To that end, managers that intend to market their funds under the designation ‘EuSEF’ should inform the competent authority of their home Member State of that intention. The competent authority should register the manager if all necessary information has been provided and if suitable arrangements to comply with the requirements of this Regulation are in place. Such registration should be valid across the entire Union.

(37) In order to facilitate the efficient cross-border marketing of qualifying social entrepreneurship fund, registration of the manager should be effected as quickly as possible.

(38) In order to ensure effective supervision of compliance with the uniform criteria laid down in this Regulation, rules on the circumstances under which information supplied to the competent authority in the home Member State needs to be updated should be established.

(39) For the effective supervision of the requirements laid down in this Regulation, a process for cross-border notifications between the competent supervisory authorities, to be triggered by the registration of a manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund in its home Member State, should also be established.

(40) In order to maintain transparent conditions for the marketing of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds across the Union, the European Supervisory Authority (European Securities and Markets Authority) (‘ESMA’) established by Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council(7) should be entrusted with maintaining a central database listing all managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship fund and the qualifying social entrepreneurship funds that they manage that are registered in accordance with this Regulation.

(41) Where the competent authority of the host Member State has clear and demonstrable grounds for believing that a manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund is acting in breach of this Regulation within its territory, it should promptly inform the competent authority of the home Member State, which should take appropriate measures.

(42) If a manager of a qualifying social entrepreneurship fund persists in acting in a manner that is clearly in conflict with this Regulation despite the measures taken by the competent authority of the home Member State or because the competent authority of the home Member State fails to take measures within a reasonable timeframe, the competent authority of the host Member State should be able, after informing the competent authority of the home Member State, to take all the appropriate measures in order to protect investors, including the possibility of preventing the manager concerned from carrying out any further marketing of its qualifying social entrepreneurship funds within the territory of the host Member State.

(43) In order to ensure the effective supervision of the uniform criteria established, this Regulation contains a list of supervisory powers that competent authorities must have at their disposal.

(44) In order to ensure proper enforcement, this Regulation contains administrative penalties and other measures for the breach of its key provisions, namely the rules on portfolio composition, on safeguards relating to the identity of eligible investors, and on the use of the designation ‘EuSEF’ only by managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds managers that are registered in accordance with this Regulation. A breach of those key provisions should entail, where appropriate, prohibition of the use of the designation and the removal of the manager concerned from the register.

(45) Supervisory information should be exchanged between the competent authorities in the home and host Member States and ESMA.

(46) Effective regulatory cooperation among the entities tasked with supervising compliance with the uniform criteria set out in this Regulation requires that a high level of professional secrecy should apply to all relevant national authorities and to ESMA.

(47) The contribution of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds to the growth of a European market for social investments will depend on the take-up of the designation ‘EuSEF’ by managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds, the recognition of the designation by investors and the development of a strong eco-system for social enterprises across the Union that aids those enterprises in availing themselves of the financing options provided. To that end, all stakeholders, including market operators, competent authorities in Member States, the Commission and other relevant entities within the Union, should endeavour to ensure a high level of awareness of the possibilities presented by this Regulation.

(48) In order to specify the requirements set out in this Regulation, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission in respect of specifying the types of goods and services or methods of production for goods and services embodying a social objective and the circumstances in which profits may be distributed to owners and investors, the types of conflicts of interest managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds need to avoid and the steps to be taken in that respect, the details of the procedures to measure the social impacts to be achieved by the qualifying portfolio undertakings, and the content and procedure for provision of information for investors. It is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level, taking into account self-regulatory initiatives and codes of conduct. The consultations carried out by the Commission during its preparatory work regarding delegated acts on the details of the procedures to measure the social impacts to be achieved by the qualifying portfolio undertakings should involve relevant stakeholders and ESMA. The Commission, when preparing and drawing up delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the European Parliament and to the Council.

(49) Technical standards in financial services should ensure consistent harmonisation and a high level of supervision across the Union. As a body with highly specialised expertise, it would be efficient and appropriate to entrust ESMA with the elaboration of draft implementing technical standards where these do not involve policy choices, for submission to the Commission.

(50) The Commission should be empowered to adopt implementing technical standards by means of implementing acts pursuant to Article 291 TFEU and in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010. ESMA should be entrusted with drafting implementing technical standards for the format of the notification referred to in this Regulation.

(51) Within four years of the date of application of this Regulation, the Commission should carry out a review of this Regulation in order to assess the development of the market of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds across the Union. The review should include a general survey of the functioning of the rules in this Regulation and the experience acquired in applying them. On the basis of the review, the Commission should submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council accompanied, if appropriate, by legislative proposals.

(52) Furthermore, within four years of the date of application of this Regulation, the Commission should start a review of the interaction between this Regulation and other rules on collective investment undertakings and their managers, in particular those of Directive 2011/61/EU. In particular, that review should address the scope of this Regulation assessing whether it is necessary to extend the scope to allow larger alternative investment funds managers to use the designation ‘EuSEF’. On the basis of the review, the Commission should submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council accompanied, if appropriate, by legislative proposals.

(53) In the context of that review, the Commission should evaluate any barriers that may have impeded the uptake of the funds by investors, including the impact on institutional investors of other regulation as may apply to them of a prudential nature. In addition, the Commission should gather data for assessing the contribution of the designation ‘EuSEF’ to other Union programmes such as Horizon 2020, which also seek to support innovation in the Union.

(54) In relation to the Commission’s examination of tax obstacles to cross-border venture capital investments as provided for in the Commission Communication of 7 December 2011 entitled ‘An action plan to improve access to finance for SMEs’ and in the context of its review of this Regulation, the Commission should consider undertaking an equivalent examination of possible tax obstacles for social entrepreneurship funds and assess possible tax incentives aimed at encouraging social entrepreneurship in the Union.

(55) ESMA should assess its staffing and resources needs arising from the assumption of its powers and duties in accordance with this Regulation and submit a report to the European Parliament, to the Council and to the Commission.

(56) This Regulation respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, including the right to respect for private and family life (Article 7) and freedom to conduct a business (Article 16).

(57) Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data(8) governs the processing of personal data carried out in the Member States in the context of this Regulation and under the supervision of the Member States competent authorities, in particular the public independent authorities designated by the Member States. Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data(9), governs the processing of personal data carried out by ESMA within the framework of this Regulation and under the supervision of the European Data Protection Supervisor.

(58) Since the objective of this Regulation, namely to develop an internal market for qualifying social entrepreneurship funds by laying down a framework for the registration of managers of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds, thereby facilitating the marketing of qualifying social entrepreneurship funds throughout the Union, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore, by reason of its scale and effects, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective,

HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

(1)

OJ C 175, 19.6.2012, p. 11.

(2)

OJ C 229, 31.7.2012, p. 55.

(3)

Position of the European Parliament of 12 March 2013 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of 21 March 2013.

(4)

OJ L 302, 17.11.2009, p. 32.

(5)

OJ L 174, 1.7.2011, p. 1.

(6)

OJ L 145, 30.4.2004, p. 1.

(7)

OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 84.

(8)

OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31.

(9)

OJ L 8, 12.1.2001, p. 1.