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Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/749 of 4 June 2020 amending Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for chlorate in or on certain products (Text with EEA relevance)
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THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC(1), and in particular Article 14(1)(a) and Article 16(1)(a) thereof,
Whereas:
(1) According to Commission Decision 2008/865/EC(2) all authorisations for plant protection products containing chlorate have been revoked following the non-inclusion of chlorate in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC(3).
(2) No specific maximum residue levels (MRLs) have been set for chlorate and, as this substance has not been included in Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, currently the default MRL of 0,01 mg/kg applies to all food and feed commodities included in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.
(3) Apart from its former use in plant protection products, chlorate is also a substance that is formed as by-product resulting from the use of chlorine disinfectants in food and drinking water processing. These uses lead to the current situation of detectable residues of chlorate in food.
(4) The European Food Safety Authority (‘the Authority’) collected between 2014 and 2018 monitoring data to investigate the presence of residues of chlorate in food and drinking water. Those data indicated that chlorate residues are present at levels that frequently exceed the default MRL of 0,01 mg/kg and that the levels vary depending on the source and the product. It follows from those findings that even if good practices are used, it is currently not possible to achieve levels of chlorate residues compliant with the current MRL of 0,01 mg/kg.
(5) The Authority adopted a scientific opinion concerning the risks for public health related to the presence of chlorate in food(4). In that opinion the Authority established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 3 μg/kg body weight per day and an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 36 μg/kg body weight. The Authority concluded that based on the data collected in 2014 the acute dietary exposure to chlorate did not exceed the ARfD. The mean dietary exposures to chlorate in European countries exceeded the TDI in certain subgroups of the population such as infants and young children with mild to moderate iodine deficiency.
(6) In order to bring chlorate levels down and reduce exposure through coordinated action in several relevant and related sectors, a multi-disciplinary action plan was agreed by the Member States in 2017 comprising a set of actions to be taken in parallel, including actions on drinking water, hygiene, and the setting of temporary maximum residue levels for food and feed.
(7) This Regulation addresses the setting of temporary maximum levels in food. For this purpose a large number of occurrence data was collected between 2014 and 2018, both by Member States and by food business operators. The data shows a general trend towards decreasing levels, suggesting that manufacturing practices have already improved to a certain extent. In the specific case of chlorate, for which residues do not stem from pesticide use but result from use of chlorine-based solutions in food processing and drinking water treatment, maximum levels should be set at levels which are ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA principle) by following good manufacturing practices while ensuring at the same time that good hygiene practices remain possible. This approach ensures that food business operators apply measures to prevent and reduce the chlorate levels in food as far as possible in order to protect public health, but also take into account the need for microbiological safety of food.
(8) Temporary MRLs for chlorate according to the ALARA principle are based on the 95th percentile of the occurrence data, taking into account the use of legitimately treated drinking water in food processing.The temporary MRLs should be reviewed at the latest within five years of publication of this Regulation in the light of possible developments in the area of hygiene, of drinking water, further progress made by food business operators to bring chlorate levels down,or whenever new information and data become available that would warrant an earlier review.
(9) The Commission consulted the European Union reference laboratories on appropriate limits of determination (LODs) for chlorate residues in certain specific commodties.
(10) Based on the scientific opinion of the Authority and taking into account the factors relevant to the matter under consideration, the proposed MRLs fulfil the requirements of Article 14(2) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005.
(11) Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 should therefore be amended accordingly.
(12) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 is amended in accordance with the Annex to this Regulation.
The temporary MRLs for chlorate shall be reviewed not later than 8 June 2025.
This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 4 June 2020.
For the Commission
The President
Ursula von der Leyen
In Part A of Annex III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 the following column for chlorate is added:
(*) Limit of analytical determination | ||
(a) For the complete list of products of plant and animal origin to which MRLs apply, reference should be made to Annex I. | ||
Chlorate (A) | ||
(A) To take into account the specific situation of chlorate residues, in processed food (including for the purpose of this Regulation foodstuffs that have been derived using processes listed in Article 2(1)(n) of Regulation (EC) No 852/2004), that has come in contact with products containing chlorate residues, or that contains ingredients with such residues, such as processing aids or drinking water, used in compliance with the respective legal requirements, these additional contributions of chlorate residues should be taken into account when determining the permitted content of chlorate residues in or on the processed food products in accordance with Article 20 (1) of this Regulation. The burden of proof regarding the level of those additional contributions lies with the food and feed business operator. | ||
(+) Includes raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk for the manufacture of milk-based products as defined in Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013. The MRL applies to milk ready for use (marketed as such or reconstituted as instructed by the manufacturer) 1020010 Cattle | ||
(+) Includes raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk for the manufacture of milk-based products. The MRL applies to milk ready for use (marketed as such or reconstituted as instructed by the manufacturer) 1020020 Sheep 1020030 Goat 1020040 Horse’ | ||
Code number | Groups and examples of individual products to which the MRLs apply (a) | Chlorate (A) |
---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) |
0100000 |
| |
0110000 |
| 0,05 |
0110010 |
| |
0110020 |
| |
0110030 |
| |
0110040 |
| |
0110050 |
| |
0110990 |
| |
0120000 |
| 0,1 |
0120010 |
| |
0120020 |
| |
0120030 |
| |
0120040 |
| |
0120050 |
| |
0120060 |
| |
0120070 |
| |
0120080 |
| |
0120090 |
| |
0120100 |
| |
0120110 |
| |
0120990 |
| |
0130000 |
| 0,05 |
0130010 |
| |
0130020 |
| |
0130030 |
| |
0130040 |
| |
0130050 |
| |
0130990 |
| |
0140000 |
| 0,05 |
0140010 |
| |
0140020 |
| |
0140030 |
| |
0140040 |
| |
0140990 |
| |
0150000 |
| 0,05 |
0151000 | (a) grapes | |
0151010 |
| |
0151020 |
| |
0152000 | (b) strawberries | |
0153000 | (c) cane fruits | |
0153010 |
| |
0153020 |
| |
0153030 |
| |
0153990 |
| |
0154000 | (d) other small fruits and berries | |
0154010 |
| |
0154020 |
| |
0154030 |
| |
0154040 |
| |
0154050 |
| |
0154060 |
| |
0154070 |
| |
0154080 |
| |
0154990 |
| |
0160000 |
| |
0161000 | (a) edible peel | |
0161010 |
| 0,3 |
0161020 |
| 0,3 |
0161030 |
| 0,7 |
0161040 |
| 0,3 |
0161050 |
| 0,3 |
0161060 |
| 0,3 |
0161070 |
| 0,3 |
0161990 |
| 0,3 |
0162000 | (b) inedible peel, small | 0,3 |
0162010 |
| |
0162020 |
| |
0162030 |
| |
0162040 |
| |
0162050 |
| |
0162060 |
| |
0162990 |
| |
0163000 | (c) inedible peel, large | 0,3 |
0163010 |
| |
0163020 |
| |
0163030 |
| |
0163040 |
| |
0163050 |
| |
0163060 |
| |
0163070 |
| |
0163080 |
| |
0163090 |
| |
0163100 |
| |
0163110 |
| |
0163990 |
| |
0200000 |
| |
0210000 |
| |
0211000 | (a) potatoes | 0,05 |
0212000 | (b) tropical root and tuber vegetables | 0,05 |
0212010 |
| |
0212020 |
| |
0212030 |
| |
0212040 |
| |
0212990 |
| |
0213000 | (c) other root and tuber vegetables except sugar beets | 0,15 |
0213010 |
| |
0213020 |
| |
0213030 |
| |
0213040 |
| |
0213050 |
| |
0213060 |
| |
0213070 |
| |
0213080 |
| |
0213090 |
| |
0213100 |
| |
0213110 |
| |
0213990 |
| |
0220000 |
| |
0220010 |
| 0,7 |
0220020 |
| 0,5 |
0220030 |
| 0,5 |
0220040 |
| 0,5 |
0220990 |
| 0,05 |
0230000 |
| |
0231000 | (a) Solanaceae and Malvaceae | |
0231010 |
| 0,1 |
0231020 |
| 0,3 |
0231030 |
| 0,4 |
0231040 |
| 0,1 |
0231990 |
| 0,1 |
0232000 | (b) cucurbits with edible peel | 0,2 |
0232010 |
| |
0232020 |
| |
0232030 |
| |
0232990 |
| |
0233000 | (c) cucurbits with inedible peel | 0,08 |
0233010 |
| |
0233020 |
| |
0233030 |
| |
0233990 |
| |
0234000 | (d) sweet corn | 0,1 |
0239000 | (e) other fruiting vegetables | 0,1 |
0240000 |
| |
0241000 | (a) flowering brassica | |
0241010 |
| 0,4 |
0241020 |
| 0,06 |
0241990 |
| 0,06 |
0242000 | (b) head brassica | 0,07 |
0242010 |
| |
0242020 |
| |
0242990 |
| |
0243000 | (c) leafy brassica | |
0243010 |
| 0,06 |
0243020 |
| 0,2 |
0243990 |
| 0,06 |
0244000 | (d) kohlrabies | 0,06 |
0250000 |
| 0,7 |
0251000 | (a) lettuces and salad plants | |
0251010 |
| |
0251020 |
| |
0251030 |
| |
0251040 |
| |
0251050 |
| |
0251060 |
| |
0251070 |
| |
0251080 |
| |
0251990 |
| |
0252000 | (b) spinaches and similar leaves | |
0252010 |
| |
0252020 |
| |
0252030 |
| |
0252990 |
| |
0253000 | (c) grape leaves and similar species | |
0254000 | (d) watercresses | |
0255000 | (e) witloofs/Belgian endives | |
0256000 | (f) herbs and edible flowers | |
0256010 |
| |
0256020 |
| |
0256030 |
| |
0256040 |
| |
0256050 |
| |
0256060 |
| |
0256070 |
| |
0256080 |
| |
0256090 |
| |
0256100 |
| |
0256990 |
| |
0260000 |
| 0,35 |
0260010 |
| |
0260020 |
| |
0260030 |
| |
0260040 |
| |
0260050 |
| |
0260990 |
| |
0270000 |
| 0,25 |
0270010 |
| |
0270020 |
| |
0270030 |
| |
0270040 |
| |
0270050 |
| |
0270060 |
| |
0270070 |
| |
0270080 |
| |
0270090 |
| |
0270990 |
| |
0280000 |
| |
0280010 |
| 0,7 |
0280020 |
| 0,7 |
0280990 |
| 0,05 |
0290000 |
| 0,05 |
0300000 |
| 0,35 |
0300010 |
| |
0300020 |
| |
0300030 |
| |
0300040 |
| |
0300990 |
| |
0400000 |
| |
0401000 |
| 0,05 |
0401010 |
| |
0401020 |
| |
0401030 |
| |
0401040 |
| |
0401050 |
| |
0401060 |
| |
0401070 |
| |
0401080 |
| |
0401090 |
| |
0401100 |
| |
0401110 |
| |
0401120 |
| |
0401130 |
| |
0401140 |
| |
0401150 |
| |
0401990 |
| |
0402000 |
| 0,7 |
0402010 |
| |
0402020 |
| |
0402030 |
| |
0402040 |
| |
0402990 |
| |
0500000 |
| 0,05 |
0500010 |
| |
0500020 |
| |
0500030 |
| |
0500040 |
| |
0500050 |
| |
0500060 |
| |
0500070 |
| |
0500080 |
| |
0500090 |
| |
0500990 |
| |
0600000 |
| 0,05 |
0610000 |
| |
0620000 |
| |
0630000 |
| |
0631000 | (a) flowers | |
0631010 |
| |
0631020 |
| |
0631030 |
| |
0631040 |
| |
0631050 |
| |
0631990 |
| |
0632000 | (b) leaves and herbs | |
0632010 |
| |
0632020 |
| |
0632030 |
| |
0632990 |
| |
0633000 | (c) roots | |
0633010 |
| |
0633020 |
| |
0633990 |
| |
0639000 | (d) any other parts of the plant | |
0640000 |
| |
0650000 |
| |
0700000 |
| 0,05 |
0800000 |
| |
0810000 |
| 0,07 |
0810010 |
| |
0810020 |
| |
0810030 |
| |
0810040 |
| |
0810050 |
| |
0810060 |
| |
0810070 |
| |
0810080 |
| |
0810090 |
| |
0810990 |
| |
0820000 |
| 0,07 |
0820010 |
| |
0820020 |
| |
0820030 |
| |
0820040 |
| |
0820050 |
| |
0820060 |
| |
0820070 |
| |
0820080 |
| |
0820990 |
| |
0830000 |
| 0,07 |
0830010 |
| |
0830990 |
| |
0840000 |
| |
0840010 |
| 0,07 |
0840020 |
| |
0840030 |
| 0,07 |
0840040 |
| |
0840990 |
| 0,07 |
0850000 |
| 0,07 |
0850010 |
| |
0850020 |
| |
0850990 |
| |
0860000 |
| 0,07 |
0860010 |
| |
0860990 |
| |
0870000 |
| 0,07 |
0870010 |
| |
0870990 |
| |
0900000 |
| 0,05 |
0900010 |
| |
0900020 |
| |
0900030 |
| |
0900990 |
| |
1000000 |
| |
1010000 |
| |
1011000 | (a) swine | |
1011010 |
| 0,05 |
1011020 |
| 0,1(*) |
1011030 |
| 0,05 |
1011040 |
| 0,05 |
1011050 |
| 0,05 |
1011990 |
| 0,05 |
1012000 | (b) bovine | |
1012010 |
| 0,05 |
1012020 |
| 0,1(*) |
1012030 |
| 0,05 |
1012040 |
| 0,05 |
1012050 |
| 0,05 |
1012990 |
| 0,05 |
1013000 | (c) sheep | |
1013010 |
| 0,05 |
1013020 |
| 0,1(*) |
1013030 |
| 0,05 |
1013040 |
| 0,05 |
1013050 |
| 0,05 |
1013990 |
| 0,05 |
1014000 | d) goat | |
1014010 |
| 0,05 |
1014020 |
| 0,1(*) |
1014030 |
| 0,05 |
1014040 |
| 0,05 |
1014050 |
| 0,05 |
1014990 |
| 0,05 |
1015000 | (e) equine | |
1015010 |
| 0,05 |
1015020 |
| 0,1(*) |
1015030 |
| 0,05 |
1015040 |
| 0,05 |
1015050 |
| 0,05 |
1015990 |
| 0,05 |
1016000 | (f) poultry | |
1016010 |
| 0,05 |
1016020 |
| 0,1(*) |
1016030 |
| 0,05 |
1016040 |
| 0,05 |
1016050 |
| 0,05 |
1016990 |
| 0,05 |
1017000 | (g) other farmed terrestrial animals | |
1017010 |
| 0,05 |
1017020 |
| 0,1(*) |
1017030 |
| 0,05 |
1017040 |
| 0,05 |
1017050 |
| 0,05 |
1017990 |
| 0,05 |
1020000 |
| 0,1 |
1020010 |
| (+) |
1020020 |
| (+) |
1020030 |
| (+) |
1020040 |
| (+) |
1020990 |
| |
1030000 |
| 0,05 |
1030010 |
| |
1030020 |
| |
1030030 |
| |
1030040 |
| |
1030990 |
| |
1040000 |
| 0,05(*) |
1050000 |
| 0,05 |
1060000 |
| 0,05 |
1070000 |
| 0,05 |
1100000 |
| |
1200000 |
| |
1300000 |
|
Commission Decision 2008/865/EC of 10 November 2008 concerning the non-inclusion of chlorate in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing that substance (OJ L 307, 18.11.2008, p. 7).
Council Directive 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market (OJ L 230, 19.8.1991, p. 1).
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. Scientific opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of chlorate in food. EFSA Journal 2015;13(6):4135, 103 pp.
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