The Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981

Changes over time for: Section 98

Alternative versions:

Changes to legislation:

The Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981, Section 98 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 04 December 2024. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations.

Changes to Legislation

Revised legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date. Changes and effects are recorded by our editorial team in lists which can be found in the ‘Changes to Legislation’ area. Where those effects have yet to be applied to the text of the legislation by the editorial team they are also listed alongside the legislation in the affected provisions. Use the ‘more’ link to open the changes and effects relevant to the provision you are viewing.

View outstanding changes

Changes and effects yet to be applied to Article 98:

Act amended by 1996 c. 25 s.79 Sch.4 para 30
Act amended by 1996 c. 25 s.79 Sch.4 para 30
Sch.6 Pt.I para.5 revoked by S.I. 1995/756 art.15 Sch.
Instrument am (prosp) by S.I. 1994/2795 (N.I.) arts.3(4) 25
Instrument am (prosp) by S.I. 1994/2795 (N.I.) art.3(5) Sch.1
Instrument am (prosp) by S.I. 1994/2795 (N.I.) art.5(2)
Instrument mod (prosp) by 1994 c. 33 s. 91(3)
Order power to modify conferred by 2015 c. 9 (N.I.) s. 24(5)(a) (see s 24(6))
Instrument revoked by 1998 c. 41 s.74(1)(3) Sch.12 para.5 Sch.14 Pt.I
art. 29A excluded by 1975 c. 59, s. 4(3) (as substituted) by 2015 c. 9 (N.I.) s. 7(6)
art. 29A inserted by 2015 c. 9 (N.I.) s. 7(2)
art. 34(1A)-(1E) inserted by 2015 c. 9 (N.I.) s. 8(2)
art. 140(2ZA) inserted by 2016 c. 18 (N.I.) Sch. 10 para. 16

Changes and effects yet to be applied to the whole Order associated Parts and Chapters:

Act amended by 1996 c. 25 s.79 Sch.4 para 30
Act amended by 1996 c. 25 s.79 Sch.4 para 30
Order power to modify conferred by 2015 c. 9 (N.I.) s. 24(5)(a) (see s 24(6))

Whole provisions yet to be inserted into this Order (including any effects on those provisions):

Sch.6 Pt.I para.5 revoked by S.I. 1995/756 art.15 Sch.
art. 29A excluded by 1975 c. 59, s. 4(3) (as substituted) by 2015 c. 9 (N.I.) s. 7(6)
art. 29A inserted by 2015 c. 9 (N.I.) s. 7(2)
art. 34(1A)-(1E) inserted by 2015 c. 9 (N.I.) s. 8(2)
art. 140(2ZA) inserted by 2016 c. 18 (N.I.) Sch. 10 para. 16

Enforcement of orders for periodical payment of moneyN.I.

98.—(1) Where an order to which this Article applies is made by a court of summary jurisdiction directing the periodical payment of money and default is made in such payment or part of it or in payment of any costs awarded on the making of such order, a resident magistrate or other justice of the peace may upon complaint made to him at any time after the expiration of fourteen days from the date of such default and before the expiration of three years from that date—

(a)issue a summons for the appearance of the person by whom such payments are to be made before a court of summary jurisdiction F1...; or

(b)by warrant cause such person to be brought before a resident magistrate F2....

[F3(1A) The power in paragraph (1) is exercisable at any time after the expiration of 14 days, and before the expiration of 3 years, from the date of default, or the expiration of any longer limitation period under the law of the State of origin in relation to a maintenance order which falls to be enforced by a court of summary jurisdiction [F4by virtue of

F5(a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]]

[F6(b)the Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and other forms of Family Maintenance done at The Hague on 23rd November 2007; or

(c)Part 1 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982.]

(2) A warrant shall not be issued under paragraph (1) unless the complaint is in writing and substantiated on oath.

(3) Where a person has been taken into custody in pursuance of a warrant issued under paragraph (1) for the purpose of causing him to be brought before a resident magistrate he shall, if it will not be practicable to bring him before a resident magistrate within twenty-four hours after he was so taken into custody, be brought, as soon as practicable, before a justice of the peace who may, if he thinks fit, discharge such person upon his entering into a recognizance for a reasonable amount to appear before a resident magistrate at the time and place named in the recognizance; but where such person is not so discharged the justice of the peace shall commit him to prison and direct that he shall be brought before a resident magistrate as soon as practicable thereafter and in any case not later than eight days from the date of such commitment.

(4) Without prejudice to paragraph (5), upon the appearance of a person summoned before a court of summary jurisdiction or on proof that the summons was duly served on him, the court, or where a person is brought before a resident magistrate pursuant to a warrant issued under paragraph (1), the resident magistrate—

(a)may by order direct that any sum appearing to be due by reason of such default, together with the costs attending the issue and service of the summons, or the warrant, apprehension and bringing up of such person, as the case may be, and the making of the order and all reasonable charges of the distress shall be recovered by distress; and, in addition;

(b)may order that such person be detained and kept in custody, or, if he is not present that he be arrested and kept in custody until the day appointed for the return of the warrant of distress (not being later than a period of eight days commencing with the day after than on which the warrant is issued) unless he enters into a recognizance to the satisfaction of the court or magistrate for his appearance before the court or magistrate on that day.

(5) Upon the appearance of a person or proof of service of the summons on him as mentioned in paragraph (4), the court or residence magistrate may—

(a)instead of making an order under sub-paragraph (a) of that paragraph make an order committing the person to prison until the sum and costs in question are paid; or

(b)as well as making an order under that sub-paragraph make an order committing him to prison in default of sufficient distress until so much of the sum and costs as is not defrayed by the distress, and all reasonable charges of the distress, are paid;

and may issue a warrant to enforce the order of commitment.

(6) For the purpose of this Article—

(a)where it appears on the return to a warrant of distress that the money and goods of the person are insufficient to satisfy the sum and costs in question together with the costs of levying the sum, the court or resident magistrate may issue a warrant of commitment;

(b)where the court or resident magistrate has issued a warrant of commitment in the first instance in default of payment of the sum and costs in question and it is found impossible to execute the warrant, a warrant of distress may be issued.

(7) The court or a resident magistrate[F7 shall not] make an order of commitment under paragraph (5), or issue a warrant of commitment under paragraph (6)(a), unless it or he is satisfied that the default[F7 is due] to the wilful refusal or culpable neglect of the person who is liable to pay the sum and costs in question and the charges of distress, if any[F7 and without prejudice to the preceding provisions of this paragraph, the court shall not make such an order or issue such a warrant—

(a)in a case where the court has power to do so, if it is of the opinion that it is appropriate—

(i)to make an attachment of earnings order; or

(ii)to order that payments under the order be made by any method of payment falling within Article 85(7); or

(b)where the sum in question comprises only interest which that person has been ordered to pay under Article 86A(1).]

(8) The term for which a person is committed to prison on any occasion by an order under paragraph (5), or a warrant issued under paragraph (6)(a), in default of payment of a sum (including any costs and charges) shall not exceed the period mentioned in Schedule 3 in relation to that sum and, in any event, shall not exceed six weeks.

[F7(8A) The commitment to prison of a person under paragraph (5) or (6)(a) shall not operate to discharge him from liability to pay the sum in respect of which the order or commitment was made or the warrant of commitment was issued; but where a person has been imprisoned under an order of commitment made in respect of his failure to pay any sum, then, notwithstanding anything in this Order, no such order shall be made in respect of that sum or any part of it.]

[F7(8B) Upon the appearance of a person or proof of service of the summons on him as mentioned in paragraph (4) for the enforcement of an order to which this Article applies, the court or resident magistrate may vary the order by exercising one of the powers under sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) of Article 85(3).

(8C) Paragraphs (5), (6) and (8) of Article 85 shall apply for the purposes of paragraph (8) as they apply for the purposes of that Article.

(8D) Paragraphs (8B) and (8C) shall not have effect in relation to an order which is not a qualifying maintenance order (within the meaning of Article 85).]

(9) Where a person is committed to prison under this Article for failure to pay a sum due under an order to which this Article applies, then, unless the court or resident magistrate who commits him otherwise directs, no arrears shall accrue under the order while he is in custody.

(10) Where on an application to enforce the payment of any sum due under an order for periodical payment to which this Article applies, no order of commitment is made, the application may be renewed at any time on the ground that the circumstances of the person from whom the payment is due have changed.

(11) This Article shall apply to the following orders for the periodical payment of money—

(a)maintenance orders made outside the United Kingdom and registered in a court of summary jurisdiction in Northern Ireland under the Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 1920 or confirmed by such a court under that Act;

(b)maintenance orders made outside the United Kingdom and registered in a court of summary jurisdiction in [F8Northern Ireland under

(i)]Part I of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) [F9Act 1972,

(ii)][F10Part I of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments] [F11Act 1982,

(iii)][F12Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters [F13, as amended from time to time and as applied by the Agreement made on 19th October 2005 between the European Community and the Kingdom of Denmark on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters];] [F14or

(iv)the Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and other forms of Family Maintenance done at The Hague on 23rd November 2007;]

F15(bb). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c)affiliation orders under the Illegitimate Children (Affiliation Orders) Act (Northern Ireland) 1924 whether as originally enacted or as applied or extended by or for the purposes of any other enactment;

(d)maintenance orders made in another part of the United Kingdom and registered in a court of summary jurisdiction in Northern Ireland under Part II of the Maintenance Orders Act 1950[F10 or under section 36 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982];

(e)orders registered in a court of summary jurisdiction under Part II of the Maintenance and Affiliation Orders Act (Northern Ireland) 1966F16;

(f)contribution orders under Part X of the Children and Young Persons Act (Northern Ireland) 1968;

[F17(ff)orders registered in a court of summary jurisdiction under Part II of the Maintenance Orders (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act 1972;]

(g)orders under Article 101 of the Health and Personal Social Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1972;

(h)orders under Article 23 of the Supplementary Benefits (Northern Ireland) Order 1977[F18 or section 101 of the Social Security Administration (Northern Ireland) Act 1992];

(i)orders for the periodical payment of money under the Domestic Proceedings (Northern Ireland) Order 1980[F19 or Schedule 16 to the Civil Partnership Act 2004].

[F17(j)contribution orders under Article 41(2) of the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995,]

[F20(k)section 113 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999.]

[F7so, however, that in the case of orders mentioned in sub-paragraph[F17 (a), (b), (d) or (ff)], this Article shall apply subject to any modifications specified in the statutory provision mentioned in that sub-paragraph.]

(12) The provisions of this Article shall have effect in lieu of any other provision for the enforcement before a court of summary jurisdiction of orders to which this Article applies.

[F21(13) Paragraph (12) is subject to—

F22(a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b)Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22nd December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.]

[F23(c)the Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and other forms of Family Maintenance done at The Hague on 23rd November 2007; and

(d)Part 1 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgements Act 1982.]

F1Words in art. 98(1)(a) repealed (31.10.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), s. 106(2), Sch. 1 para. 86(21)(a), Sch. 9 Pt. 1 (with Sch. 8 para. 1); S.R. 2016/387, art. 2(k)(m) (with art. 3)

F2Words in art. 98(1)(b) repealed (31.10.2016) by Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2015 (c. 9), s. 106(2), Sch. 1 para. 86(21)(b), Sch. 9 Pt. 1 (with Sch. 8 para. 1); S.R. 2016/387, art. 2(k)(m) (with art. 3)

F3Art. 98(1A) inserted (18.6.2011) by Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments (Maintenance) Regulations 2011 (S.I. 2011/1484), reg. 9, Sch. 7 para. 20(8)

F4Words in art. 98(1A) substituted (1.8.2014) by The International Recovery of Maintenance (Hague Convention 2007 etc.) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012 (S.R. 2012/413), reg. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 2(5)(a)(i)

F5Art. 98(1A)(a) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Jurisdiction and Judgments (Family) (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/519), reg. 1(1), Sch. para. 10(5)(a) (with reg. 8) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1574, regs. 1, 5(2)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)