The Import and Export Restrictions (Foot-And-Mouth Disease) (No. 5) Regulations 2001

Statutory Instruments

2001 No. 1366

ANIMALS, ENGLAND

ANIMAL HEALTH

The Import and Export Restrictions (Foot-And-Mouth Disease) (No. 5) Regulations 2001

Made

4th April 2001

Laid before Parliament

5th April 2001

Coming into force

4th April 2001

The Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, being designatedM1 for the purposes of section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972M2 in relation to the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Community, in exercise of the powers conferred on him by that section, and of all other powers enabling him in that behalf, makes the following Regulations:

Marginal Citations

M1 S.I. 1972/1811.

M2 1972 c. 68.

Title, commencement, extent and cessation E+W

1.—(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Import and Export Restrictions (Foot-and-Mouth Disease) (No. 5) Regulations 2001; they extend to England and come into force at 11.45 p.m. on 4th April 2001.

(2) These Regulations shall apply until midnight on 19th April 2001.

Interpretation E+W

2.  In these Regulations, unless the context other requires—

• “the Decision” means Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom and repealing Decision 2001/145/EC M3 as amended by Commission Decision 2001/190/EC M4 , Commission Decision 2001/209/EC M5 , Commission Decision 2001/239/EC M6 , and Commission Decision 2001/268/EC M6 ;

• “export” means export outside the British Islands;

• “inspector” means a person appointed by the Minister or a local authority to be an inspector for the purposes of these Regulations, the Animals and Animal Products (Import and Export) Regulations 2000 M7 or the Products of Animal Origin (Import and Export) Regulations 1996 M8 and includes a veterinary inspector;

• “HACCP” means Hazard Analysis at Critical Control Points, which is a system in which the critical points of the manufacturing process have been identified, assessments have been made of the potential risks at those points, and necessary steps have been taken to minimise those risks;

• “local authority” means—

  (a)

  where there is, within the meaning of the Local Government Changes for England Regulations 1994 M9 , a unitary authority for that local government area, that authority;

  (b)

  where there is not a unitary authority—

  (i)

  in a metropolitan district, the council of that district;

  (ii)

  in a non-metropolitan county, the council of that county;

  (iii)

  in each London borough (except in relation to imported animals) the council of that borough; or

  (iv)

  in the City of London, and for all London boroughs in relation to imported animals, the Common Council;

• “meat products” means meat products as defined in Article 2 of Council Directive 77/99/EEC on health problems affecting the production and marketing of meat products and certain other products of animal origin M10 ;

• “Minister” means the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food;

• “milk” and “milk products” have the meaning given in Article 2 of Council Directive 92/46/EC (laying down the health rules for the production and placing on the market of raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk-based products M11 ;

• “restricted area of Northern Ireland” means the district of Newry and Mourne in County Armagh;

• “veterinary inspector” means a person appointed as a veterinary inspector by the Minister.

Marginal Citations

M3 OJ No. L62, 2.3.2001, p. 22.

M4 OJ No. L67, 9.3.2001, p. 88.

M5 OJ No. L76, 16.3.2001, p. 35.

M6 OJ No. L86, 27.3.2001, p. 33.

M7 S.I. 2000/1673.

M8 1996/3124.

M9 S.I. 1994/867.

M10 OJ No. L26, 31.1.1977, p. 85 as last amended by Directive 92/45/EEC (OJ No. L268, 14.9.1992, p. 35).

M11 OJ No. L268, 14.9.92, p. 1 as last amended by Council Directive 94/71/EC (OJ No. L368, 31.12.94, p. 33).

Import and export of live animals E+W

3.—(1) No person shall export any live animal of the bovine, ovine, caprine or porcine species or any other biungulate.

(2) By way of derogation from the preceding paragraph, the Minister may by licence in writing authorise the export of biungulate animals originating outside the United Kingdom if the animals travelled through the United Kingdom in direct and uninterrupted transit on main roads or by rail or sea.

(3) No person shall import any live animal of species susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease into England from another member State.

Export of fresh meat E+W

4.—(1) No person shall export any fresh meat of animals of the bovine, ovine, caprine or porcine species or other biungulate.

(2) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply in relation to—

(a) fresh meat obtained before 1st February 2001, provided that the meat is clearly identified and since that date has been transported and stored separately from meat which is not destined for dispatch outside the United Kingdom; or

(b) fresh meat obtained from cutting plants under the following conditions—

(i) the only meat processed in the establishment is fresh meat described in sub-paragraph (a); fresh meat from animals reared outside Great Britain or the restricted area of Northern Ireland, transported directly and under official control in sealed means of transport to a slaughterhouse for immediate slaughter; or fresh meat from animals reared and slaughtered outside Great Britain or the restricted area of Northern Ireland;

(ii) all the meat must bear the health mark in accordance with Chapter XI of Annex I to Council Directive 64/433/EEC (on health problems affecting the productions and marketing of meat products and certain other products of animal origin M12 ;

(iii) the plant is operated under strict veterinary control; and

(iv) the meat is clearly identified and transported and stored separately from meat which is not destined for export.

(3) Meat consigned to another member State shall be accompanied by an official certificate prepared by the Minister and signed by a person appointed as an officer of the kind specified in the certificate which bears the following words—

“Meat conforming to Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom”.

Marginal Citations

M12 OJ No. 121, 27.9.1964, p. 2012/64; Directive updated by Directive 91/497/EEC (OJ No. L268, 24.9.1991, p. 69) as last amended by Directive 95/23/EC (OJ No. L243, 11.10.1995, p. 7).

Export of meat products E+W

5.—(1) No person shall export meat products of animals of the bovine, ovine, caprine or porcine species or any other biungulate coming from the United Kingdom.

(2) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply to meat products which have undergone one of the treatments laid down in Article 4(1) of Council Directive 80/215/EEC (on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in meat products M13 ), or to meat products as defined in Council Directive 77/99/EEC which have been subjected during preparation uniformly throughout the substance to a pH value of less than 6.

(3) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply to—

(a) meat products prepared before 1st February 2001, provided that the meat products are clearly identified and since that date have been transported and stored separately from meat products which are not destined for export; or

(b) meat products prepared in establishments under the following conditions—

(i) all fresh meat used in the establishment must conform to the conditions in regulation 4(2);

(ii) all meat products used in the final product must conform to the conditions in sub-paragraph (a) or be made from fresh meat obtained from animals reared and slaughtered outside Great Britain or the restricted area of Northern Ireland;

(iii) all meat products must bear the health mark in accordance with Chapter VI of Annex B to Directive 77/99/EEC;

(iv) the establishment must be operated under strict veterinary control; and

(v) the meat products must be clearly identified and transported and stored separately from meat and other meat products which are not destined for export.

(4) Meat products consigned to another member State shall be accompanied by an official certificate prepared by the Minister and signed by a person appointed as an officer of the kind specified in the certificate which bears the following words—

“Meat products conforming to Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom”.

(5) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to meat products which conform to the requirements of paragraph (2) if such compliance is stated in the commercial document accompanying the consignment, endorsed in accordance with regulation 12, and the products either—

(a) are consigned in hermetically sealed containers, or

(b) have been processed in an establishment operating HACCP and an auditable standard operating procedure which ensures that standards for treatment are met and recorded.

Marginal Citations

M13 OJ No. L47, 21.2.1980, p. 4.

Export of milk E+W

6.—(1) No person shall export milk.

(2) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply to a milk which has been subjected to at least—

(a) an initial pasteurisation in accordance with the norms defined in paragraph 3(b) of Chapter 1 in Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC (laying down animal health and public health requirements governing trade in and imports into the Community of products not subject to the said requirements laid down in specific Community rules referred to in Annex A(I) to Directive 1989/662/EEC and, as regards pathogens, to Directive 1990/425/EEC M14 ) followed by a second heat treatment by high temperature pasteurisation, UHT sterilisation or by a drying process which includes a heat treatment with an equivalent effect to one of the above; or

(b) an initial pasteurisation in accordance with the norms defined in paragraph 3(b) of Chapter 1 in Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC, combined with treatment by which the pH is lowered below 6 and held there for at least one hour.

(3) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply in relation to milk prepared in establishments under the following conditions—

(a) all milk used in the establishment must either conform to the conditions of paragraph (2) or be obtained from animals outside Great Britain or the restricted area of Northern Ireland;

(b) the establishment must be operated under strict veterinary control;

(c) the milk must be clearly identified and transported and stored separately from milk and milk products which are not destined for export; and

(d) transport of raw milk from outside Great Britain or the restricted area of Northern Ireland to the establishment must be carried out in vehicles which were cleansed and disinfected prior to operation and had no subsequent contact with holdings in Great Britain or the restricted area of Northern Ireland keeping animals of species susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease.

(4) Milk consigned to another member State shall be accompanied by an official certificate prepared by the Minister and signed by a person appointed as an officer of the kind specified in the certificate which bears the following words—

“Milk conforming to Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom”.

(5) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to milk which conforms to the requirements of paragraph (2) if such compliance is stated in the commercial document accompanying the consignment, endorsed in accordance with regulation 12, and the milk either—

(a) is consigned in hermetically sealed containers, or

(b) has been processed in an establishment operating HACCP and an auditable standard operating procedure which ensures that standards for treatment are met and recorded.

Marginal Citations

M14 OJ No. L62, 15.3.1993, p. 49.

Export of milk products E+W

7.—(1) No person shall export milk products.

(2) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply in relation to—

(a) milk products produced before 1st February 2001;

(b) milk products prepared from milk which complies with paragraphs (2) or (3) of regulation 6;

(c) milk products subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of at least 72°C for 15 seconds or an equivalent treatment; and

(d) milk products destined for export to a third country where import conditions permit such products to be subject to treatment other than laid down in these Regulations.

(3) The prohibitions described in paragraph (1) shall not apply to milk products prepared in establishments under the following conditions—

(a) all milk used in the establishment will either conform to the conditions of regulation 6(2) or be obtained from animals outside Great Britain or the restricted area of Northern Ireland;

(b) all milk products used in the final product will either conform to the conditions of paragraph (2)(a), (b) or (c) or be made from milk obtained from animals outside Great Britain or the restricted area of Northern Ireland;

(c) the establishment shall be under strict veterinary control; and

(d) the milk products must be clearly identified and transported and stored separately from milk and milk products which are not destined for export.

(4) Milk products consigned to another member State shall be accompanied by an official certificate prepared by the Minister and signed by a person appointed as an officer of the kind specified in the certificate which bears the following words—

“Milk products conforming to Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom”.

(5) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to milk products which conform to the requirements of paragraph (2)(a), (b) or (c) if such compliance is stated in the commercial document accompanying the consignment, endorsed in accordance with regulation 12, and the milk products either—

(a) are consigned in hermetically sealed containers, or

(b) have been processed in an establishment operating HACCP and an auditable standard operating procedure which ensures that standards for treatment are met and recorded.

Export of semen, etc. E+W

8.—(1) No person shall export or send to Northern Ireland (other than to the restricted area) semen, ova or embryos of animals of the bovine, ovine, caprine or porcine species and other biungulates.

(2) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply in relation to frozen bovine semen and embryos produced before 1st February 2001.

(3) The health certificate provided for in Council Directive 88/407/EEC (laying down the animal health requirements applicable to intra-Community trade in and imports of deep-frozen semen of domestic animals of the bovine species M15 ) accompanying frozen bovine semen consigned to another member State shall bear the following words—

“Frozen bovine semen conforming to Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom”.

(4) The health certificate provided for in Council Directive 89/556/EEC (on animal health conditions governing intra-Community trade in and importation from third countries of embryos of domestic animals of the bovine species M16 ) accompanying bovine embryos consigned to another member State shall bear the following words—

“Bovine embryos conforming to Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom”.

Marginal Citations

M15 OJ L194, 22.7.1988, p. 10.

M16 OJ L302, 19.10.1989, p. 11.

Export of hides and skins E+W

9.—(1) No person shall export hides and skins of animals of the bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species and other biungulates.

(2) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply in relation to hides and skins which were produced before 1st February 2001 or which conform to the requirements of paragraph 1(A) indents 2 to 5 or paragraph 1(B), indents 3 and 4 of Chapter 3 of Annex I to Directive 92/118/EEC if treated hides and skins are separated effectively from untreated hides and skins.

(3) Hides and skins consigned to another member State must be accompanied by an official certificate prepared by the Minister and signed by a person appointed as an officer of the kind specified in the certificate stating—

“Hides and skins conforming to Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom”.

(4) Paragraph (3) shall not apply to hides and skins which conform to the requirements of either—

(a) paragraph 1A indents 2 to 5 of Chapter 3 of Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC; or

(b) paragraph 1(B) indents 3 and 4 of Chapter 3 to Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC

if compliance with those conditions is stated in the commercial document accompanying the consignment, endorsed (in the case of sub-paragraph (b)) in accordance with regulation 12.

Export of animal products E+W

10.—(1) No person shall export animal products of the bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species and other biungulates not otherwise mentioned in these Regulations produced after 1st February 2001.

(2) No person shall export dung or manure.

(3) The prohibition in paragraph (1) shall not apply in relation to—

(a) animal products which have been subjected to—

(i) heat treatment in a hermetically sealed container with a Fo value of 3.00 or more; or

(ii) heat treatment in which the centre temperature is raised to at least 70°C;

(b) blood and blood products as defined in Chapter 7 of Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC which have been subjected to—

(i) heat treatment at a temperature of 65°C for at least three hours followed by an effectiveness check;

(ii) irradiation of 2.5 megarads or gamma rays followed by an effectiveness check; or

(iii) change of pH to pH5 or lower for at least two hours, followed by an effectiveness check;

(c) lard and rendered fats which have been subject to the heat treatment prescribed in paragraph 2(A) of Chapter 9 Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC;

(d) animal casings to which the provisions of paragraph B Chapter 2 of Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC apply adapted as necessary to suit the case;

(e) sheep wool, ruminant hair and pigs’ bristles which have undergone factory washing or have been obtained from tanning and unprocessed sheep wool, ruminant hair and pigs’ bristles which are securely enclosed in packaging and dry;

(f) semi-moist and dried petfood conforming to the requirements of paragraphs 2 and 3 respectively of Chapter 4 of Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC;

(g) composite products which are not subjected to further treatment containing products of animal origin on the understanding that the treatment was not necessary for finished products the ingredients of which comply with the respective animal health conditions laid down in these Regulations; or

(h) game trophies in accordance with paragraph 2(b) of Part B of Chapter 13 to Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC.

(4) The animal products must be accompanied by an official certificate prepard by the Minister and signed by a person appointed as an officer of the kind specified in the certificate stating—

“Animal products conforming to Commission Decision 2001/172/EC of 1st March 2001 concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom”.

(5) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to products specified in sub-paragraphs (b), (c) or (d) of paragraph (3) which have a commercial document required under the Products of Animal Origin (Import and Export) Regulations 1996 M17 endorsed in accordance with regulation 12 of these Regulations.

(6) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to products specified in sub-paragraphs (e) of paragraph (3) which are accompanied by a commercial document stating either—

(a) that the products have undergone factory washing or have been obtained from tanning; or

(b) that the products comply with the conditions laid down in paragraphs (2) and (4) of Chapter 15 of Annex I to Council Directive 92/118/EEC.

(7) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to products specified in sub-paragraph (g) of paragraph (3) which have been produced in an establishment operating HACCP and an auditable standard operating procedure which ensures that pre-processed ingredients comply with the requirements of these regulations and they have a commercial document endorsed in accordance with regulation 12.

Marginal Citations

M17 1996/3124.

Exemptions E+W

11. The prohibitions in regulations 5,6, 7 and 10 shall not apply in relation to—

(a) products produced and packaged outside the United Kingdom if the packaging indicates the country of origin and they remain in their original packaging; or

(b) products which are—

(i) produced in an establishment approved by the Minister from pre-processed products originating outside the United Kingdom which, since introduction into the United Kingdom have been transported, stored and processed separately from products not destined for export; and

(ii) accompanied by a commercial document or official certificate as required by these Regulations.

Endorsement of commercial documents E+W

12.—(1) Where reference is made to a commercial document being endorsed in accordance with this regulation, the document must have attached to it an official certificate prepared by the Minister and signed by a person appointed as an officer of the kind specified in the certificate stating that the production process has been audited and found to be in accordance with these Regulations and suitable to destroy the foot-and-mouth disease virus or that the products concerned have been produced from pre-processed materials which have been certified accordingly and that provisions are in place to avoid possible re-contamination with the foot-and-mouth disease virus after treatment.

(2) The certificate shall bear a reference to the Decision, shall be valid for 30 days, shall state the expiry date and shall be renewable after inspection of the establishment.

Third country certificates E+W

13.  No person shall export anything to which these Regulations apply to a third country unless the consignment is accompanied by an official certificate prepared by the Minister and signed by a person appointed as an officer of the kind specified in the certificate certifying compliance with the Regulations.

Export of horses E+W

14.—(1) Any person exporting equidae to another member State shall ensure that they are accompanied by an Animal Health Certificate in accordance with the model in Annex C of Directive 90/426/EEC on animal health conditions governing the movement and import from third countries of equidae M18 .

(2) An inspector shall only issue a certificate referred to in paragraph (1) if he is satisfied that the animal has not been in an infected area (other than in transit through an infected area by road without being unloaded) to which Part III of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Order 1983 (in Great Britain) or Part I of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Order (Northern Ireland) 1962 M19 in Northern Ireland applies at any time in the 15 days prior to certification.

Marginal Citations

M18 OJ No. L224, 18.8.90, p. 42.

M19 SR&O 1962 No. 209 as amended by SR 2001 No. 82.

Powers of inspectors E+W

15.—(1) An inspector shall, on producing, if required to do so, some duly authenticated document showing his authority, have the right at all reasonable hours to enter any land or premises for the purposes of ascertaining whether there is or has been on the premises any contravention of these Regulations; and in this regulation “premises” includes any place, installation, vehicle (including any container, trailer, semi-trailer, caravan or other thing which is designed or adapted to be towed by another vehicle), train, ship, vessel, boat, craft, hovercraft or aircraft.

(2) An inspector shall have powers to carry out all checks and examinations necessary for the enforcement of these Regulations, and in particular may—

(a) carry out inspections of any processes used for the marking and identification of animals, any premises and any installation;

(b) examine documentary or data processing material relevant to the checks carried out under these Regulations; and

(c) take with him a representative of the European Commission acting for the purposes of the Decision.

Powers of customs officers E+W

16.  A customs officer may detain any vehicle, vessel, container or anything which he reasonably suspects to contain animals or products controlled by these Regulations for as long as is reasonably necessary to enable an inspector to exercise a power under these Regulations.

Illegal consignments E+W

17.—(1) Where an inspector knows or suspects that animals or animal products are intended for export and do not comply with the requirements of these Regulations he may serve a notice on the person in charge of the consignment prohibiting the export of the animals or products in the consignment until he is satisfied that the animals or products comply with the Regulations.

(2) No person shall export anything subject to a notice served under this regulation unless it has been revoked.

(3) A notice under this section shall be in writing, may be subject to conditions and may be amended or revoked by further notice in writing at any time.

(4) Animals imported in contravention of these Regulations shall be dealt with as specified in the regulation 13 of the Animals and Animal Products (Import and Export) Regulations 2000 M20 .

Marginal Citations

M20 S.I. 2000/1673.

Obstruction E+W

18.—(1) No person shall—

(a) intentionally obstruct any person acting in the execution of these Regulations;

(b) without reasonable cause, fail to give to any person acting in the execution of these Regulations any assistance or information which that person may reasonably require for the purposes of his functions under these Regulations, or

(c) furnish to any person acting in the execution of these Regulations any information which he knows to be false or misleading.

(2) Nothing in paragraph (1)(b) above shall be construed as requiring any person to answer any question or give any information if to do so might incriminate him.

Offences by bodies corporate E+W

19.—(1) Where a body corporate is guilty of an offence under these Regulations, and that offence is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to have been attributable to any neglect on the part of—

(a) any director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate, or

(b) any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity,

he as well as the body corporate, shall be guilty of the offence and be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1) above, “director” in relation to a body corporate whose affairs are managed by its members, means a member of the body corporate.

Penalties E+W

20.—(1) A person contravening any provision of these Regulations shall be guilty of an offence.

(2) A person guilty of an offence under regulation 18(1)(a) or (b) above shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.

(3) A person guilty of any other offence under these Regulations shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment not exceeding three months or to both;

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.

Certificates, etc. issued in Northern Ireland, Wales or Scotland E+W

21.  Where these Regulations require any certificate, licence or approval to be issued or granted by the Minister, an equivalent certificate, licence or approval issued in Northern Ireland, Wales or Scotland by the relevant competent authority is valid.

Enforcement E+W

22.  These Regulations shall be enforced by the Minister or the local authority.

Revocation E+W

23.  The Import and Export Restrictions (Foot-and-Mouth Disease) (No. 4) Regulations 2001 M21 are revoked in so far as they extend to England.

Marginal Citations

M21 S.I. 2001/1080.

Hayman

Minister of State, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

4th April 2001

Explanatory Note

(This note is not part of the Regulations)

These Regulations implement in England a change in the restrictions on imports and exports of certain animals and animal products in accordance with Commission Decision 2001/268/EC amending Commission Decision 2001/172/EC concerning certain protection measures with regard to foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom (OJ No. L 94, 3.4.2001, p/27).

The previous Regulations permitted the export of certain meat products and milk which had been processed in England if the meat and milk being processed originated outside the United Kingdom. These Regulations extend the area that the meat and milk may come from to Northern Ireland (other than the district of Newry and Mourne in the county of Armagh).

They continue to regulate the export of biungulates, fresh meat, meat products, milk, milk products and other animal products. They contain powers of inspectors, and provisions relating to illegal consignments.

Breach of the regulations is, under regulation 18, punishable—

(a)  on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment not exceeding three months or to both; E+W

(b)  on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both. E+W

Certificates issued in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are valid under these Regulations (regulation 20).

The Regulations are enforced in England by the Minister or the local authority (regulation 21).